• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.143-155
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• 2017

For complex flexible structures such as nets, the determination of drag forces and its deformation is a challenging task. The accurate prediction of loads on cages is one of the key steps in designing fish farm facilities. The basic physics with a simple cage, can be addressed by the use of experimental studies. However, to design more complex cage system for various environmental conditions, a reliable numerical simulation tool is essential. In this work, the current load on a cage is calculated using a Morison-force model applied at instantaneous positions of equivalent-net modeling. Variations of solidity ratio ($S_n$) of the net and current speed are considered. An equivalent array of cylinders is built to represent the physical netting. Based on the systematic comparisons between the published experimental data for Raschel nets and the current numerical simulations, carried out using the commercial software OrcaFlex, a new formulation for $C_d$ values, used in the equivalent-net model, is presented. The similar approach can also be applied to other netting materials following the same procedure. In case of high solidity ratio and current speed, the hybrid model defines $C_d$ as a function of Re (Reynolds number) and $S_n$ to better represent the corresponding weak diffraction effects. Otherwise, the conventional $C_d$ values depending only on Re can be used with including shielding effects for downstream elements. This new methodology significantly improves the agreement between numerical and experimental data.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2013

Hourly horizontal global solar radiation has been used as one of significant parameters in a weather file for building energy simulations, which determines the quality of building thermal performance. However, as about twenty two weather stations in Korea have actually measured the horizontal global sola radiation, the weather files collected in other stations requires solar data simulation from the other meteorological parameters. Thus, finding the reliable complicated method that can be used in various weather conditions in Korea is critically important. In this paper, three solar simulation models were selected and evaluated through the reliability test with the simulated hourly horizontal global solar radiation against the actually measured solar data to find the most suitable model for the south east area of Korea. Three selected simulation models were CRM, ZHM, and MRM. The first two models are regression type models using site-fitted coefficients which are derived from the correlation between measured solar data and local meteorological parameters from the previous years, and the last model is a mechanistic type model using the meteorological data to calculate conditions of atmospheric constituents that cause absorption and scattering of the extraterrestrial radiation on the way to the surface on the Earth. The evaluation results show that ZHM is the most reliable model in this area, yet a complicated hybrid simulation methods applying the advantages of each simulation method with the monthly-based weather data is needed.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권1A호
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• pp.24-35
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• 2008

이동 애드혹 네트워크에 Mobile IP를 효율적으로 지원하기 위하여 인프라구조 네트워크와 이동 애드혹 네트워크의 트리 기반 통합 네트워크 구조를 제안하고, 통합 네트워크의 형성 및 관리를 위한 네트워크 구조 관리 프로토콜 및 통합 네트워크에 특화된 트리 기반 라우팅 프로토콜을 제안한다. 통합 네트워크는 두 이기종 네트워크를 연결하는 고정 인터넷 게이트웨이(IG)를 가지고 있으며, 이동 노드들은 IG와 직접 통신 거리에 있는 이동 노드들을 중심으로 작은 트리들을 형성한다. 새로운 노드는 먼저 임의의 트리에 가입하고 트리를 따라 자신의 흠 에이젼트(HA) 및 외부 에이젼트(FA)에 등록한다. 또한, 제안하는 라우팅 프로토콜은 트리 정보를 이용하여 효율적으로 경로를 설정한다. 주요 네트워크 전개 시나리오에 대한 시뮬레이션을 통해서 트리 기반 통합 네트워크의 효율성을 분석하였으며, 제안하는 라우팅 프로토콜을 기존의 Mobile IP 지원 AODV 프로토콜과 성능을 비교 분석하였다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.737-747
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• 2013

개발된 3차원 탐색 레이더는 저속으로 기동 중인 작은 RCS(Radar Cross Section)를 갖는 다수의 표적을 TWS(Track While Scan) 방식을 활용하여 실시간으로 탐지, 추적하여 표적의 거리, 속도, 각도 정보를 추출하는 펄스도플러(pulsed-doppler) 방식의 레이더이다. 본 논문에서는 고속으로 기동하는 표적을 탐지하기 위한 일반적인 레이더 신호처리 기법과 비교하여 영속도 근처의 저속 표적을 탐지하기 위한 속도 채널 처리 및 클러터맵 생성기법, 생성된 클러터맵을 활용하여 표적 정보를 획득하기 위한 신호처리 기법을 기술하며, 고속 다중 DSP가 탑재된 상용(COTS: Commercial Off-The-Shelf) 보드를 활용하여 개발된 3차원 탐색 레이더용 실시간 신호처리기의 HW/SW 구조 설계 및 탑재 알고리즘, 시험 결과 등을 제시한다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.1081-1094
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• 2016

KREONET은 한국과학기술정보연구원(KISTI)이 관리 운영하는 국가 R&D 연구망이다. 이는 고성능 네트워크 인프라를 기반으로 산 학 연 등 약 200여 기관을 대상으로 첨단 응용 네트워크 서비스를 지원하고 있다. 하지만 KREONET은 하드웨어 기반의 폐쇄적인 환경에 의하여 제약을 받고 있어 최근 네트워크 환경의 변화에 따른 새로운 네트워크 서비스에 대한 첨단 응용 사용자들의 다양한 요구사항을 반영하는데 한계점을 지닌다. 이에 따라, KISTI는 첨단연구 및 협업의 적시성 환경 및 프로그래머블 네트워크 인프라를 구축하고 이에 기반한 새로운 첨단응용 서비스를 지원하기 위하여 KREONET-S 프로젝트를 출범하였다. 본 논문에서는 KREONET-S 시스템 구조 및 이의 데이터/제어 평면의 네트워크 인프라 구축 현황을 제시하고, 이에 기반하여 첨단 응용 연구자들이 필요로 하는 가상 전용 네트워크를 동적 구축하는 VDN (Virtual Dedicate Network) 서비스에 관하여 설명한다. 또한 KREONET-S 환경에 VDN 애플리케이션을 구현하고 이의 성능 분석을 수행함으로써 KREONET-S 시스템이 새로운 네트워크 패러다임의 변화에 대응하는 훌륭한 방안임을 검증한다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.1289-1295
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 유 무선 네트워 킹을 지원하는 TRS 중계기의 전체적인 RF 시스템들을 디지털 방식으로 제어 할 수 있는 고성능 병렬 제어 시스템을 구현하였다. 구현된 시스템은 순 역방향 LPA(Linear Power Amplifier), 순 역방향 LNA(Low Noise Amplifier), 채널카드, 직렬통신(RS-232), 유 무선 TCP/IP 통신의 제어를 담당하는 FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array) 칩과 전체 시스템의 제어를 관장하는 마스터(Master) 마이크로프로세서, 순 역방향 스펙트럼 분석기(Spectrum Analyzer, SA)를 내장하여 현재 통신되고 있는 채널의 주파수 스펙트럼을 5KHz 단위의 해상도로 관찰할 수 있도록 하는 슬레이브 마이크로프로세서, 각각의 채널카드들을 개별적으로 감시하고 채널카드내의 주파수 합성기(Frequency Synthesizer)를 프로그래밍하기 위한 10개의 채널카드용 마이크로프로세서, 그리고 그 밖의 몇 가지 주변기기들과 회로들로 구성된다. 전체 시스템은 동작의 효율성과 병렬성을 비롯하여 구현의 적합성과 비용을 고려하여 H/W(Hardware) 및 S/W(Software) 부분으로 나누었고, H/W도 FPGA과 마이크로프로세서로 나누어서 최적화를 이루고자 노력하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2964-2985
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• 2019

Global data center IP traffic is expected to reach 20.6 zettabytes (ZB) by the end of 2021. Intra-data center networks (Intra-DCN) will account for 71.5% of the data center traffic flow and will be the largest portion of the traffic. The understanding of traffic distribution in IntraDCN is still sketchy. It causes significant amount of bandwidth to go unutilized, and creates avoidable choke points. Conventional transport protocols such as Optical Packet Switching (OPS) and Optical Burst Switching (OBS) allow a one-sided view of the traffic flow in the network. This therefore causes disjointed and uncoordinated decision-making at each node. For effective resource planning, there is the need to consider joining the distributed with centralized management which anticipates the system's needs and regulates the entire network. Methods derived from Kalman filters have proved effective in planning road networks. Considering the network available bandwidth as data transport highways, we propose an intelligent enhanced SDN concept applied to OBS architecture. A management plane (MP) is added to conventional control (CP) and data planes (DP). The MP assembles the traffic spatio-temporal parameters from ingress nodes, uses Kalman filtering prediction-based algorithm to estimate traffic demand. Prior to packets arrival at edges nodes, it regularly forwards updates of resources allocation to CPs. Simulations were done on a hybrid scheme (1+1) and on the centralized OBS. The results demonstrated that the proposition decreases the packet loss ratio. It also improves network latency and throughput-up to 84 and 51%, respectively, versus the traditional scheme.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.3199-3218
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• 2019

Location-based services (LBSs) have become popular in recent years due to the ever-increasing usage of smart mobile devices and mobile applications through networks. Although LBS application provides great benefits to mobile users, it also raises a sever privacy concern of users due to the untrusted service providers. In the lack of privacy enhancing mechanisms, most applications of the LBS may discourage the user's acceptance of location services in general, and endanger the user's privacy in particular. Therefore, it is a great interest to discuss on the recent privacy-preserving mechanisms in LBSs. Many existing location-privacy protection-mechanisms (LPPMs) make great efforts to increase the attacker's uncertainty on the user's actual whereabouts by generating a multiple of fake-locations together with user's actual positions. In this survey, we present a study and analysis of existing LPPMs and the state-of-art privacy measures in service quality aware LBS applications. We first study the general architecture of privacy qualification system for LBSs by surveying the existing framework and outlining its main feature components. We then give an overview of the basic privacy requirements to be considered in the design and evaluation of LPPMs. Furthermore, we discuss the classification and countermeasure solutions of existing LPPMs for mitigating the current LBS privacy protection challenges. These classifications include anonymization, obfuscation, and an encryption-based technique, as well as the combination of them is called a hybrid mechanism. Finally, we discuss several open issues and research challenges based on the latest progresses for on-going LBS and location privacy research.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2017

Through various media, damage of both smoking and second-hand smoking has been recognized, and brought global scale of interest in antismoking. In Korea, government has tightened regulations of smoking in non-smoking zone since December, 1980, and after National Health Promotion Act in 1995, non-smoking zone has been gradually expanded. On the other hand, there were law suits to find those regulation towards smokers are either unconstitutional or not for 4 times. In this current state, people need smoking area to prevent second-hand smoking and to consider smokers in multi-unit dwelling. Main purpose of this research is to plan smoking spaces based on various typology of multi-dwelling plan for protection of both smokers and non-smokers' right. The research group collected and analyzed the smoking behaviors in various multi-unit dwelling types such as flat type, tower type, hybrid type and others. Based on those data, the group found three phenomena. First, there are internal regulations in multi-unit dwelling to make non-smoking zone based on National Health Promotion Act and resident representative meeting decision. Second, main smoking activities are occurring at major traffic line and entrances. Third, smoking inside of multi-unit dwelling complex causes second-hand smoking to residents live in $1^{st}$ floor and when they enter. Therefore, one can achieve both smokers' and non-smokers' protection of right by creating a designated smoking space near main entrances of multi-unit dwelling complex to consider smokers' and prevents second-hand smoking by using shaft space, which is in core space, to ventilate tobacco smoke through roof.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.38-53
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• 2023

Purpose: The current Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions, published and disseminated in 2018, involves some difficulties and causes diagnostic conflicts due to its criteria, especially for inexperienced clinicians. The aim of this study was to design a decision system based on machine learning algorithms by using clinical measurements and radiographic images in order to determine and facilitate the staging and grading of periodontitis. Methods: In the first part of this study, machine learning models were created using the Python programming language based on clinical data from 144 individuals who presented to the Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University. In the second part, panoramic radiographic images were processed and classification was carried out with deep learning algorithms. Results: Using clinical data, the accuracy of staging with the tree algorithm reached 97.2%, while the random forest and k-nearest neighbor algorithms reached 98.6% accuracy. The best staging accuracy for processing panoramic radiographic images was provided by a hybrid network model algorithm combining the proposed ResNet50 architecture and the support vector machine algorithm. For this, the images were preprocessed, and high success was obtained, with a classification accuracy of 88.2% for staging. However, in general, it was observed that the radiographic images provided a low level of success, in terms of accuracy, for modeling the grading of periodontitis. Conclusions: The machine learning-based decision system presented herein can facilitate periodontal diagnoses despite its current limitations. Further studies are planned to optimize the algorithm and improve the results.