• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.161-169
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• 2002

Ad hoc wireless networks involving large populations of scattered communication nodes will play a key role in the development of low power, high capacity, interactive, multimedia communication networks. Such networks must support arbitrary network connections and provide coverage anywhere and anytime. This paper partitions such arbitrarily connected network architectures into three distinct groups, identifies the associated dual network architectures and counts the number of network architectures assuming there exist N network nodes. Connectivity between network nodes is characterized as a random event. Defining the link availability P as the probability that two arbitrary network nodes in an ad hoc network are directly connected, the network connection probability $ \integral_n$(p) that any two network nodes will be directly or indirectly connected is derived. The network connection probability $ \integral_n$(p) is evaluated and graphically demonstrated as a function of p and N. It is shown that ad hoc wireless networks containing a large number of network nodes possesses the same network connectivity performance as does a fixed network, i.e., for p>0, $lim_{N\to\infty} Integral_n(p)$ = 1. Furthermore, by cooperating with fixed networks, the ad hoc network connection probability is used to derive the global network connection probability for hybrid networks. These probabilities serve to characterize network connectivity performance for users of wireless ad hoc and hybrid networks, e.g., IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15, IEEE 1394-95, ETSI BRAN HIPERLAN, Bluetooth, wireless ATM and the world wide web (WWW).

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.1059-1062
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• 2005

A hybrid ad-hoc network consists of a wired network and a mobile ad-hoc network connected by the internet gateway. To provide seamless service for internet user in hybrid ad-hoc network, an efficient internet gateway selection technique and a fast handover technique are needed. In this paper, we propose a seamless handoff technique for providing mobility of mobile hosts in hybrid ad-hoc networks. The proposed technique improves general handoff performance by an internet gateway re-registration algorithm for ad-hoc networks. Moreover, it reduces handoff processing time in the range of certain region by using mobility management agent (MMA) and also the packet loss when handoff occurs out of the range of MMA by tunneling technique.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.1 s.39
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• pp.195-201
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• 2006

This thesis proposes hybrid routing protocol that mix proactive routing protocol and reactive routing protocol used in Ad hoc network. Proposed method is that establish special node offering network service of nods which construct Ad hoc network and do routing different from existing hybrid routing protocol, ZRP. Special node doing these parts is called C-node. Routing using C-node can accompany efficient routing by decreasing path institution time and flooding time than existing routing protocol.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.43 no.6 s.348
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• pp.39-45
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• 2006

n a hybrid ad-hoc network, wired network and a mobile ad-hoc network are connected by the internet gateway. To provide seamless service for internet users in the hybrid ad-hoc network, an efficient internet gateway selection technique and a fast handover technique are needed. In this paper, we propose a seamless handoff technique for providing mobility of mobile hosts in hybrid ad-hoc networks. The proposed internet gateway re-registration algorithm improves general handoff performance. Moreover, the handoff processing time within certain range of area is reduced by using mobility management agent(MMA). In addition the packet loss is reduced when handoff occurs out of the range of MMA by tunneling technique.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.207-213
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• 2021

Networks in Mobile ad hoc contain distribution and do not have a predefined structure which practically means that network modes can play the role of being clients or servers. The routing protocols used in mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are characterized by limited bandwidth, mobility, limited power supply, and routing protocols. Hybrid routing protocols solve the delay problem of reactive routing protocols and the routing overhead of proactive routing protocols. The Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is used to solve other real-life problems such as the travelling salesman problem, capacity planning, and the vehicle routing challenge. Bio-inspired methods have probed lethal in helping to solve the problem domains in these networks. Hybrid routing protocols combine the distance vector routing protocol (DVRP) and the link-state routing protocol (LSRP) to solve the routing problem.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.165-173
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• 2008

Hybrid ad hoc networks are integrated networks referred to Home Networks, Telematics and Sensor networks can offer various services. Specially, in ad hoc network where each node is responsible for forwarding neighbor nodes' data packets, it should net only reduce the overall energy consumption but also balance individual battery power. Unbalanced energy usage will result in earlier node failure in overloaded nodes. it leads to network partitioning and reduces network lifetime. Therefore, this paper studied the routing protocol considering efficiency of energy. The suggested algorithm can predict the status of energy in each node using the energy prediction model. This can reduce the overload of establishing route path and balance individual battery power. The suggested algorithm can reduce power consumption as well as increase network lifetime.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.133-140
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• 2007

Currently, as the requirement for high quality Internet access from anywhere at anytime is consistently increasing, the interconnection of pure ad hoc networks to fixed IP networks becomes increasingly important. Such integrated network, referred to as hybrid ad hoc networks, can be extended to many applications, including Sensor Networks, Home Networks, Telematics, and so on. We focus on some data communication problems of hybrid ad hoc networks, such as broadcasting and routing. In particular. power failure of mobile terminals is the most important factor since it affects the overall network lifetime. We propose an energy-efficient routing protocol based on clustering for hybrid ad hoc networks. By applying the index-based data broadcasting and selective tuning methods, the infra system performs the major operations related to clustering and routing on behalf of ad hoc nodes. The proposed scheme reduces power consumption as well as the cost of path discovery and maintenance, and the delay required to configure the route.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.430-432
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• 2004

Multicasting is an efficient means of one to many (or many to many) communications. Due to the frequent and unpredictable topology changes, multicast still remains as challenge and no one-size-fits-all protocol could serve all kinds of needs in ad hoc network. Protocols and approaches currently proposed on this issue could be classified mainly into four categories, tree-based, meshed-based, statelessness and hybrid. In this article, we borrow the concept of Eulerian ring in graph theory and propose a novel ring-based multicast framework--Hierarchical Eulerian Ring-Oriented Multicast Architecture (HEROMA) over wireless mobile Ad hoc network. It is familiar with hybrid protocol based on mesh and tree who concentrates on efficiency and robustness simultaneously. Architecture and recovery algorithm of HEROMA are investigated in details. Simulation result is also presented, which show different level of improvements on end-to-end delay in scenario of small scale.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.345-354
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• 2005

Mobile grid can provide the grid service to grid users regardless of space and time. There are many restrictions to use grid service in mobile environment such as battery power of mobile device, movement pattern of mobile device etc. So it is difficult to apply the grid technologies of wired network to wireless network environments. Therefore, to provide the mobile grid service, we suggested the mobile grid architecture using ad-hoc network. Also we showed that hybrid routing protocol is efficient for mobile grid service by considering the battery power of mobile device and simulations of evaluating the delay time of three routing protocols using NS-2. We will study the methods of resource allocations and network reliability to provide the mobile grid service.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.210-215
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• 2008

Ad hoc network는 무선 노드들의 집합으로서 어떤 인프라스트럭처 도움 없이 그들 서로가 multi-hop 경로를 통해 통신한다. 본 논문에서는 ad hoc network에서 사용되는 proactive 라우팅 프로토콜과 on-demand 라우팅 프로토콜의 혼합인 hybrid 라우팅 프로토콜에 대해 제안하였다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 hybrid 라우팅 프로토콜인 ZRP와는 달리 Ad hoc network를 구성하는 노드들 중에 네트워크 서비스를 제공해주는 특별한 노드를 설정하여 라우팅 하는 방법을 제안한다. 이러한 역할을 해주는 특별한 노드를 본 논문에서는 C-Node라 부른다. C-Node를 이용한 라우팅으로 기존의 라우팅 프로토콜보다 경로 설정 시간과 flooding 시간을 줄이므로서 효율적인 라우팅을 수행할 수 있게된다.