• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.97-110
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• 2015

This study aimed to classify damaged lands, to find what are the damage factors affecting the studied area, and to present a prescription in order to provide some benefit for the restoration of Regional Ecological Network at Chungnam province. Finally we classified damaged lands from 1st to 4th damaged lands according to relative intensity of damage. The main damage factors for the First Damage Lands were humus horizon, soil hardness and plant species richness. In the Second Damage Lands, those were soil hardness, plant species richness, number of plants and dominant plant species. In the Third Damage Lands, those were humus horizon, soil hardness, plant species richness, number of plants and dominant plant species. In the Fourth Damage Lands, those were humus horizon, organic matter, soil hardness, EC, T-N content, plant species richness, number of plants and dominant plant species. In every cases, the damage of soil and vegetation was originated due to development carried out by human being. The changes in soil condition were not big enough for it to affect plant growth, however, degradation of vegetation was still severe.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제87권2호
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• pp.230-238
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• 1998

본 연구는 구상나무림(Abies koreana Wilson)의 현지본전(現地保全)을 위한 종합적 연구의 일부분으로서, 지리산(智異山) 반약봉(般若峰) 지역의 구상나무림에서 식생유형별(植生類型別) 유수발생현황(維樹發生現況)을 파악하고, 타감작용(他感作用)을 통한 추수형성저해(推樹形成沮害) 효과(效果)가 존재(存在)하는지 확인(確認)하기 위해, 직생구성(植生構成)과 추수발생(推樹發生)과의 관계, 잎조직과 토양부식질(土讓腐蝕質) 중의 수용성(水溶性) 추출물(抽出物)이 구상나무의 종자발아(種子發芽)와 외생균근균(外生菌根菌)의 호흡활성(呼吸活性)에 미치는 타감효과(他感效果)를 조사하였다. 1996년 5월부터 8월까지 반야봉 해발 1400~1700m의 지역에서 20개의 $10m{\times}10m$ 크기의 방형구를 설치하여, 천연하종량(天然下種量)과 식생(植生)을 조사하였다. TWINSPAN을 이용하여 구분된 식생류형별(植生類型別)로 토양 부식질을 채취하고, 현지에 출현빈도(出現頻度)가 높은 5종의 목본식물의 잎을 채취하여 타감작용 시험에 사용하였다. 부식질 중의 수용성(水溶性) 추출물(抽出物)은 HPLC를 사용하여 수용성 phenol화합물의 양을 정량(定量)하였다. TWINSPAN에 의한 분류분석 결과 조사지역의 구상나무림은 구상-미역줄, 구상-신갈, 구상-철쭉, 구상-산철쭉 군락으로 분류되었으며, 이 중 구상-신갈군락과 구상 철쭉 군락은 조릿대의 유무에 따라 하부군락(下部群落)으로 분류되었다. 조사지역의 구상나무의 천연하종량(天然下種量)은 1995년 9월~10월 사이에 $230,000{\pm}90,0000$립/ha이었고, 발아율(發芽率)은 25%이었다. 1996년에 조사된 표고 5cm이하 유묘(幼苗)의 밀도(密度)는 평균 52,000본/ha이었으나, 묘고 5cm이상의 유묘의 밀도는 4,000본/ha로 감소하였다. 유묘의 밀도는 식생유형별로 큰 차이를 보여서 구상-신갈-조릿대 군락의 유묘의 수는 구상-신갈-철쭉 군락의 7%에 불과하여, 조릿대로 인하여 급격히 감소하였다. 털진달래와 조릿대의 잎 추출물은 구상나무의 종자발아(種子發芽)를 유의(有意)하게 저해(沮害)하였으며, 구상-신갈-조릿대 군락의 부식질 추출물도 구상나무의 종자발아(種子發芽)를 81%까지 유의하게 저해하였고, 조사지에서 분리배양된 두 종의 외생균근균(外生菌根菌)중에서 젖버섯 균사의 호흡속도(呼吸速度)를 유의하게 19% 감소(減少)시켜서 조릿대에 타감효과(他感效果)가 있다고 생각된다. 구상 신갈 조릿대 군락의 부식질에서 7가지 수용성(水溶性) phen이 화합물을 추출하여 동정하였는데, 추출물 중에서 수용성 페놀화합물인 p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid가 유의하게 높았다. 특히 p-hydroxybenzoic acid는 조릿대 뿌리에 4.2ppm으로 존재하고, 조릿대 군락의 부식질에서 16.5ppm으로 발견되었으며, 종자발아 저해효과와 유의한 부(負)의 상관(相關)(r= -0.79, p<0.05)을 나타내어 주된 타감물질인 것으로 생각된다.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.169-179
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• 1998

This paper was performed to estimate interrelations between humus level of sediments and nutrient release from sediments in Dae-cheong reservoir. For investigations, sediments were sampled in June and October, in 1997 at fish farms, embayment, and the main stream of Dae-cheong reservoir. Items for investigation are as follows; water content, weight loss on ignition(IG), porosities of sediments, contents of element such as hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, and nutrient release rates. Water contents and porosities were measured to conjecture the physical trait and grain size trait. Weight loss on ignition was measured to determine the contents of organic substance. For determination of the humus level of sediments, carbon and nitrogen contents were measured by elemental analyzer. As a result of elemental analysis, C/N ratio was determined in the range of $3.0\~13.1$. From the elemental analysis, humus level of Dae-cheong reservoir sediment was estimated from mesohumic state to oligotrophic state. For the determination of nutrient release rate, $PO_4-P$ and $NH_4-N$ concentrations of interstitial water and overlying water were measured. By using the concentration difference between interstitial water and overlying water and using the Fick's diffusion law, the release rates of phosphorus and nitrogen from the sediment samples were calculated. Release rates of nutrients which directly influence to the water quality were $0.05\~8.63mgP/m^2day$ and $4.99\~36.56mgP/m^2day$. It was found that release rate was measured higher in the 1st sampling period than in the 2nd sampling period. For the determination of phosphorus content in sediment, TPs were measured in 807\~1542{\mu}g/g$ in the 1st samling period and $677\~5238{\mu}g/g$ in the End samling period. Phosphorus release rate and phosphorus content were not interrelated each other.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 1979

1. 인삼(人蔘)의 유기질비료(有機質肥料)(약토류, 낙엽류(落葉類), 골분(骨粉)) 질소성분(成分)을 그 용해성(溶解性), 형태(形態) 및 함량(含量)에 따라 분석(分析)함으로서 질소성분(成分)의 성상과 유효성에 대해 밝히고자 하였다. 2. 용해성(溶解性)(수용성(水溶性), 플빅산(酸)과 부식산(腐植酸)의 산가수분해성(酸加水分解性), 가성(苛性)소다액(液) 추출성(抽出性))에 따른 질소성분(成分)의 분별결과(分別結果)는 다음과 같다. 약토류는 휴민태(態)>산가수분해(酸加水分解)>비가수분해성(非加水分解性)>수용성(水溶性), 낙엽류(落葉類)는 산가수분해성(酸加水分解性)>휴민태(態)>수용성(水溶性)${\geq}$산비가수분해성(酸非加水分解性), 골분(骨粉)은 산가수분해성(酸加水分解性)${\gg}$수용성(水溶性)>산비가수분해성(酸非加水分解性)의 순(順)이었다. 3. 수용성(水溶性)질소의 형태분석(形態分析)은 약토류와 낙엽(落葉)경우 부식태(腐植態)>아미노태(態)>초산태(硝酸態)(약토류만)>암모니아태(態)>Hexosamine태(態)>아마이드태(態). 골분(骨粉)은 아미노태(態) 부식태(腐植態)>암모니아태(態)${\geq}$아마이드태(態)의 순(順)이었다. 산가수분해성(酸加水分解性)질소 경우, 아미노태(態)>부식태(腐植態)${\simeq}$암모니아태(態)>Hexosamine태(態)의 순(順)이었다. 4. 질소의 용해성별(溶解性別) 및 주요형태(主要形態)(아미노태(態), 부식태(腐植態) 무기태(無機態))의 유효성에 대해 고찰(考察)하였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.139-144
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• 1976

신개간지토양(新開墾地土攘)의 합리적(合理的)인 지력증진(地力增進) 개선방안(改善方案)을 구명(究明)하기 위(爲)하여 7종(種)의 토양개량방법(土壤改良方法)을 처리(處理)하고 대두(大豆)을 재배(栽培)하였던바 그결과를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 신개간지(新開墾地) 토양(土攘)에서는 pH가 낮고 유기물(有機物)과 인산(燐酸)은 물론 석회(石灰) 마그네슘등(等)의 염기가 부족(不足)하였다. 석회(石灰)와 용성인비(熔成燐肥)는 토양산도(土壤酸度)의 교정효과(校訂效果)가 컷으며 유기물(有機物)의 증가(增加)에 대해서는 퇴비(堆肥)의 효과(效果)가 가장 큰 것과 퇴비(堆肥)와 용성인비(熔成燐肥)는 토양중(土壤中)의 칼슘함량(含量)을 증가(增加)시키는 효과(效果)가 컷으며 석회(石灰) 용성인비(熔成燐肥) 퇴비(堆肥) 및 심경(深耕)모드가 토양중(土壤中)의 고토함량(苦土含量)을 현저(顯著)히 증가(增加)시켰다. 그리고 퇴비(堆肥)는 토양중(土壤中)의 가리함량(加里含量)을 증가(增加) 시키는 효과(效果)가 현저(顯著)하다. 석회용성인비(石灰熔成燐肥) 및 퇴비(堆肥)는 식물체내의 마그네슘함량(含量)의 증가(增加)에 현저(顯著)한 효과(效果)를 나타내었으며 석회(石灰) 및 용성인비(熔成燐肥)는 각각(各各) 종실중(種實重)의 증효효과(增效效果)가 컸다. 3요소(要素) 퇴비(堆肥) 및 석회시용(石灰施用)과 동시(同時)에 심경(深耕)을 실시(實施)한 구(區)에서 최고(最高)의 종실수량(種實收量)을 보였다. 종실수량(種實收量)은 토양산도(土壤酸度), 토양중(土壤中)의 유기물(有機物) 고토함량(苦土含量) 그리고 식물체내의 고토함량(苦土含量)과 현저(顯著)한 정(正)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 나타내었다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.510-518
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• 2012

경남 진주시 남강유역에서 채취한 퇴적물을 이용하여 홀로세 기후 변화를 연구하였다. 기후 변화를 해석하기 위해 휴무스와 토양유기탄소를 분석하였고, 퇴적물의 생성 연대를 파악하기 위해 OSL과 탄소연대측정을 하였다. 이 퇴적층의 형성 시기는 약 $10,000{\pm}100$ yr. BP 부터 약 $4,370{\pm}50$ yr. BP (2,970 BC) 사이에 해당된다. 퇴적층의 토색과 입도에 의해 5개의 층으로 구분하였고 각각의 기후 변화를 해석하였다. 전체 퇴적층의 기후는 대체로 온난한 것으로 해석된다. 5개의 퇴적층 중 I층은 최하부층, V층은 최상부층에 해당되며, 기온에 있어서 I, II 그리고 III구간에서는 상대적으로 냉량했던 추이가 감지되었다. 건습에 있어서는 II구간과 III구간이 상대적으로 건조하였던 것으로 파악된다. IV구간과 V구간은 상대적으로 온난하고 건조하였으며, IV구간은 전체 퇴적층 중 가장 온난한 경향을 보이고 있다. 또한 상대적으로 냉량하고 약습윤한 기후에서 토양의 총유기탄소값이 높게 나타나는 경향이 있다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.129-134
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• 1975

It was studied of relation between biomass of reed communities (Phragmitis communis) and several environmental factors concerned with such as chlor ine, pH, humus content in soil and depth of seawater submerged. Two sites where were the different geographical conditions were set up. One site had two plots: H plot, at theshallows of seawater, was not submerged except at full tide or at heavy rainfall, and M plot, at medium depth of seawater, submerged at every common tide at inside of a bank along the west seashore of Mu-An-peninsula. The other site also two plots: M' plot, at medium depth, submerged about 10 hours at each tide, and L plot, at deep seawater submerged every tims at tide at the outside of a bank along the eastside estuary of Youngsan river. Maximum standing crop of the reed community was shown on 25th of June: biomass at H M, M' and L plot were respectively 4.65, 3.60, 0.98, and 0.67 kg dry weight per $m^2$. Density of individual at H, M, M' and L plot was 67, 78, 244 and 333 plants per $m^2$. Net production of the terrestrial parts of rred community on the outside of the bank were lesser as much as a sixth than that on inside, but the density of the plant on outside of the bank was higher as much 4 or 5 times than that on inside. It was assumed that the growth of reed plant was inhibited by high chlorine, high pH, less humus in soil and submergence of seawater for long period.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.171-176
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• 1985

The structure of natural vegetation and soil condition in bog area of Woopo, Changnyeung, South Korea were observed. The vegetations in the investigated area could be classified into two groups; a typical bog vegetation with dominant species of Eleocharis mamillats, Acorus calamus and Persicaria hostatosagittata and the transitional vegetation of three neighboring areas. Interspecific correlation in the investigated area was very close. In the typical bog vegetatiion regions (region II, III, V, VI, VII, VIII and X) soil pH, field moisture capacity, available P content and exchangeable K were moderate. But, In the transitiional area I, with the highest humus content, field moisture capacity and exchangeable K Salix gracilistyla was dominant. In the region IV with the lowest humus and a ailable P content and with high soil pH Geophyta was a major component species. Also Acorus region IX with the lowest content of exchangeable K Therophyta was dominant and plant species was diverse due to weak water influence. The vegetation structure of the region IX was most different from that of the whole vegetation.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.104-111
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• 2001

There are some evidence that active enzymatic proteins, e.g. fungal laccase, exist in the naturally occured soil humus. This study was performed to investigate the covalent binding of fungal laccase to the humic acid-iron complex, and to measure laccase activity of immobilized ones. Seven methods were adopted to form the covalent binding of fungal laccase with soil humic acids complexed with iron. Using these seven methods it was possible to change the dimension of spacer arm between laccase and support, and also to regulate the mode of covalent binding of this enzyme. The spacer arm was regulated from 2C to 11C. There was not observed any straight relationship between the spacer arm longitude and the laccase activity after immobilization, but the binding mode more effective than the former. Three out of the seven methods gave the high activity of immobilized laccase, and which active products of laccase immobilization was stable up to 10 days after the process. It is indicated that natural soil condition might be prevented the laccase activation by the toxic influence of some phenolic humic compounds. It was shown, for the first time, the possibilities to obtain the high activity of fungal laccase by binding to humic acids, and especially in complex with iron.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.231-241
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• 1986

The annual decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose by microorganism and distribution of soil microbial flora were investigated in the humus horizon of a Pinus rigida stand in Mt. Kwanak. The cellulase activity was the lowest, 142$\mu$g glucose/g/hr from Dec. 1985 to Mar. 1986 and the highest, 760~1, 072$\mu$g glucose/g/hr in Jul. and Aug. 1985. The xylanase activity was 47% higher than the cellulase activity and was the lowest, 211~275$\mu$g xylose /g/hr from Feb. to Mar. 1986 and the highest as 799~1, 322$\mu$g xylose/g/hr from Jun. to Aug. 1986. The vertical distribution of the enzyme activity was decreased with the order of F, H, L, and A1 in both enzymes and the activities were exponentially decreased below L horizon, which suggests that most decomposition be done in F and H horizons with lots of organic matters. The SEM study slowed that the main decomposers of litters were fungi and initial attack into litters was also made by them. The enzyme activities of soil had strong correlations with the temperature and the precipitation. The correlation coefficients were 0.813 and 0.886 in the cellulase, and 0.673 and 0.626 in the xylanase for the temperature and the precipitation, respectively.