• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.964-971
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• 2009

In this paper, activated sludge settling was characterized based on field trip and zone settling tests. Plants used for this study include 5 conventional activated sludge processes and 3 A2O type treatment processes. The treatment capacities are in the range from 12,000 to $250,000m^3$/day. Total number of zone settling tests were 188 set and SVI values representing settling characteristics were from 100 to 300 mL/g. It was found out that zone settling velocity of these examined plant sludges can be approximated by mean values calculated by Keinath and Daigger/Roper models. Based on these three models, solid flux analysis were carried out in order to compare design criteria ($3.96{\sim}6.04kg/m^2-hr$) recommended by Korea Sewage Facility Design Guideline with two models used in USA. The results show that design criteria are only applicable for normal condition in settling characteristics (below SVI 100 mL/g). Solid flux analysis of surveyed plants indicates that most of the plants are operated underload conditions except several plants experiencing poor sludge settling problem. Most of the plants are operated under high sludge blanket depths (SBD).

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.641-649
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• 2004

The relationship between chemical structures and biological activities is researched briskly in the area of 'Medicinal Chemistry' At the base of these structure-based drug design tries, medicinal chemists search the existing drugs of similar chemical structure to target drug for the development of a new drug. Therefore, it is such necessary that an automatic system selects drug files that have a set of chemical moieties matching a user-defined query moiety. Substructure searching is the process of identifying a set of chemical moieties that match a specific query moiety. Testing for substructure searching was developed in the late 1950s. In graph theoretical terms, this problem corresponds to determining which graphs in a set are subgraph isomorphic to a specified query moiety. Testing for subgraph isomorphism has been proved, in the general case, to be an NP- complete problem. For the purpose of overcoming this difficulty, there were computational approaches. On the 1990s, a US patent has been granted on an atom-centered indexing scheme, used by the RS3 system; this has the virtue that the indexes generated can be searched by direct text comparison. This system is commercially used(http://www.acelrys.com/rs3). We define the RS3 system's drawback and present a new indexing scheme. The RS3 system treats substructure searching with substring matching by means of expressing chemical structure aspredefined strings. However, it has insufficient 'rerall' and 'precision‘ because it is impossible to index structures uniquely for same atom and same bond. To resolve this problem, we make the minimum-cost- spanning tree for one centered atom and describe a structure with paths per levels. Expressing 2D chemical structure into 1D a string has limit. Therefore, we break 2D chemical structure into 1D structure fragments. We present in this paper a new index technique to improve recall and precision surprisingly.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.19
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• pp.317-346
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• 2009

Soongeuimyo is a shrine which has Liu Bei 劉備 as the main ceremonial figure and also Guan Yu 關羽 and Zhang Fai 張飛 as ceremonial figures as well as 8 others such as Zhege Liang, Zhao Yun, Ma Chao, Huang Zhong, Uang Bo, Zhou Zhang, Zhao Ru, and Guan Ping. Since one of the ceremonial figures is Guan Yu, it has been considered and discussed as a Guanwangmyo 關王廟. It is also witnessed by the terms called the East, South, or North tomb that were the existing Guanwangmyo, or even 'West' tomb 西廟. Of course, the relationship between Guanwangmyo and Soongeuimyo cannot be excluded because they both have Guan Yu. However, Soongeuimyo is different from Guanwangmyo in some aspects. Soongeuimyo was of a higher grade than Guanwangmyo in the quality of the ceremonial figures, and it had a completely different music and dances 악무, in which it included court music(雅樂), orchestra for court music(雅樂樂懸), and Yugilmu 六佾舞. Since the first enshrinement ritual in April 27, 1904, the period of Soongeuimyo Jerye was performed for only 4 years until the close in July, 1908, which made it less known. Furthermore, because Japanese Governor General used Soongeuimyo land as orphanages and schools for the blind and the dumb, the tomb areas were completely destroyed and the space to recall memories of Soongeuimyo was lost. However, Soongeuimyo Jerye was one of the country's important ceremonies conducted as Joong Sa 中祀 with complete assessment of traditional music and dance for Jerye. Also, as a Jerye that Go Jong 高宗 designed as a strong soldier policy after his coronation as an emperor to enhance Dae Han empire's military power, it has much significance as Dae Han empire's last national ceremony newly created besides Hwangu Jerye 圜丘祭 after his coronation.

• Journal of Korean Historical Folklife
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• no.45
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• pp.291-325
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• 2014

This study is about examining the changing process of worshiping heaven in the end of the Koryo dynasty and early Chosun dynasty. For this, it was compared with book of national rites. This paper will outline the differences of commemorative rites of worshiping heaven between Korea and China and its reason for changing process. Also, it shows the understanding of the historic characteristics of commemorative rites of worshiping heaven in the end of the Koryo dynasty and early Chosun dynasty through analyzing conducted religious service. Following methodological approach was used to achieve the aim of the study. The study includes historical changing process and basic ritual of commemorative rites of worshiping heaven from Koryo dynasaty to King Sejo period through various chronicles and books of rites. Understanding the trend transition of operating commemorative rites of worshiping heaven is expressed differently based on the situation in those days even though it is the same operation of commemorative rites of worshiping heaven. The existing study only primarily considered the rites of worshiping heaven in the end of the Koryo dynasty and early Chosun dynasty through the resources within the country. However, the process of settlement of commemorative rites of worshiping heaven is closely related to settlement of Confucian formality. As the problems cannot be solved if institutional changes are researched only though the resources within the nation, this following study also considered the transition of commemorative rites of worshiping heaven in China for sure. Through this approach, the study understood how China's rites of worshiping heaven settled down and formed in Korea and found differences of the rites of worshiping heaven between the two nations by comparing China's book with ornamental "seal" characters throughout many generations. Furthermore, it also illustrated historical characteristics of rites of worshiping heaven in the end of the Koryo dynasty and early Chosun dynasty by analyzing carried out religious service. Although it seems like there are many similarities of Chinese ritual procedure between Koryo dynasty and Chosun dynasty, there are existing significant differences in the context. Moreover, it is clear that there are differences of ritual between Tang, Song, Ming dynasty. These differences are directly connected to Korea and also with transition of king's power. Generally, Tang and Song dynasty show similar trend whilst Ming clarifies the differences between the two. For instance, there are differences between deep bow and superintendent of cho-hun, a-hun, and jong-hun. Transition of configuration is also one of the major differences. Changing of configuration has considerably important meaning refer to status of king's power. Analyzing specific features, such as size of altar, ancestral tablet, people who participate in sacrifices, okpye, configuration, and etc., made possible to consider the actual differences, not just examining different features of vaguely. Based on this foundation, the study closely examined the differences among the periods between the nations and gave the significance of the differences.