• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.389-412
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• 1994

This study was done to investigate stress and coping methods of mothers with brain disease children. The subjects for this study were obtained by taking a sample of mothers with brain disease children hospitalized in neurosurgery ward of K medical center in Seoul from Nov. 20, 1992 to Mar. 10, 1993. The collected date were analized by S.P.S.S. program(frequency, percentage, mean, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation). The results of the study were as follow. 1. The mean of the degree of mothers' stress was 3.681. Of the stress categories, illness treatment (4.216) was highest, and the next were in order of ill-ness status and prognosis(4.154) , family relation-ships and personal roles(3.202), interpersonal relationships(2.916). 2. The mean of the degree of mothers' coping method was 2.930. Of the coping method categories, communication with medical team or parents in similar situations(3.332) was highest, and the next were in or-der of family cooperation and optimistic thought about the situation(3.241), reforcement of self esteem and maintenance of psychological stability(2.538). 3. There was not seen a stastically significant correlation between stress factors and coping methods of mothers. But with categories, the higher the stress to illness status and prognosis was, the hight coping methods' degree of communication with medical team or parents in similar situations was shown a positive correlation, if not high (r=.2776, P=.046) . And the higher the stress to illness treatment was, the higher coping methods' degree of communication with medical team or parents in simial situations was shown a positive correlation, if not high (r=.2727, P=.049). 4. With the difference of stress according to mothers' general characteristics, religion and monthly income shew a statically significant difference. The mothers' group who have a religion shew the higher degree of stress(t=-3.17, P=.003), The group who get the most income shew highest degree of stress (F=.4693, P=.0156). With the difference of coping according to mothers' general characteristics, the most support-ing person, satisfaction with husbands and mothers' own health status shew a statistically significant difference. The group who get the most support from parents-in-law(F=3.7508, P=.013), the group who are much satisfied with husband(F=3.589, P=.016), and the group whose health status are good(F=3.3675, P=.046), shew the highest coping degree. 5. There were no significant difference in degree of stress and coping by children's characteristics The significance of the study will be concluded as follows. 1. Investigating the stress factors, which mothers are perceiving, it will be utilized as the basic materials of nursing plan so as to reduce the stress of mothers. 2. In searching for the ways of mothers' more helpful coping methods, it shows the necessity of the active nursing intervention for the mothers in the process of coping with their stress. That is, the nurse should serve the earnest nursing as counselor, supporter, educator, and information - provider. 3. Recogning mothers as well as children with brain disease as a client, the nurse will be able to help the mother, who is taking care of the children, cope with the stress situation well, and to make a contribution to the recovery, rehabilitation, and health of the children and to the enhancement of the family' health.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.271-283
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• 2001

The childbearing process is a sociocultural phenomenon of a woman who gives birth to a child as well as a biological phenomenon. The purpose of this ethnographic research study was to explore the experience of childbearing process of mothers with children from pregnancy to the 3 months postpartum in Korea and to understand deeply the perspectives of childbearing women reflected on Korean sociocultural values. A convenient sample of 10 childbearing women were observed from January to October 2000 through field work in Seoul, Korea. Data analysis was accomplished under ongoing process. The results of this study were as follows : The mothers with children experienced self-reflection, family relation, and physical adaptation during pregnancy. In self-reflection, all mothers experienced universality and diversity in their self-discovering process. The universal experiences were maturation, life with family and priority on maternal value between being a mother and a woman. The diverse experiences were taking a dual role of working mother, emotional drift of a resigned mother, and disheartened life of a mother who has two daughters. In family relation, the foundation of the new marital relationship were attained during childbearing process and sexual life were changed for the benefit of a healthy mother and a healthy baby. All mothers established friendly relations with their mothers, but established friendly or conflicting or constraining relations with their mother-in-laws due to husband based family culture. In physical adaptation, the informants endured well the physical discomfort and recognized general appearance change. Also maternal-fetal interaction occurred and mothers realistically felt motherhood and accepted themselves as mother-to-be. The mothers prepared for the best delivery, look for a safe childbirth center, newborn goods, endorsed family coping during hospitalization and responded labor pain to make it more endurable, less painful, fast passed owing to labor recognition of the natural process to be a mother. After childbirth, they felt emancipation, satisfaction, accomplishment, more easiness, actually feeling as mother-to-be, emptiness, and showed response to the sex of newborn. Their Sanhujori practice was different according to the Sanhujori environment including provider, place, time in postpartum and reflected on Sanhubyung. The mothers felt actually mother-to-be and happiness during lactation regardless of feeding pattern. These mothers had a different maternal image about rearing subjecthood through their child-rearing experience. But all mothers felt need for family support and social support. The universal rearing response were actual feeling of mother-to-be, a strenuous experience, a pride on child-rearing, confusion, reflecting marital relationship, and wondering rivalry among children. In conclusion, mother of all with children went through self-discovery, self-reflection and made connections with the family as a mother and as a woman simultaneously during the childbearing process. Therefore it is suggested when harmony and balance between a mother and a woman is accomplished, the woman will lead a healthy and high quality of life. Also, this study sought to confirm the sociocultural factors affecting the childbearing process from the perspectives of the women with children. Therefore health care providers must understand deeply the childbearing women with children based on this finding of and try a integrative approach with new ideology of maternity with biocultural perspectives in a clinical setting.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2014

목적 본 연구는 결혼이민자 산모를 대상으로 가정방문을 통한 간호중재 프로그램을 제공하고 그 효과를 규명하기 위한 것이다. 방법 편의표출 및 눈덩이표출을 통해 서울과 수원 지역의 중국, 베트남, 필리핀 결혼이민자 임부를 파악하여 비동등성 대조군 전후설계로 실험군 20명, 대조군 19명을 대상으로 하였다. 출산 후 퇴원하면 일주일 이내 가정방문하여 사전조사를 실시 후 실험군에 대한 중재를 제공하였으며, 산후 6주와 3개월에 다시 두 군 모두 가정방문을 통해 자료를 수집하고 실험군에는 중재를 제공하였다. 결과 실험군과 대조군의 영아돌보기 자신감에 대한 그룹과 시간 간의 상호작용 효과가 유의하여 실험군은 대조군보다 퇴원 후 5일 이내의 사전조사에 비해 산후 6주와 3개월 영아돌보기 자신감이 유의하게 더 증가하였다. 또한 실험군은 대조군보다 산후 3개월 영아 발달에 필요한 양육환경을 더 긍정적으로 조성하였으며 생후 6주와 3개월의 영아기질을 더 긍정적으로 인식하였다. 그러나 산후우울과 남편의 지지는 두 군 간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론 본 연구를 통해 결혼이민자 산모에 대한 가정방문 간호중재 프로그램이 영아돌보기와 양육환경 조성에 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 현재 진행하고 있는 맞춤형 방문건강관리사업에서 결혼이민자 산모에 대한 중재 프로그램을 활성화할 것을 제언한다.

• 기록학연구
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• 제59호
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• pp.207-275
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• 2019

서울시자살예방센터(자살유족지원팀)와 자살유족 기록작업을 같이 했다. 자살유족지원팀은 자살유족의 심리지원을 위한 자조모임을 운영하고 있었다. 자조모임은 자살유족들이 모여 앉아 대화를 나누며 고통을 나누는 자리이다. 자조모임이 어느 정도 진행되자 모임에서 리더역할을 수행하는 성원들이 생겼다. 이들이 모여서 글을 쓰는 에세이 모임을 구성했다. 아들을 먼저 보낸 아버지(2명), 딸을 먼저 보낸 엄마(2명), 아들을 먼저 보낸 엄마(1명), 남편을 먼저 보낸 아내(1명). 이렇게 6명의 사람들이었다. 에세이 모임은 사직공원 앞에 자리를 잡은 한 공간에서 매주 만났다. 한쪽 벽면 전체를 차지하는 창문으로는 저녁이 들어오고 있었다. 낮에 있었던 일들은 지는 해를 따라 갔다. 10명(에세이 모임 6명, 자살유족지원팀 3명, 임상역사가 1명)이 탁자를 가운데 두고는 빙 둘러 앉았다. "자, 이제 무엇을 해야 할까?" 자살유족 기록작업은 2013~2014년에 있었다. 교육적으로 중요하고 특수한 환자의 임상사례를 학회, 잡지에 보고하는 것을 의학에서는 증례(證例. case report)라고 한다. 자살유족들과 같이 했던 기록작업을 증례로 소개하는 형식을 취해 정리했다. 증례 형식을 취한 것은 기록을 말하기 위해서는 인간을 말해야 하고, 인간을 말하기 위해서는 기록에 대해 말해야 하는 '인간과 기록의 상관성'이 중요하다고 보기 때문이다. 자살유족 기록작업에 대한 글이 이런 상관성에 대한 논의를 하는 데에 단초가 될 수 있다고 본다. 몇 년의 시간이 지났다. 당시 상황을 기록하는 데 필요한 객관적 거리가 확보되었을까? 그건 자신할 수 없지만, 작업의 과정과 방법을 서술하면서 '일상의 기록생산'에 대해 말해본다. 나아가 기록과 기록의 의미(인간)에 관한 몇 가지 단상을 말해본다. 1장에서는 기록의 출처를 다루었다. 그것은 기록하는 사람은 누구인가, 또는 누가 기록하는가 하는 것이다. 기록이 무엇인가 보다는 기록하는 사람은 누구인가 하는 물음이 앞서야 할 것 같다. 2장은 기록하는 형식에 관한 논의로 무엇을 위해 기록하는가, 무엇을 기록화 대상으로 삼는가, 어떤 기록형식이 필요한가 하는 것을 다뤘다. 3장과 4장은 일종의 기록방법론일 수 있는데, 3장에서는 쓰기, 4장에서는 대화를 다뤘다. 5장에서는 기록을 수용하는 의례를 다뤘다. 3개월이든 1년이든 자신이 기록했던 시간을 어떻게 수용하며 그 의미는 무엇일까 하는 것이다. 6장에서는 논의의 지평을 넓혀 일상의 기록생산, 일상적 아카이브를 다뤘다.

• 모자간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 1994

The purposes of this study were to identify responses of nursing students following clinical maternity nursing practice, to develop data of further effective clinical maternity nursing practice, to understand nursing students perceive the natural maturation process toward pregnancy delivery and puerperal process, to help the nursing students achieve personality growth and development through clinical maternity nursing practice. The subjects were 35 senior nursing students from the Department of Nursing Science of Chung-Ang University. The data were collected from the 1st semester (Feb.22$\sim$June 9) to the 2nd semester(Aug.23$\sim$Nov.10), 1993 through self-reporting using an open ended questionnaire about perception and feelings regarding the normal delivery process. The data analysis used descriptive method. Results of the study were as follows : 1. Following clinical practice in maternity nursing, the responses of the nursing students were collected included both positive and negative aspects. The positive responses were classified in to four categories and each category included subgroups. One group, labelled as $\ulcorner$The birth of noble life$\lrcorner$ had a subgroup, (I felt the mystery and wonder of life), another group, $\ulcorner$After delivery, comfort and satisfaction$\lrcorner$ with the subgroup (I can bear to see the comfort and relief beyond pain) (C/S is better than vaginal delivery) (Very easy), the 3rd group, $\ulcorner$ I realized family friendship and support$\lrcorner$ with subgroup (Honorable, Magnificient) (I thank my parents ) (It's good to looking at my husband's support), and the 4th group, $\ulcorner$The birth of a healthy baby$\lrcorner$, with its subgroup, (baby looks pretty and healthy). 2. The negative responses were classified in eight categories and each category included subgroups. One group labelled as $\ulcorner$Fear$\lrcorner$, had subgroups of (Terrible, Horrible) (Shock) (Dread), another group, $\ulcorner$Tension$\lrcorner$, and its subgroup, (I became tense about stories heard before clinical practice), the 3rd group, $\ulcorner$surprise$\lrcorner$ and its subgroup (I was surprised at the delivery process), the 4th group, $\ulcorner$Power lessness$\lrcorner$ and its subgroup, (I watched the labor pain impatiently), the 5th group $\ulcorner$Apathy$\lrcorner$ ; and its subgroup, (I didn't feel the empathy for the labor pain of the pregnant women), the 6th group, $\ulcorner$Disgust$\lrcorner$ and its subgroup, (Disgust, Embarrassed), the 7th group, $\ulcorner$Inevitable destiny$\lrcorner$ and its subgroups (necessity of self-sacrifice and difficulty) (I accepted it as a women's destiny) (I can't do it), the last group, $\ulcorner$There seems to be trouble$\lrcorner$ and its subgroup, (It seems to have been a little too hard for mother and baby). Suggestions for further studies are as follows : 1. Nursing students should receive intensive education about $\ulcorner$The birth of noble life$\lrcorner$ $\ulcorner$After delivery, comfort and satisfaction$\lrcorner$ $\ulcorner$I realized family friendship and support$\lrcorner$ $\ulcorner$The birth of a healthy baby$\lrcorner$, so that a more positive attitude can be developed before clinical maternity nursing. 2. Nursing students should be given an orientation which is reality based and related clinical maternity nursing (using for A.V. Materials), so that they will not feel they tension, of the negative categories. 3. Nursing students should be received articles on Pain Relief Method, so that they will be prepared activie and positive in the clinical practice, and therefore they will not feel the powerlessness, of the negative categories. 4. F/U for responses of nursing students should be checked following clinical maternity nursing to evaluate the effects of the instruction.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.288-301
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• 2003

In order to obtain baseline data for the development of an educational program on breastfeeding, a survey was carried out to investigate infant feeding practices, the characteristics the subjects have in common, and the factors that influence the feeding methods among women in Seoul and the Chungbuk area. Subjects included 671 lactating mothers who visited public health centers or pediatric clinics between December 1999 and February 2000, and were interviewed using a questionnaire. The results were as follows : With respect to feeding methods, the incidence of breastfeeding, formula feeding, mixed feeding and formula feeding switched from breastfeeding was 20.6%, 29.8%, 11.6%, and 38.0%, respectively. With respect to the characteristics the subjects had in common, the incidence of women who planned their infants' feeding methods before pregnancy, during pregancy, and after delivery was 48.7%, 31.0％, and 20.3%, respectively. The incidence of women who started breastfeeding in the hospital after delivery was 38.8％. About seventy seven percet of the subjects had not previously attended an educational program on breastfeeding, and most of these wanted to participate in the future in an educational program to learn about breastfeeding. Some of the topics they were interested in were“Nutritional Management for Sufficient Breast Milk”(60.3%),“Breast Care”(25.0%), and“Correct Nursing Positions”(9.8%). Most (88.2%) of the women who breastfeed suffered from physical discomforts including discomfort of the waist, and legs and discomfort due to cracked or sore nipples. “Insufficient breast milk”was the main reason for breastfeeding cessation or for switching to formula feeding. With respect to formula feeding practices, the main reasons for selecting a specific brand of formula were“the same brand the hospital used after delivery”(34.3%) and“an advertised brand”(23.3%). The strongest factor for promoting breastfeeding was“the support of husband or parents”, next were “breastfeeding in the hospital after delivery”and“planning to breastfeed before pregnancy”in that order. The characteristics the subjects had in common relating to formula feeding were“mother's job”,“high economic level”,“Caesarian section”and “planning to breastfeed after delivery”. In conclusion, it is recommended that breastfeeding be pro-moted, and educational programs be developed and offered as soon as possible to each group which had unfavorable attitudes toward breastfeeding. In addition, the monitoring and supervision of formula advertisements is required to protect consumers from the adverse effects of exaggerated advertising.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.253-269
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• 1996

This descriptive study was done to investigate the proportion of mothers breast feeding and identify factors which influence breast feeding. The subjects were 320 mother who child under five years of age, living in WonJu and their children who numbered 530. Data collection was conducted at various places in the WonJu area using survey questionnaire. The results were as follows : 1. The proportion of children receiving breast feeding was 23.3%, mixed feeding 31.7%, milk feeding 45.1%. The most frequent duration for breast feeding was one month, the mean duration was six months. 2. The major reasons for breast feeding were for the health of the child 52.5%, for emotional attachment with the child 34.2%, and as the expected way of feeding 29.5%. 3. The major reasons for interrupting breast feeding were jobs 26.1%, illness of the child or mother 16.1% abnormality of the breast of nipple 12.7% others 31%. 4. The major reasons for quitting breast feeding were insufficient breast milk 34.5%, job 19.6%, diarrhea in the child 9.9%. 5. The factors influencing breast feeding were educational status and the presence of a job. 6. The husband's attitude to breast feeding was very positive 82.3% and the subjects were supported by their mothers and husbands. But the major information sources about breast feeding were the mass media 30.4% and relatives 22.0%. 7. The breast feeding mother reported experiencing positive and satisfactory feelings, but the milk feeding mother reported experiencing negative and guilt feelings. Also the breast feeding mothers perceived their children as very healthy with a stable emotional status. The results showed the breast feeding ratio in WonJu to be very low and problematic and the subject mothers strongly need information about breast feeding and support while breast feeding. Therefore it is recommended that an education program for community women and other people, like husbands, and grandmothers, be developed along with an education program for university students and other young people to provide them with preparatory information as they begin to think about marriage and families.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.107-121
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• 1973

As Korean society of today is rapidly changing, the value system which has been traditionally accepted in the family ought to undergo inevitable changes. This paper aims at investigating and analyzing the prevalent value system of the family and the degree to which it is changing in the middle-class families in Seoul. Particular attention has been paid in this paper to the relationship between a married women and her mother-in-law. The conclusion at which this paper has arrived are as follows : (1) more than the half of both married women and their mothers-in-law of the middle class in Seoul feel satisfaction for the family life ; yet the rest who have responded in terms of "average" seem in fact to feel unsatisfactory in their marriage, even though they do not specifically regard themselves "unhappy" ; (2) generally, married women, including their mothers-in-law, prefer the independent, autonomous household management ; (3) both married women and their mothers-in-law wish to live independently but the former prefer the living-together with their mothers-in-law ; (4) married women plan to support economically the parents-in-law more than the latter want to be supported ; (5) the relationship between the parents-in-law and the married women is regarded as "good" by 62% of the former while the latter in 41% only see it in "good" terms, which indicates actually their unhappy psychological state ; (6) married women in general dislike their husband's sisters in comparison with their mothers-in-law, which seems to betray the commonly accepted view that married women go worst off with their mothers-in-law ; (7) the absolute majority of women, whether a parent and her son's wife, believe that the maintenance of a good relationship between families is essential to the happiness of marriage ; (8) surprisingly, a great majority of married women whichever their side may be think that no interference with their children's home is better ; (9) more than a half of mothers-in-law expect their son's wife to live distance from her own parents ; (10) married women believe that the good cause for a better marriage lies in mutual understanding and help exchangeable between them and their mothers-in-law. This investigation has shown, to be sure, some of the salient problems in family relations which will certainly encourage further attempts to study.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.15-29
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to explore ethnic socialization enacted by Japanese marriage migrant women currently raising 7- to 18-year-old children in Korea. To accomplish this goal, we examined the following research questions: (1) What is the level of ethnic socialization enacted by Japanese marriage migrant mothers? (2) Does the level of ethnic socialization vary by demographic and ethnocultural factors? (3) To what extent do demographic and ethnocultural factors influence the enactment of ethnic socialization by Japanese marriage migrant mothers? The sample consisted of 243 Japanese marriage migrant women currently raising 7- to 18-year-old children in Korea. For data analysis, T-test, correlation, ANOVA, and hierarchical regression analyses were used. Also, we performed separate analyses for two subtypes of ethnic socialization in particular, namely cultural socialization and preparation for bias. Ethnocultural factors examined in this study were the level of discrimination experience, Japanese ethnic identity, and husbands' ethnic orientation in childrearing. The main results of this study were as follows. First, results showed that Japanese marriage migrant women enacted moderate levels of cultural socialization and preparation for bias. Second, Japanese marriage migrant women's cultural socialization and preparation for bias were both positively related to the levels of women's discrimination experience and Japanese ethnic identity. Also, the younger the age of the firstborn child, the more preparation for bias these women performed. In addition, women whose Korean husbands wanted to raise their children more biculturally performed more cultural socialization compared to those with Korean husbands who wanted to raise their children as Korean. Third, hierarchical regression analyses revealed that women's discrimination experience and ethnic identity positively predicted both types of ethnic socialization. Also, Korean husband's bicultural orientation towards childrearing predicted a higher level of cultural socialization by Japanese marriage migrant women. Results of this study provide basic information about ethnic socialization among multicultural families in Korea, which can be useful for promoting positive self-identity among multicultural children. Furthermore, the results suggest that husbands' support and cooperation in ethnic socialization can be crucial for marriage migrant women to socialize their children utilizing their cultural and experiential resources.

• 한국인구학
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.179-209
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• 2011

본 연구는 한국보건사회연구원의 "2009년도 전국 결혼 및 출산 동향 조사" 패널자료를 활용하여 20~44세에 이르는 2,678명의 미혼 남녀(남 1,425명, 여 1,253명)가 생각하는 이상적인 일 가정 양립 방안, 성역할 태도 및 저출산 원인에 대한 견해 등을 성별 및 교육정도에 따라 알아보고 이들 사이의 관계를 탐색적으로 분석해 보았다. 이를 통해 향후 저출산 문제 해결을 위해 미혼 남녀들의 일 가정 양립을 어떻게 지원할 것이며, 이 과정에서 미혼 남녀의 성역할 태도가 어떻게 변화되어야 할 것인가를 유추해 보고자 했다. 연구결과를 정리하면, 첫째, 이상적인 일 가정 양립 방안은 미혼자의 성별에 따라 차이가 없었으나 교육정도에 따라서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 드러났다. 둘째, 이상적인 일 가정 양립방안과 부부 성역할 태도 및 성별 간 관계에 있어서는 여성에 비해 남성이 '남성은 직장, 여성은 가사'를 더 찬성했으며, 전일제일 보다 시간제 일을 선호하는 미혼자들이 '남성은 직장, 여성은 가사' 방안에 대한 찬성이 높았다. '남편의 자녀 돌봄 능력'에 대해서는 여성이 남성보다 그리고 2자녀를 두고 전일제로 일하겠다는 미혼자가 1자녀를 두고 전일제로 일하겠다는 미혼자에 비해 높은 평가를 보였다. 셋째, 두 자녀 이상을 두고 전일제로 일하고자 하는 미혼 남녀가 저출산 문제를 가장 심각하게 받아들이고 있었다. 넷째, 저출산 이유로 가장 높은 동의를 보인 것은 '양육비와 교육비용'이었으며 다음으로 '주택마련의 어려움'과 '취업여성의 증가'였다. "취업여성의 증가"를 저출산의 원인으로 여기는 정도는 남성보다 여성이 높게 나타났으며, 무자녀로 전일제 일하는 것을 원하는 미혼자들에게서 이러한 성향이 두드러지게 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 통해 일 가정 양립방안과 성역할 태도에 대한 기본적인 이해를 높일 뿐만 아니라 저출산 문제에 대한 정책적 개입방향을 제시하고자 하였다.