• Title/Summary/Keyword: Hungary

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Transgenic Strategy to Improve Stress Resistance of Crop Plants

  • Horvath, Gabor V.;Oberschall, Attila;Deak, Maria;Sass, Laszlo;Vass, Imre;Barna, Balazs;Kiraly, Zoltan;Hideg, Eva;Feher, Attila
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.61-68
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    • 1999
  • Rapid accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their toxic reaction products with lipids and proteins significantly contributes to the damage of crop plants under biotic and abiotic stresses. We have identified several stress activated alfalfa genes, including the gene of the alfalfa ferritin and a novel NADPH-dependent aldose/aldehyde reductase enzyme. Transgenic tobacco plants that synthesize alfalfa ferritin in vegetative tissues-either in its processed form in chloroplast or in the cytoplasmic non-processed form-retained photosynthetic function upon free radical toxicity generated by paraquat treatment and exhibited tolerance to necrotic damage caused by viral and fungal infections. We propose that by sequestering intracellular iron involved in generation of the very reactive hydroxyl radicals through a Fenton reaction, ferritin protects plant cells from oxidative damage. Our preliminary results with the other stress-inducable alfalfa gene (a NADPH-dependent aldo-keto reductase) indicate, that the encoded enzyme may play role in the stress response of the plant cells. These studies reveal new pathways in plants that can contribute to the increased stress resistance with a potential use in crop improvement.

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The Expansion Strategy for the New Route between Korea and Hungary (한-헝가리 간의 신물류 확대전략)

  • Seo, Dae-Sung
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.12 no.6
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    • pp.59-65
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    • 2014
  • Purpose - The competitiveness of logistics in the 21st century rests on ensuring the efficiency and effectiveness of its local hub. While considering entry into a niche market in local logistics, it is pertinent to note that Budapest is emerging as a hub in EU enlargement in Eastern Europe. Big, small, and medium-sized businesses in Korea entered Hungary in the early 1990s since then, there has been a significant increase in Korean presence, of approximately 130 times. This study aimed to identify the key distribution issues that have emerged in relation to Eastern Europe. Research design, data, and methodology - This study indicates that 33 major Korean companies were located in Hungary, which serves as an out post to enter the European marketplace. However, Korea's exports to Hungary have declined (-32.0% in 2012) because of a loss of competitiveness against multinational corporations, due to factors such as the rise in current local distribution costs and wages. Hungary, on the other hand, through diversification and expansion of foreign trade with the non-EU markets, including Korea, is increasing its exports. Strategies of emerging countries are compared and reviewed in this study, by examining the vicissitudes of Hungary's distribution methods. Results - There are issues regarding Hungary's innovative ability. Hungary has a history of low wages and high skilled labor. However, the outflow of high-quality human resources for high-wages has become more extensive, and this underlines concerns that the CEE's trade hub is moving to neighboring countries. After the European financial crisis in 2010, the Hungarian economy is now developing, because of the IMF's measures, and it is being transformed into a trade surplus nation, while regaining distribution volumes rapidly. However, if there is continued lack of investment, the supply chain is weakened and exports decline amidst competition with TNCs or with China's distribution networks. Conclusions - It is necessary to create a new logistics approach for increasing trade between Korea and Hungary. First, Korean small and medium enterprises (SMEs) should build trust by working with advanced Hungarian talent, and they should expand into state-of-the-art fields instead of being confined to traditional sectors. Second, this study focuses on limiting and lowering their high expectations for success according to foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and the role in the CEE distribution hub Korea should try to strengthen the distribution hub with its centralized population, using better, more highly educated human resources, thereby sustaining more innovative ability. Further, the positive effects of these measures are manifested in enhanced business on both sides of Hungary, namely, the EU and non-EU nations such as Turkey and emerging markets around Europe, and a better engagement in the core placement of culture and industry. For this, Korea can contribute to, and benefit from, a Hungarian logistics center, for adopting the high-tech cluster systems and commercializing distribution technology such as RFID·USN.

Tissue Culture of Stone Fruit Plants Basis for Their Genetic Engineering

  • Csanyi, Marta;Wittner, Anita;Nagy, Agenes;Balla, Ildiko;Vertessy, Judit;Palkovics, Laszlo;Balazs, Eevin
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.91-95
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    • 1999
  • Genetic engineering of stone fruit species like apricot, plum, peach and cherry are hampered by the inefficient and low-level regeneration processes in tissue culture. The first transgenic stone fruit species have emerged from transformed hypocotyls. These great achievements were applauded by the scientific community contrary the fact that hypocotyl derived transgenic plants have no real brooding value. Tissue culture of different organs of valuable cultivars are recorded with an extremely low-level of regeneration in the literature. To improve the tissue culture basis of stone fruit plants an extensive tissue culture programme were launched and dozens of different media were compared including a series of hormone concentration in the tissue culture systems. Our continuous efforts were crowned by a very efficient method for achieving up to 30-40% regenerable petioles. Usually on a single petiole several well-separated meristems were induced. After 3-4 weeks of cultivation shoots were developed. The basic media $K_2$ were supplemented with 10g/L saccharose, 10g/L glucose and 10g/L maltose. The following plant hormones were used BAP 1mg/L, TDZ 1mg/L, 2-iP 1mg/L and IAA 0,1 mg/L concentrations. The Petri dishes were kept for 3 weeks in dark at a temperature 22$^{\circ}C$ for 8 hours and 22-24$^{\circ}C$ for 16 hours. The Petri dishes were sealed with Parafilm. The regeneration of the petioles were genotype independent and we were able to regenerate different plum cultivars with almost the same efficiency.

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Methods for Introduction of the Atmospheric Nitrogen Fixing Ability to Plants

  • PreiningerE;BokaK;ZatykoJ;KoranyiP;GyurjanI
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.31-38
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    • 1999
  • An artificial symbiosis was established between diazotropic Azomonas insignis and strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa). The partnership was created by in vitro techniques through callus induction and organogenesis. The basis of this partnerships is the bacterial dependence on the plants metabolic activity, using maltose in the medium as a carbon and energy source which can be utilized by the plant cells only. The presence of bacteria in the intercellular spaces of the callus tissues and regenerated plants was proven by microscopic techniques. Nitrogenase activity could also be detected in the plant tissues. For successful and high frequency introduction of bacteria to the plant tissues, biolistic gun method was used. On the basis of the DNA transfer method, Azotobacter vinelandii bacteria were delivered directly into strawberry tissues by the particle bombardment. This was the first use of living bacteria as microprojectils for bombardment of plant tissues. The treatment was successful, the presence of bacteria in the developing callus tissue and regenerated plants were detected by light and electron microscopy.

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Current Status of Wheat Transformation

  • Rakszegi, Marrian;Tamas, Cecilia;Szucs, Peter;Tamas, Laszlo;Bedo, Zoltan
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.67-81
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    • 2001
  • Traditionally, genetic variability is generated by an extensive crossing program, which is complemented by strict selection to identify useful new recombinants. Plant biotechnology offers many opportunities for breeders to solve certain breeding problems at the molecular level. The tissue culture methodology and the genetic modification of economically important monocotyledons have undergone a revolution in the last decade. As the production of transgenic plants is a complex procedure, including the uptake of DNA molecules into the cells, the integration of foreign nucleotide sequences into the host genomic DNA and the expression of new genes in a controlled way, and as there are still many unsolved questions, further development is necessary. The methodology opens up the possibility of introducing novel genes that may induce resistance to diseases and abiotic stresses, allow the modification of dough quality and the dietetic quality of proteins, and increase the levels of micronutrients such as iron, zinc, and vitamins. In the present review, the authors would like to summarise the most important advances in wheat transformation.

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Optimized Protocols for Efficient Plant Regeneration and Gene Transfer in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

  • Mihalka, Virag;Fari, Miklos;Szasz, Attila;Balazs, Ervin;Nagy, Istvan
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.2 no.3
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    • pp.143-149
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    • 2000
  • An Efficient in vitro regeneration system and an optimized Agrobacterium mediated transformation protocol are described, based on the use of young seedling cotyledons of Capsicum annuum L. Optimal regeneration efficiency can be obtained by cultivating cotyledon explants on media containing 4 mg/L benzyladenine and 0.1 mg/L indolacetic acid. The effect of antibiotics used to eliminate Agrobacteria, as well as the toxic level of some generally used selection agents (kanamycin, geneticin, hygromycin, phosphinotricin and methotrexate) in regenerating pepper tissues were determined. To enable the comparison of different selection markers in identical vector background, a set of binary vectors containing the marker genes for NPTII, HPT, DHFR and BAR respectively, as well as the CaMV 35S promoter/enhancer-GUS chimaeric gene was constructed and introduced into four different Agrobacterium host strains.

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Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of Angus herds in Hungary and analyses of their production traits

  • Judit Marton;Ferenc Szabo;Attila Zsolnai;Istvan Anton
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.184-192
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    • 2024
  • Objective: This study aims to investigate the genetic structure and characteristics of the Angus cattle population in Hungary. The survey was performed with the assistance of the Hungarian Hereford, Angus, Galloway Association (HHAGA). Methods: Genetic parameters of 1,369 animals from 16 Angus herds were analyzed using the genotyping results of 12 microsatellite markers with the aid of PowerMarker, Genalex, GDA-NT2021, and STRUCTURE software. Genotyping of DNA was performed using an automated genetic analyzer. Based on pairwise identity by state values of animals, the Python networkx 2.3 library was used for network analysis of the breed and to identify the central animals. Results: The observed numbers of alleles on the 12 loci under investigation ranged from 11 to 18. The average effective number of alleles was 3.201. The overall expected heterozygosity was 0.659 and the observed heterozygosity was 0.710. Four groups were detected among the 16 Angus herds. The breeders' information validated the grouping results and facilitated the comparison of birth weight, age at first calving, number of calves born and productive lifespan data between the four groups, revealing significant differences. We identified the central animals/herd of the Angus population in Hungary. The match of our group descriptions with the phenotypic data provided by the breeders further underscores the value of cooperation between breeders and researchers. Conclusion: The observation that significant differences in the measured traits occurred among the identified groups paves the way to further enhancement of breeding efficiency. Our findings have the potential to aid the development of new breeding strategies and help breeders keep the Angus populations in Hungary under genetic supervision. Based on our results the efficient use of an upcoming genomic selection can, in some cases, significantly improve birth weight, age at first calving, number of calves born and the productive lifespan of animals.