• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2013

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate a trend of human error types observed in a series of verification and validation experiments for an Advanced Control Room(ACR) equipped with Lager Display Panel(LDP), Work Station Flat Panel Display(WS FPD), list type Alarm System(AS), Soft Control(SC) and Computerized Procedure System(CPS). Background: Operator behaviors in a fully computerized control room are quite different from those in a traditional hard-wired control room. Operators in an ACR all together monitor plant status and variables through their own interface system such as LDP and WS FPD, are notified of abnormal plant status through their own list type AS, control the plant through their own SC, and follow the structured procedure through their own CPS whereas operators in a traditional control room only separately do their duty directed by their supervisor. Especially the secondary task such as manipulating the user interface of ACR can be an extra burden to all the operators including the supervisor. Method: The Reason's human error classification method was applied to operators' behavioral data collected from a series of verification and validation experiments where operators showed their plant operational behaviors under a couple of harsh scenarios using the ACR simulator. Results: As operators accustomed to the new ACR system, knowledge or rule based mistakes appearing frequently in the early series of experiments decreased drastically in the latest stage of the series. Slip and lapse types of errors were observed throughout the series of experiments. Conclusion: Education and training can be one of the most important factors for the operators accustomed to the traditional control room to be adapted to the new system and to run the ACR successfully. Application: The results of this study implied that knowledge or rule based mistakes can be reduced by training and education but that lapse type errors might be reduced only through innovative improvement in human-system interface design or teamwork culture design including a new leadership style suitable for ACR.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2005

Human reliability assessment (HRA) is conducted on the unspoken premise that 'human error' is a meaningful concept and that it can be associated with individual actions. The basis for this assumption it found in the origin of HRA, as a necessary extension of PSA to account for the impact of failures emanating from human actions. Although it was natural to model HRA on PSA, a large number of studies have shown that the premises are wrong, specifically that human and technological functions cannot be decomposed in the same manner. The general experience from accident studies also indicates that action failures are a function of the context, and that it is the variability of the context rather than the 'human error probability' that is the much sought for signal. Accepting this will have significant consequences for the way in which HRA, and ultimately also PSA, should be pursued.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2001년도 ICCAS
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• pp.161.5-161
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• 2001

Robots are required to assist our activities in daily life. In this paper, we focus on arm movement to catch moving object as one of important tasks frequently performed by human. We propose an algorithm which enables a robot to perform human-like arm motion to catch a moving object. First we analyze human hand trajectories and velocity profiles to catch an object. From the experimental results, we extract some characteristics in the process of approaching and following a moving object and confirm that these are necessary to realize human-like motion. We then adopt an instantaneous optimal control method which evaluates the error and energy cost at each sampling step, and design two time-varying weight matrices to introduce human characteristic into robot motion. The matrix concerning the error is defined as a time-increasing ...

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.68-75
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• 2014

독성가스시설에서 대형사고로 인한 손실을 감소시키기 위해서는 인적요소를 제어하고, 평가하는 것이 필요하다. 기존의 안전성 평가는 기계적 결함이나 시스템의 위험이 주로 강조되어 왔으며, 인적오류를 관리하는 평가방법이 부족하여 본 연구에서는 독성가스시설의 사고관리 상황에서 인적오류를 구성하는 수행영향인자 분류체계를 제안하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 주요 수행영향인자 분류체계의 유형을 수집하여 검토와 분석을 한 후 4가지(작업자 특성, 시스템, 직무특성 및 직무환경)로 나누고, 독성가스시설의 상황적 특성과 직무특성 및 작업환경을 고려하여 수행영향인자를 선택하였다. 이로 부터 인적오류의 평가에 사용하기 적절한 수행영향인자 체계를 구축하고, 구축한 수행영향인자 분류체계를 독성가스시설에서 발생하였던 사고 사례분석을 통해 적용성을 검토하였다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제11권2호통권35호
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• pp.60-64
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• 2007

한국에서는 석유화학 산업의 역사가 30년 이상이 되어 시설이 노후화되기 시작하여 잠재적인 사고의 위험 가능성이 높아지고 있다. 지금까지의 석유화학 산업에서의 전통적인 위험성 평가와 시스템의 제어는 기계적인 결함에만 중점을 두었기 때문에 인간의 행동을 제어하는 것은 간과하여 왔다. 자동화 기술과 제어기술의 발전도 필요하지만 인간의 의사 결정 요소가 석유화학산업에서 사고를 예방하는데 필수적이다. 거의 모든 심각한 사고는 인간 행동과 안전 장비의 기계적인 결함이 동시에 부적당할 때 발생한다. 진보적인 인간의 신뢰성 분석 소프트웨어는 실패 데이터를 수집하고, 한국의 화학 산업에서 인간의 오류 확률을 분석하기 위해 개발되었다. 이 논문에서는 Root cause Analysis를 통한 결과와 PIF(Performance Influencing Factor) 평가 결과를 보여준다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2007

A practical method to design the input shaping which generates control command is proposed in this paper, We suggest an experimental technique considering human operator's target tracking error to improve aiming accuracy which significantly affects hit probability. It is known that stabilization performance is one of the most important factors for ground combat vehicle system. In particular, stabilization error of the manual target tracking system mounted on moving vehicle directly affects hit probability. To reduce this error, we applied input command shaping method using preprocessing filtering and functional curve fitting. First of all, we construct the human operator model to consider effects of human operator on our system. Input shaping curve is divided into several regions to get rid of the above problems and to improve the system performance. At example design part, we chose three steps of functional command curve and determine the parameters of the function by the proposed design method. In order to verify the proposed design method, we carried out the experiments with real plant of a fighting vehicle.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.261-269
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of this study is to develop an analysis method to extract plausible types of errors when using a smart mobile in nuclear power plants. Background: Smart mobiles such as a smart-phone and a tablet computer(smart-pad) are to be introduced to the various industries. Nuclear power plant like APR1400 already adopted many up-to-date digital devices within its main control room. With this trend, various types of smart mobiles will be inevitably introduced to the nuclear field in the near future. However nuclear power plants(NPPs) should be managed considering a big risk as a result of the trend not only economically but also socially compared to the other industrial systems. It is formally required to make sure to reasonably prevent the all hazards due to the introduction of new technologies and devices before the application to the specific tasks in nuclear power plants. Method: We define interaction segments(IS) as a main architect of interaction description, and enumerate all plausible error segments(ES) for a part of design evaluation of digital devices. Results: We identify various types of interaction errors which are coped with reasonably by interaction design using smart mobiles. Conclusion: According to the application result of the proposed method, we conclude that the proposed method can be utilized to specify the requirements to the human error hazards in digital devices, and to conduct a human factors review during the design of digital devices. Application: The proposed method can be applied to predict the human errors of the tasks related to the digital devices; therefore we can ensure the safety to apply the digital devices to be introduced to NPPs.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2013

Objective: This paper describes an analysis of electroencephalography(EEG) signals to identify human errors during using digital devices in nuclear power plants(NPPs). Background: The application of an advanced main control room(MCR) has accompanied with lots of changes in different forms and features by virtue of new digital technologies. The characteristics of these digital technologies and devices provide several opportunities for the use of interface management. It can integrate into a compact single workstation in an advanced MCR, allowing workers to operate the plant with minimum physical burden under any operating condition. However these devices may introduce new types of human errors, and thus we need a means to assess and prevent such errors especially those related to digital devices. Method/Conclusion: The EEG data are relatively objective, and thus we introduce several measures to EEG analysis for obtaining the feasibility of human error identification. Application: This study may support to ensure the safety when applying digital devices in NPPs.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.19-28
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• 1987

If an error occurs in the automatic mode when the advanced teleoperator system performs a task in hostile environment, then the mode changes into the manual mode. The operation by program and the operation by hyman recover the error in the manual mode. The system resumew the automatic mode and continues the given task. In order to utilize the inverse kinematics as means of the operation by program in the manual mode, Lee and Nagamachi determined the end point of the robot trajectory planning which varied with the height of the task object recognized by a T.V monitor, solved the end point by the fuzzy set theory, and controlled the position of the robot hand by the inverse kinematics and the posture of the robot hand by the operation by human. But the operation by human did take a lot of task time because the position and the posture of the robot hand were separately controlled. To reduce the task time by human, this paper developes an error recovery expert system (ERES). The position of the robot hand is controlled by the inverse kinematics of the cartesian coordinate system to the end point which is deter- mined by the fuzzy set theory. The posture of the robot hand is controlled by the modulality of the robot hand's motion which is made by the posture of the task object. The knowledge base and the inference engine of the ERES is developed using the muLISP-86 language. The experimental results show that the average task time by human the ERES which was performed by the integration of the position and the posture control of the robot hand is shorter than that of the research, done by the preliminary experiment, which was performed by the separation of the position and the posture control of the robot hand. A further study is likely to research into an even more intelligent robot system control usint a superimposed display and digitizer which can present two-dimensional coordinate of the work space for the convenience of human interaction.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.295-307
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• 2007

The statistics of Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal and Japan Marine Accidents Inquiry Agency shows that the major muses of collision at sea are Improper lookout and Non-compliance with marine traffic rules. Those two muses are occupying more than 70% of collision, and it's clear that those muses are undoubtedly closely related to simple human error. In this paper we tried to find out the root muses of this kind of human error of OOWs(officers on watch) through risk identification method and studied how to tackle them via risk control theory. In conclusion, the measures studied in this paper could be applied to help OOWs avoid their own human error as well as be used in shipping company for their fleets' safety management.