• Applied Microscopy
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2005

초고전압 투과전자현미경 (HVEM)에 장착된 postcolumn 방식의 HV-GIF (high voltage gatan image filter)의 영상기록 장치인 HV-MSC (high voltage multi-scan CCD, $1024{\times}1024$픽셀) 카메라의 결상영역은 현미경 최소 관찰 배율인 2,000배에서 $0.43{\mu}m^2$로서 동일 배율에서 필름 기록영역($2000{\mu}m^2$)에 비해 약 0.02%에 해당하는 매우 적은 영역이다. 이러한 결상 영역 제한성을 개선하고자 투사렌즈 전류조절 기법을 도입하였으며 본 연구의 결과로 HV-MSC의 결상영역은 $112{\mu}m^2$로 비약적으로 증가하였다. 이는 약 8,800배에서 필름으로 기록할 수 있는 영역과 동일하였다. 이와 더불어 투사렌즈 조절에 따른 이미지 변형정도를 약 5%이하까지 허용하고 8,800배 이상에서 필름 기록영역과 동일한 HV-MSC 결상영역을 확보할 수 있는 실험적인 참조곡선을 고안하였다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2019

Flavonoids are widely distributed secondary metabolites in plants that have a variety biological functions, as well as beneficial biological and pharmacological activities. In barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), for example, high levels of saponarin accumulate during primary leaf development. However, the effect of saponarin biosynthetic pathway genes on the accumulation of saponarin in barley is poorly understood. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to examine the saponarin contents and expression levels of saponarin biosynthetic pathway genes [chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), and UDP-Glc:isovitexin 7-O-glucosyltransferase (OGT)] during early seedling developmental and under several abiotic stress conditions. Interestingly, the upregulation of HvCHS, HvCHI, and HvOGT during early development was associated with saponarin accumulation during later stages. In addition, exposure to abiotic stress conditions (e.g., light/dark transition, drought, and low or high temperature) significantly affected the expression of HvCHS and HvCHI but failed to affect either HvOGT expression or saponarin accumulation. These findings suggested that the expression of HvOGT, which encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the final step of saponarin biosynthesis, is required for saponarin accumulation. Taken together, the results of the present study provide a basis for metabolic engineering in barley plants, especially in regards to enhancing the contents of useful secondary metabolites, such as saponarin.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.85-88
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of active abduction exercise of the great toe on the medial and lateral sesamoid bones in hallux valgus (HV) patients by measuring radiography. Methods: In this study 27 young subjects were separated into two groups (normal group and HV group). Two pictures were taken by radiography while maintaining resting and while holding maximal active abduction of the great toe in sitting position on an x-ray table. All radiographs were used to measure the distance of the medial and lateral sesamoid bone from the longitudinal axis of the first metatarsal bone, respectively. Paired t-test was used for analysis of the resting and active abduction exercise in groups. Independent t-test was used to evaluate statistical significance between normal group and HV group. The statistical significance level was p<0.05. Results: In active abduction exercise of the normal group, distance of the medial and lateral sesamoid bones was not significantly different compared to resting condition. In active abduction exercise of the HV group, change of distance of the medial and lateral sesamoid bones showed statistically significant difference compared to resting condition. The distance between the medial sesamoid bone showed a more significant decrease in the HV vs. normal group, while the distance between the lateral sesamoid bone was significantly greater in the HV vs. normal group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that active abduction exercises, to reduce or prevent deterioration of the HV angle, should be considered for sesamoid bone displacement to improve muscle balance in the great toe.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.276-281
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the kinematic motion of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint during an electrical stimulation of abductor hallucis (AbdH) muscle, between the normal group and the hallux valgus (HV) group. Methods: A total of twenty subjects (normal group=10 and HV group=10) participated in this study. The kinematic motions of first MTP joint was measured by using 3-dimensional motion analysis during an electrical stimulation in the sitting position. The intensity of an electrical stimulation was set to be tolerated in each subject, and the data of kinematic motions were collected in three trials of 5 seconds. An independent t-test was used to compare the angle of flexion and abduction of the first MTP joint and proximal phalanx in frontal plane, between the normal and HV groups. Results: Participants showed that the angle of flexion was significantly greater in the HV group ($13.12{\pm}10.61^{\circ}$), compared to that of the normal group ($10.17{\pm}2.31^{\circ}$); and the angle of abduction was significantly smaller in the HV group ($10.61{\pm}4.99^{\circ}$) than that of the normal group. Also, the angle of the proximal phalanx in frontal plane was significantly smaller, compared to the normal group ($53.42{\pm}10.70^{\circ}$) (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that dysfunction of AbdH muscle is apparent in HV deformity and provide insight into potential risk factors for the development of HV deformity.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.12-17
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• 2021

Saponarin found in young barley sprouts has a variety of beneficial biological and pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective activities. Our previous work demonstrated that saponarin content was correlated with the expression levels of three biosynthetic pathway genes [chalcone synthase (HvCHS1), chalcone isomerase (HvCHI), and UDP-Glc:isovitexin 7-O-glucosyltransferase (HvOGT1)] in young barley seedlings under various abiotic stress conditions. In this study, we investigated the saponarin content and expression levels of three saponarin biosynthetic pathway genes in hulled and hulless domestic barley cultivars. In the early developmental stages, some hulled barley cultivars (Kunalbori1 and Heukdahyang) had much higher saponarin contents than did the hulless barley cultivars. An RNA expression analysis showed that in most barley cultivars, decreased saponarin content correlated with reduced expression of HvCHS1 and HvCHI, but not HvOGT1. Heat map analysis revealed both specific increases in HvCHS1 expression in certain hulled and hulless barley cultivars, as well as general changes that occurred during the different developmental stages of each barley cultivar. In summary, our results provide a molecular genetic basis for the metabolic engineering of barley plants to enhance their saponarin content.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.18.1-18.10
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• 2022

Background: Canine herpesvirus type 1 (CaHV-1) infects dogs and is associated with neonatal deaths and reproductive, ocular, neurological, and respiratory problems. In Brazil, reports of CaHV-1 have been restricted to the southeast and south regions, particularly in municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Objectives: To assess the presence and variability of CaHV-1 in canine populations in the state of Pará, North Brazil. Methods: Biological samples from 159 dogs from 4 municipalities in the State of Pará were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction and phylogenetic analyses, with the target being the viral enzyme, thymidine kinase. Results: CaHV-1 was detected in 13 dogs (8.2%), with 2 animals being from the municipality of Santa Bárbara do Pará, 8 from Algodoal Island, 2 from Salinópolis, and one from Capanema. The study sequences revealed 100% identity among themselves and 64% to 100% identity with the other nucleotide sequences from Australia, Brazil, United Kingdom, and United States, including 100% identity with the 2002 isolate from Australia. The 1996 isolate from France was grouped in a branch that was different from the sequence of this study. Conclusions: This study presents the first molecular detection of CaHV-1 in dogs from the Amazon region in northern Brazil. The nucleotide identity between the strains and cytosine insertion in the sequences isolated in this study suggests at least 2 strains of CaHV-1 circulating in Brazil (Pará and BTU-1).

• 생명과학회지
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.510-522
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• 2022

Poly (3-hydroxyalkanoates) (PHA)는 탄소원과 에너지원으로서 미생물이 과립형태로 생합성하는 열가소성 플라스틱이다. PHA 중 가장 연구가 많이 된 polyhydroxyburyrate (PHB)는 높은 결정성과 부서지기 쉬운 성질로 인해 사용 및 응용범위가 제한적이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 polypropylene과 좀 더 유사한 성질을 지닌 PHA를 생합성하고자, 3-hydroxybutyrate와 3-hydroxyvalerat의 공중합체인 poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerat) (PHBV)를 생합성하는 Bacillus sp. EMK-5020 균주를 토양에서 분리하였다. 플라스크로 배양한 결과, Bacillus sp. EMK-5020 균주는 효소를 이용한 막걸리 주박 가수분해산물(enzymatic makgeolli less hydrolysate, MLEH)에 포함된 환원당(환원당_MLEH)을 단일 탄소원으로 이용하여 1.3%의 3HV가 함유된 PHBV를 생합성하였으며, 보조탄소원으로 첨가한 propionic acid의 양이 증가할수록 3HV의 함량이 증가하여 최대 48.6%의 3HV가 포함된 PHBV를 합성하였다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 환원당_MLEH (20 g/l)와 propionic acid (1 g/l)를 각각 주 탄소원 및 보조탄소원으로 이용하여 3 l 발효기에서 균주를 72시간 배양한 결과 6.4 g/l DCW와 8.9% 3HV를 함유하는 PHBV (MLEH-PHBV)를 50 wt% 생합성함을 확인하였다. 겔 투과 크로마토그래피 분석을 통해 MLEH-PHBV의 평균 분자량은 152 kDa으로 standard PHBV의 평균 분자량(314 kDa)에 비해 절반으로 감소한 것을 확인하였으며, 열중량을 분석한 결과 MLEH-PHBV의 분해 온도가 standard PHBV보다 20℃ 높은 273℃임을 확인하였다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서는 Bacillus sp. EMK- 5020균주를 이용하여 MLEH 및 propionic acid를 탄소원으로 사용하여 다양한 3HV 분획을 함유하는 PHBV생합성할 수 있었으며, 대량배양을 통해 생합성된 8.9% 3HV를 함유한 PHBV-MLEH는 standard PHBV (8% 3HV)에 비해 높은 열 안전성을 지닌 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.28-33
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• 2018

수박 휴작기에 풋거름 작물로 헤어리베치와 호밀을 재배한 후 토양으로의 환원이 후작물 수박의 생육과 수량 그리고 토양의 질산태질소 함량에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 하였다. 파종 후 151일간 재배한 후에 헤어리베치와 호밀의 토양 질소 환원량은 각각 79 kg/ha와 88 kg/ha였다. 헤어리베치와 호밀은 시설하우스 한 동씩 두 동의 면적에 풋거름 작물구, 풋거름작물에 요소 25%, 50%, 75% 처리구, 요소 100% 등 5처리를 각각 두었다. 수박의 생육은 각각의 헤어리베치 및 호밀 처리에서 동일한 생육을 나타냈고 수박의 수량에서도 처리간의 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 토양의 질산태 질소함량은 수박 정식 후 재배일수가 증가할수록 지속적으로 감소하여 정식 후 75일째에 가장 낮은 함량을 나타내었는데 호밀처리구는 호밀만 투입만 처리가 52 mg/kg으로 가장 낮았고, 헤어리베치 처리간 비교에서도 마찬가지로 헤어리베치만 공급한 처리가 가장 낮은 44 mg/kg이었다. 헤어리베치와 호밀 등 녹비작물만의 투입으로도 수박의 재배기간 동안에 토양의 질산태 질소가 40 mg/kg 이상으로 존재하여 화학비료의 추가적인 시비 없이도 동일한 생육을 보인 것으로 판단되었다. 하지만 수박의 수량과 재배기간에의 토양 중 질산태질소와의 관계에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2012

양식 동남아산 뱀장어 Anguilla bicolor에 아가미의 출혈 및 간장의 충혈을 특징으로 하는 질병의 원인을 조사한 결과 Anguillid herpesvirus (AngHV-1) 의 감염이 확인되었다. 병어는 병리조직학적으로 아가미의 상피세포의 증생과 모세혈관의 출혈, 간장의 공포변성 및 중심정맥의 충혈이 관찰되었다. 병어를 $35^{\circ}C$에 10일간 승온 사육한 결과 아가미의 형태가 건강어의 아가미와 유사한 형태로 회복되었으며, 폐사율도 10%로 승온 처리가 폐사율 감소에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2015

The effect of heat treatment environment on the microstructure and properties of tantalum coating layer manufactured by kinetic spraying was examined. Heat treatments are conducted for one hour at $800^{\circ}C$, $900^{\circ}C$, and $1000^{\circ}C$ in two different environments of vacuum and Ar gas. Evaluation of microstructure and physical properties are conducted. High density ${\alpha}$-tantalum single phase coating layer with a porosity of 0.04% and hardness of 550 Hv can be obtained. As heat treatment temperature increases, porosity identically decreases regardless of heat treatment environment (vacuum and Ar gas). Hardness of heat treated coating layer especially in Ar gas environment deceases from 550 Hv to 490 Hv with increasing heat treatment temperature. That in vacuum environment deceases from 550 Hv to 530 Hv. The boundary between particles became vague as heat treatment temperature increases. Oxygen distribution of tantalum coating layer is minute after heat treatment in vacuum environment than Ar gas environment.