• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.285-295
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• 2015

To identify optimized thermal properties of mold brassiere cup for improved thermal comfort during summer, we compared the thermal resistance and the water vapor permeability of Polyurethane (PU) foam, 3D spacer fabric and the two combined materials of the PU foam and the 3D spacer fabric. Four experimental mold brassieres were made of the materials for wearing test. Six women in their twenties evaluated the wearing sensation in the hot and humid environment. The changes in microclimate temperature and humidity while wearing test brassiere cups were measured. Results indicate that thermal resistance increased as more PU foam were combined, while the water vapor permeability was higher as the content of the 3D spacer fabric increased at thickness of 18mm and over. However, in the wear test, the PU foam brassiere was the most preferred in all ambient conditions due to its soft, flexible and smooth texture, despite its high thermal resistance and low water vapor permeability. This indicates that the textures of mold foams are more dominant properties than thermal properties for mold foams in determining the wear comfort of mold brassieres.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.595-603
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• 2010

The present study was performed on humans to investigate the physiological strain of wearing protective clothing for shielding electromagnetic waves and to compare control clothing that are currently on the market and new clothing that are developed for improving thermal comfort and material weight. Experiments were conducted in a climatic chamber of $28.8{\pm}0.6^{\circ}C$, $37{\pm}5%$RH under three differed experimental clothing conditions: None, Control, New. The results were as follows. Mean skin temperature and rectal temperature in New were significantly lower than that in None and Control (p<.05). The temperature and humidity inside clothing were lower in None (p<.05). Total weight loss was lower in New. Thermal sensation and thermal comfort were less hot and more comfortable in New than those in Control. It was concluded that wearing the protective clothing for shielding electromagnetic waves affects physiological responses such as distribution of body temperature, sweat rate, etc.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.122-128
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• 2010

This study examined several dyeing properties, physiological responses and comfort sensation of cotton knit underwear dyed with bamboo charcoal. The cotton knit underwear dyed with bamboo charcoal and treated with chitosan showed 99.9% antibacterial property and improved deodorization, and colorfastness. Eight children with atopic dermatitis worn underwear dyed with bamboo charcoal during 4 months. Their parents reported fewer itches of children. Wearing cotton knit underwear dyed with bamboo charcoal and non-dyed with bamboo charcoal respectively, these eight children rested for 20 minutes, then exercised for 10 minutes, and then rested for 30 minutes in the room maintained $28{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and $50{\pm}5%R.H.$ Children's rectal temperature, skin temperature and microclimate inside garment of two types of cotton knit underwear were compared. As a result, the rectal temperature and skin temperature were higher when children were wearing underwear dyed with bamboo charcoal than non-dyed underwear. The microclimate temperature and microclimate humidity at the back of children were lower when children with underwear dyed with bamboo charcoal exercised and recovered.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2002

In order to find out whether solar air conditioning system could be applied to building or not, the performance and evaluation on thermal environment of the system suggested was done during summer. A solar model house was constructed to find out the performance and thermal environment evaluation when it actually operated outside. As a result, regeneration rate increased rapidly when LiCl solution temperature was over $50^{\circ}C$ and the regeneration rate was $13\sim15kg$ during 9 hours operation. Furthermore the dehumidification rate was 12kg at maximum during 10 hours operating of a dehumidifier and indoor temperature and relative humidity was $28.4^{\circ}C$ and 39.1% in average respectively. On evaluation of thermal environment during summer, PMV value was slightly high, but thermal sensation vote was 71% within the comfort zone.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.15-26
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• 1992

To investigate the seasonal effects on physiological responses of human body, clothing micro-climate, and subjective sensation, selected the cloths the most frequently dressed by men in spring and fall, and completed wearing trials in the climatic chamber. The results are as follows: 1. Rectal temp. ranged 36.8-37.1$^{\circ}C$ in either spring or fall, and no seasonal effect was found. 2. In skin temp., there was no seasonal effect in forehead, abdomen, and forearm. Skin temp. of chest was higher in spring than in fall. On the contrary, reverse was true in high and leg. Average skin temp. ranged 32.2-33.2$^{\circ}C$ in spring and 32.9-34.$0^{\circ}C$ in fall. 3. Average total sweat rate of spring, 79.4g/hr, was smaller than that of fall, 110.9g/hr. 4. Clothing temp. ranged 28.1-32.8$^{\circ}C$ in spring and 27.6-31.$0^{\circ}C$ in fall. Clothing humidity ranged 36.9-48.9% in spring and 38.2-51.1% in fall. Therefore, clothing microclimate was higher during fall than during spring. As results, skin temp. of the body core except chest did not show seasonal variation, but there was obvious seasonal variation in skin temp. of the extremities. Therefore, seasonal variation should be take into consideration in the experiments related to the cloth. In addition, standard for each season and the degree of work performance should be re-established in clothing micro-climate.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.68-77
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• 2022

서울에 위치한 아파트 단지의 인간 열환경을 정량적으로 분석하여 조경 및 도시 계획에서 인체 열 관련 스트레스를 개선할 수 있는 방법을 알아보고자 하였다. 늦봄과 여름철에 6지점[아파트중심지점, 옥상(시멘트)지점, 옥상(녹화)지점, 운동장지점, 가로수길 지점, 어린이놀이터지점]에서 미기후 자료(기온, 상대습도, 풍속, 태양 및 지구복사에너지)를 측정하여 인간 열환경지수인 PET와 UTCI를 분석하여 보았다. 늦봄과 여름철 모두 어린이놀이터지점에서 가장 높은 열환경을, 옥상(녹화)지점이 가장 낮은 열환경을 보였다. 두 지점 간 평균 차이를 비교해 보면, 기온 0.8~1.1℃, 상대습도 1.8~4.0%, 평균복사온도 7.5~8.0℃의 차이를 보였다. 풍속은 오픈스페이스 지점들에서 0.4~0.5 ms-1 더 빨랐으며, 아파트중심지점에서는 오후에 빌딩풍 현상도 나타났다. 최대 차이를 보인 어린이놀이터지점과 옥상(녹화)지점 간 인간 열환경지수 PET와 UTCI의 차이는 평균적으로 늦봄 5.2℃(최대 11.7℃) 여름철 5.4℃(최대 18.1℃) PET, 늦봄 3.0℃(최대 6.1℃) 여름철 2.6℃(최대 9.8℃) UTCI를 보였다. 이것은 평균적으로 PET에서는 약 1단계, UTCI에서는 1/2단계의 열환경지수 저감 효과를 보였으며, 최대 차이로는 PET에서는 2~3단계, UTCI에서는 1~1.5단계의 매우 큰 차이를 보였다. 또한, 옥상녹화의 효과[옥상(시멘트)지점과 옥상(녹화)지점 간의 차이]는 평균적으로 늦봄 4.6℃ PET와 2.5℃ UTCI, 여름철 4.4℃ PET와 2.0℃ UTCI 저감 효과를 보여, PET에서 2/3단계, UTCI에서 1/3단계의 개선 효과를 보여 주었다. 통계학적으로는 그린 인프라 지점인 옥상(녹화)지점, 운동장지점, 가로수길 지점은 PET와 UTCI에서 유의성이 없는 것으로 나타나, 모두 열환경 개선 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로, 그린 인프라를 이용한 옥상녹화, 잔디포장, 가로수식재 적용을 통한 인간 열환경 개선 방안을 조경계획 및 설계에 반드시 도입하여야 할 것이다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.80-89
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• 2022

본 연구는 수평적인 열환경 개선의 한계점을 해결하기 위해, 수직적인 녹화방법인 green curtain을 이용한 건물의 벽면녹화 유무에 따른 여름철 건물 실내와 실외의 열환경을 비교하였다. 측정은 2021년 여름철 건물내부 중심부 지점과 건물 외부 잔디밭 지점을 대상으로 미기후 자료인 기온, 상대습도, 풍속, 태양 및 지구복사에너지를 측정하여 인간 열환경지수인 PET와 UTCI를 계산하여 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과, 주간 기온은 평균 1.6℃ 더 시원한 결과를 보였으며, 야간에는 green curtain의 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 상대습도는 주간에 평균 5.6%, 야간에 평균 1.0% 실내가 더 높은 결과를 보였다. 풍속은 주간에 평균 1.4-1.8ms^-1, 야간에 평균 1.4-1.5ms^-1로 green curtain의 설치 여부와 관계없이 실외에서 높은 값을 보였다. 평균복사온도는 평균 4.7℃ 감소 효과를 보여주었으며, 야간에는 green curtain의 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 인간 열환경지수인 PET와 UTCI 결과에서는 주간 PET는 평균 2.1℃의 저감 효과를 보여 1/3 단계의 실내 열지각 개선 효과를 나타내었으며, UTCI는 평균 1.1℃로 1/6 단계의 열스트레스 저감 효과를 보이는 것으로 나타났고, 야간에는 PET와 UTCI 모두 green curtain의 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 조경계획 시 여름철 주간시간대의 열환경 개선을 위한 방안으로 green curtain을 활용하는 것도 효과적일 것이다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.59-73
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to experiments the environmental conditions and the adaption of the human body in the vinyl house. The study was done in spring and winter and experimental clothes were used working clothes in the vinyl house. The results are as follows. 1. Environmental Conditions In the spring season, the indoor air temperature was $27.4{\pm}3.7^{\circ}C$ and the outdoor air temperature was $14.4{\pm}2.7^{\circ}C$. In the winter season, the indoor air temperature was $18.3{\pm}4.8^{\circ}C$ and the outdoor air temperature was $7.6{\pm}2.5^{\circ}C$ on the average. 2. Skin Temperature In the spring season, the mean skin temperatures indoor and outdoor were $33.81{\pm}0.7^{\circ}C\;and\;31.57{\pm}0.8^{\circ}C$ respectively, a difference of $2.24^{\circ}C$. In the winter season, they were $31.95{\pm}1.93^{\circ}C\;and\;29.86{\pm}0.55^{\circ}C$ respectively, a difference of $2.09^{\circ}C$. 3. Clothing Climate In the spring season, the temperature and humidity in the inner layer of clothing were $34.77{\pm}0.80^{\circ}C\;and\;70.75{\pm}1.65%$ indoor, $31.9{\pm}0.52^{\circ}C\;and\;51.9{\pm}3.70%$ outdoor respectively. In the winter season, those were $32.52{\pm}1.04^{\circ}C\;and\;64.65{\pm}3.68%$ indoor, $30.27{\pm}0.96^{\circ}C\;and\;45.07{\pm}2.68%$ outdoor respectively. 4. Physiological Factors Body temperature increased slightly and the pulse rate also rises, but blood pressure decreased a little with the rise of environmental temperature both in the spring and winter seasons. 5. Psychological Factors Thermal sensation in the spring season was expressed as 'slightly warm' or 'warm' indoor and as 'neutral' in the open air, while in the winter it was expressed as 'neutral' or 'slightly warm' outdoor the house and as 'cold' in the open air. Comfort sensation was characterized as 'uncomfortable' or 'slightly uncomfortable' indoor both in the spring and winter seasons, but in the open air it was characterized as 'comfortable' in the spring and as 'slightly uncomfortable' in the winter.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.655-665
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• 2022

This study evaluated the validity of a newly developed mobility protocol examining the comfort functions and requirements of personal protective equipment (PPE) for COVID-19 healthcare workers. Eight males (age: 24.7 ± 3.0 y, height: 173.4 ± 2.3 cm, and body weight 69.9 ± 3.7 kg) participated in the following three PPE conditions: (1) Plastic gown ensemble, (2) Level D ensemble, and (3) Powered air purifying respirator (PAPR) ensemble. The mobility protocol consisted of 10 different tasks in addition to donning and doffing. The 10 tasks were repeated twice at an air temperature of 25oC with 74% RH. The results showed significant differences among the three PPE conditions in mean skin temperature, local skin temperatures (the forehead, thigh, calf, and foot), clothing microclimate (the chest and back), thermal sensation, thermal comfort, and humidity sensation, while there were no significant differences in heart rate or total sweat rate. At rest, the subjects felt less warm and more comfortable in the PAPR than in the Level D condition (P<0.05). However, subjective perceptions in the PAPR and Level D conditions became similar as the tasks progressed and mean skin and leg temperature became greater for the PAPR than the Level D condition (P<0.05). An interview was conducted just after completing the mobility test protocol, and suggestions for improving each PPE item were obtained. To sum up, the mobility test protocol was valid for evaluating the comfort functions of PPE for healthcare workers and obtaining requirements for improving the mobility of each PPE item.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.12-21
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• 2019

다양한 운동장 포장재료(인조잔디, 천연잔디, 마사토)가 인간 열 환경에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 초 가을철 미기후자료(기온, 습도, 풍속, 태양 및 지구복사에너지)를 측정하여 비교분석하여 보았다. 그 결과, 포장재료에 따른 기온, 습도, 풍속은 평균적으로 차이가 크지 않았으며, 평균복사온도에서 가장 큰 차이를 보여주었다. 태양복사에너지에서는 태양복사에너지 반사율(알베도)이 가장 높았던 천연잔디에서, 지구복사에너지에서는 지표면 온도가 가장 높았던 인조잔디에서 가장 높은 복사에너지를 인체에 보내는 것으로 나타났다. 인간 열환경지수 PET에서는 인조잔디>마사토>천연잔디 순으로 나타났으며, 천연잔디포장이 인조잔디포장보다 최대 2/3 단계 평균적으로 1/2 단계 낮은 열환경을, 마사토 포장은 인조잔디포장보다 최대 2/3 단계 평균적으로 1/3 단계 낮은 열환경을 조성할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 천연잔디포장은 마사토 포장에 비해 최대 1/3 단계 낮은 열환경을 조성할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. UTCI에서는 PET보다 더 작은 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로, 운동장을 포함한 옥외공간 설계 시 계획단계에서부터 재료 선정에 신중을 기하여야 할 것이다.