• Journal of architectural history
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 1995

This study aims 1) to estimate the form of living house of pre-urbanization of Inchon, and 2) to ensure originality of to be achieve urban plan and living space plan which is base on local character by 3) arranging changed character of living space through the urbanization sequence by invest of house in natural village at Pupyung. The character of arranging living space of house at Pupyung is placing Sarang-chae(husband's block of house) instead of making another Haenrang-chae (visitor's block of house) and Sarang-chae is attach importance to Man's living space but today, have disappearing the uses of Sarang-bang (husband's living space) because by Man lives An-bang(originally woman's space). The character of plan is arranging room in both side of Maru(wooden living floor) in spite of different structure, and the uses of plan or room is changing to fit to purpose of according to environment of living. Generally, the structure is made by natural stone and cubed column, and used smaller member cause by rare wood material.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.79-92
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• 1994

The objectives of this study were to examine whether there were differences in family cohesion and adaptability perceived by married women when socio-demographic variables authority patterns and sex-role attitudes changed. Dividing the family system type into two parts by the levels of cohesion and adaptability then collected data were examined to test curviliner and linear hypothesis. The subjects were 542 married women living in Pusan. The guestionnaires included FACES III Authority Pattern and Sex-role attitude scales. The data were analyzed with statistical methods such as Frequency Distribution Percentile Mean T-test and X2-test. The major findings were as follows: 1) The levels of family cohesion and family adaptability perceived by married women were high. 2) There were no significant statistical differences in the levels of socio-demographic variables Authority pattern Sex-role attitude among the groups of family system type I based on the curvilinear hypothesis but significant statistical differences were found in preferred variables among the groups of family system type II based on the linear hypothesis. 3) Among the socio-demographic variables family type religion and husband's educational level were significantly correlated with the groups of family system type II,. The percentiles of HH(the levels of cohesion and adaptability were high) families were high when the married women's sex-role attitudes leaned toward modern and authority patterns were husband-dominant.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.85-99
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• 1995

The major purpose of this research was to investigate the causal relationships among working wives' work-family conflict, socialization of housework, and home management satisfaction. the double ABCX model of family stress and adaptation provided the theoretical framework for this study. the data were recruited from working wives who had more than one pre-school child. The respondents were asked to complete the self-administered questionnaires, and the responses of 536 working wives were used for the final analysis. basically Cronbach's α to the reliability of major variables, frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviation, pearson's correlation coefficients, and LISREL 7 program were performed to test the research model. The results of this study can be summarized as follows : 1. The frequency of work-family conflict was affected by the flexibility of work time and wives' income. 2. The severity of wok-family conflict was directly influenced by the frequency of the conflict, the flexibility of work-time, and wives' education level. 3. The variables influencing the degree of socialization of housework were found to be the frequency and the severity of work-family conflict, wives' education, and the degree of husband's participation in housework. 4. The higher degree of home management satisfaction was associated with the higher level of family member's health status, the greater degree of the flexibility of work-time, and the greater degree of husband's participation in household labor.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.53-68
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to clarify the influence of positive interactions between the low-income female householders and children on the mothers'psychological well-being and quality of life. The major findings are as following: First, there were high level of life satisfaction and low level of depression among the low-income female householders who perceived high level of children's emotional support. The difference from the existence of the low-income female householder\`s husband was not found in the life satisfaction and depression. After controling for the low-income female householder's health, the differences were maintained. Second, the low-income female householders who communicated with their children open-heartedly felt higher level of life satisfaction and lower level of depression than those who had less communication with their children. The difference from the existence of the low-income female householder's husband was not found in the life satisfaction and depression. After controlling for the low-income female householder\`s educational level and health, the differences were maintained. finally, the low-income female householders felt higher level of life satisfaction and lower level of depression when they listened to their children closely, and were satisfied with mother-child communication.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.83-96
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• 2008

Using a sample of 107 married couples, this study investigated the influence of self-reported argument-communication behaviors on marital satisfaction. The results were as follows. (a) Wives used more criticism, contempt, and self-assertion during marital arguments than husbands. There were no significant gender differences in the levels of defensiveness, stonewalling, and active listening. (b) Multilevel analyses indicated that marital satisfaction was predicted by the person's own level of self-assertion and stonewalling(i.e., actor effects) and by his or her spouse's level of stonewalling(i.e., partner effect). No other significant actor and partner effects were found. Also, there were no significant gender differences in the sizes of effects. (c) A cluster analysis of both spouses' communication behaviors during marital arguments identified four distinct groups of married couples. : mutual constructive, husband constructive-wife destructive, husband destructive-wife constructive, and mutual destructive. Mutual constructive couples reported the best marital satisfaction.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.416-426
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• 2007

The purposes of this descriptive survey study were to describe antenatal depression and level of mother-fetal interaction, and to assess mother's behavior and feeling during mother-fetal interaction, in order to develop a base for nursing intervention programs for mothers who have antenatal depression. Method: Data were collected from 174 pregnant women who visited one public health center and OBGY clinic in Gangneung city. The instrument used for this study was a self-report questionnaire to identify depression (BDI), and mother-fetal interaction. Results: Of the mothers 63.2% were in the normal range for antenatal depression, 21.3% in the mild group and 15.5% were in the moderate to severe group. For antenatal depression, there were significant differences among the income, planned pregnant, health status, marriage satisfaction, family support, husband's love. The mean for mother-fetal interaction was $29.88{\pm}4.91$. For mother-infant interaction, there were significant differences in education, income, pregnant number, delivery number, feeding plan, marriage satisfaction, family support, husband's love. There was a weak correlations between antenatal depression and mother-fetal interaction but it did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Antenatal depression and mother-fetal interaction influence fetal development. It is essential to assess and provide immediate care to mothers who have antenatal depression and lower level mother-fetal Interaction.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.187-199
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to understand the weekend couples' type of residence, and to identify the factors to determine their major living place. Specifically, this study dealt with the weekend couples' psychological costs and rewards when they live apart in weekdays. The data were collected from 33 married couples from 2002 June to July about their family life history. The major findings of this study were summarized as follows: 1) the type of living together ; husband living apart on weekdays, wife living apart on weekdays, wife and child living apart on weekdays, living multi-residence. The majority of them were the type of husband living apart on weekdays. 2) children's care and education were an important factor in a couple's decision 3) weekend couples' psychological costs were such as difficulties of children's care, very fatiguing, shortage of time, and emotional isolation. In spite of all these costs, weekend couples still maintain their separate living arrangements during the week. They felt different kind of psychological costs by the type of living together. 4) psychological rewards were professional success, self-fulfillment, plenty of time to use purposely, and weekenders' relationships to their spouses might seem better than before. Socialization of child-care and household-labor are important factors to reduce psychological costs for the all weekend couples.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.205-216
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• 2011

Unequal distribution of shares among children during intergenerational transference of assets has been prevalent in Korea. This study intends to examine whether parental contribution, in the form of a cash gift, is differentiated between the bride's side and the bridegroom's side at marriage and by age group. This pattern may also change according to the generation. Questionnaires were equally distributed to members of three previously delineated age groups: 20' s-30' s, 40's -50's, and 60's and above who are married or have been married at least once and reside in Seoul or Gyeonggi province. A total of 700 questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS and the data were sorted by age group. The results indicate an apparent difference between the husband's side and the wife's side in providing funding for housing at marriage in that a large portion of the funding is provided by the husband's side. Among various funding sources, a cash gift from the couple's parents appears to fund the largest portion of the total cost for housing and marriage. Results show that a cash gift from the couple's parents funds a larger portion of housing expenses for younger generations, a phenomenon that becomes more severe and apparent the younger the couple is.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.40
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• pp.68-96
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• 2000

Parental leave in Sweden is a part of the health insurance in national social insurance system. It has two kinds of benefits. One is parental cash benefit paid for both husband and wife on the occasion of child birth, currently 450days for each child. The other is temporary parental cash benefit when a child under the age of twelve or a caretaker for him is illness, which is six months for a child a year. Parental insurance in Sweden permits parents to take care of their children just after birth at home with the amount of 80% of monthly income for 360 days and 60 Swedish krone each day for 90 days more. It also permits parents with children under the age of eight of part-time work and return to former job at full-time base when they want. It consequently encourages women's economic activity in her whole life and contributes to promotion of equality in sex roles between husband and wife. This insurance scheme is beneficient in that it enhances individual and family welfare and also secures labour force. This case study on Swedish parental insurance offers implication how to resolve the conflict between women's increased demand for economic activity and maternal role.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.117-131
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• 2003

This study were looked for the common patterns of dual-earner couples' parental role conflicts, psychological well-being and the variables that influence their psychological well-being. The data of this study were collected from 265 dual-earner couples, and were analyzed using frequencies, percentage, means, Pearson's correlation, Cronbach's alpha, one-way ANOVA, Duncan test. multiple regression. The major finding are summarized in the following. (1) In general, the wives 'level of parental role conflict was higher than the husbands'. There was no significant differences between husbands and wives in terms of psychological well-being and life, but wives' depression was greater than husbands'. (2) As for the variables that affected parental role conflict, income, the age of the first job satisfaction, work adjustment, parenting satisfaction, parenting participation by the husband, the level of child care expenses, and cognitive assessment of mother employment were found to be significant. (3) For both husbands and wives, psychological well-being was positively related to income, education level, job satisfaction, level of job importance, work adjustment, parenting satisfaction, parenting participation by the husband, cognitive assessment of mother employment. (4) Couples' psychological well-being was influenced by job satisfaction and parental role conflict.