• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.36-48
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• 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study is to modernize Nutrient Qi(營氣) and Defense Qi(衛氣) from the point of view of Visceral Body and Somatic Body. Methods: Investigate the areas of body and function of Nutrient Qi(營氣) and Defense Qi(衛氣) recorded in the 『HuangdiNeijing(黃帝內經)』 and 『Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑)』. And investigate Visceral Body and Somatic Body that anatomical structure is divided according to function based on the book 『Life and Rhythm』. Results: Nutrient Qi(營氣) works to nourish the body such as viscera and bowels in the meridian. Defense Qi(衛氣) works to protect the body such as skin, limb joint, eye outside the meridian. The human body is divided into Visceral Body called a vegetable organ and Somatic Body called an animal organ. Visceral body is the organ that manages "nutrition-reproductive" and is divided into the intestine(腸管), blood vessels(血管), and the nephridium(腎管). Somatic Body is an organ that manages 'sensory-motion' and is divided into a three-layer structure: the outer layer covering the body surface, the nerve layer connecting the outer layer and the muscle layer, and the muscle layer controling contraction and movement. Conclusions: It is estimated that Nutrient Qi(營氣) is similar to Visceral Body, and Defense Qi(衛氣) is similar to Somatic Body.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.186-188
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• 2021

The architecture named IDPS is a design concept of web-based integrated platform for heterogeneous naval combat system, which accomplishes efficiency(decreasing complexity) of diagnosis process and reduces time to diagnose system. Each type of surface vessel has its own diagnostic processes and applications, and that means it also requires its own diagnostic engineer(inefficiency in human resource management). In addition, man-based diagnostic causes quality issues such as difference approach of log analysis in accordance with engineer skills. Thus In this paper, we designed integrated diagnostic platform named IDPS with simplified common process regardless of type of surface vessel and we reinforced IDPS with status decision algorithm(SDA) that judges current software status of vessel based on gathered lots of logs. It will enable engineers to diagnose system more efficiently and to use more resources in utilizing SDA-analyzed diagnostic results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.3-4
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• 2021

Korea government has developed Korean e-Navigation service to assist ship's collision avoidance, and is providing it since Jan. 2021 to korean vessels to reduce marine accidents caused by human error which is regarded as main reason of marine accidents. It is a huge achievement itself because it is a real-time maritime safety information service based on digital communication, but still has room for improvement to provide customized information for each vessel, such as considering ship's characteristics. This research analyzes current status and requirement of collision avoidance assistance service. Lastly, it suggests direction of improvement of service such as using data science, artificial intelligence(AI).

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2024

Objectives : Polyporus umbellatus is a medicinal mushroom that has been used for over thousands years in Chinese medicine as a powerful diuretic to relieve fluid retention and edema. Dermal papilla is located at the bottom of the hair follicle and connected to the blood vessels where it gets the nutrients and oxygen to nurture hair follicle. This study examined the mechanism through which the ethanol extract of Polyporus umbellatus (EPU) promoted the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells (HHDPCs). Methods : To estimate the proliferative effects of EPU on HHDPCs, cell viability was estimated by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Western blotting was used to investgate the activation of ERK, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, β-catenin, GSK-3β and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Cells were treated with inhibitors of ERK and Akt prior to EPU treatment. Results : EPU promoted the proliferation of HHDPCs and the phosphorylation of ERK and Akt in dose dependent manner. However, the proliferative effect of EPU on HHDPCs was inhibited by pre-treatment of ERK inhibitor (PD98059) and Akt inhibitor (LY294002). Furthermore, EPU respectively stimulated the protein expression of β-catenin and phosphorylated GSK-3β. EPU significantly increased the protein expression levels of proliferation and cytoprotection related genes such as Bcl-2, SIRT-1, and HO-1 in cells. Conclusion : This results suggest that EPU promoted the proliferation of HHDPCs via activating PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in HHDPCs.

• BMB Reports
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.244-249
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• 2024

Many types of cancer are associated with excessive angiogenesis. Anti-angiogenic treatment is an effective strategy for treating solid cancers. This study aimed to demonstrate the inhibitory effects of (E)-2-methoxy-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl) prop-1-en-1-yl) phenol (MMPP) in VEGFA-induced angiogenesis. The results indicated that MMPP effectively suppressed various angiogenic processes, such as cell migration, invasion, tube formation, and sprouting of new vessels in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mouse aortic ring. The inhibitory mechanism of MMPP on angiogenesis involves targeting VEGFR2. MMPP showed high binding affinity for the VEGFR2 ATP-binding domain. Additionally, MMPP improved VEGFR2 thermal stability and inhibited VEGFR2 kinase activity, suppressing the downstream VEGFR2/AKT/ERK pathway. MMPP attenuated the activation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and it downregulated NF-κB target genes such as VEGFA, VEGFR2, MMP2, and MMP9. Furthermore, conditioned medium from MMPP-treated breast cancer cells effectively inhibited angiogenesis in endothelial cells. These results suggested that MMPP had great promise as a novel VEGFR2 inhibitor with potent anti-angiogenic properties for cancer treatment via VEGFR2/AKT/ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.621-626
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• 2023

In the first half of the third century B.C., Herophilus and Erasistratus performed the first systematic dissection of the human body. For subsequent centuries, these cadaveric dissections were key to the advancement of anatomical knowledge and surgical techniques. To this day, despite various instructional methods, cadaver dissection remained the best way for surgical training. To improve the quality of education and research through cadaveric dissection, our institution has developed a unique method of perforator-preserving cadaver injection, allowing us to achieve high-fidelity perforator visualization for dissection studies, at low cost and high efficacy. Ten full body cadavers were sectioned through the base of neck, bilateral shoulder, and hip joints. The key was to dissect multiple perfusing arteries and draining veins for each section, to increase "capture" of vascular territories. The vessels were carefully flushed, insufflated, and then filled with latex dye. Our injection dye comprised of liquid latex, formalin, and acrylic paint in the ratio of 1:2:1. Different endpoints were used to assess adequacy of injection, such as reconstitution of eyeball volume, skin turgor, visible dye in subcutaneous veins, and seepage of dye through stab incisions in digital pulps. Dissections demonstrated the effectiveness of the dye, outlining even the small osseous perforators of the medial femoral condyle flap and subconjunctival plexuses. Our technique emphasized atraumatic preparation, recreation of luminal space through insufflation, and finally careful injection of latex dye with adequate curing. This has allowed high-fidelity perforator visualization for dissection studies.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.72-77
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• 2012

Phase Contrast MR Angiography(PC MRA) is excellent MRA technique for measuring the velocity of vessels in the human body. PC MRA need to at least four images for angiogram reconstruction and it caused longer scan time. Therefore, we used keyhole imaging combined PC MRA to reduce the scan time. However, keyhole imaging can lead the erroneous effects as loss of phase information or frequency discontinuous. In this study, we applied the keyhole imaging combined 2D PC MRA for improving the temporal resolution and also measured the velocity to evaluate the accuracy of phase information. We used 0.32T MRI scanner(Magfinder II, Scimedix, Korea). Using the 2D PC MRA pulse sequence, the vascular images for a human brain targeted on the Superior Sagittal Sinus(SSS) were obtained. We applied tukey window function for keyhole images to minimize the ringing artifact and erroneous factors that are induced frequency discontinuous and phase information loss. We also applied zero-padded algorithm to peripheral missing k-space lines to compare keyhole imaging results and the artifact power(AP) value was measured on the complex difference images to validate the image quality. Consider as based on our results, heavy image distortions and artifacts were shown until using at least 50% keyhole factor. Using above the 50% keyhole factors are shown well reconstructed and matched for magnitude images and velocity information measurements. In conclusion, we confirmed the image quality and velocity information of keyhole technique combined 2D PC MRA. Especially, measured velocity information through the keyhole imaging combination was similar to the velocity information of full sampled k-space image despite of frequency discontinuous and phase information loss in the keyhole imaging reconstruction process. Consequently, the keyhole imaging combined 2D PC MRA will give some clinical usefulness and advantages as improving the temporal resolution and measuring the velocity information via selecting the appropriate keyhole factor at low tesla MRI system.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.149-156
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• 2015

The Dynamic Positioning System consists of 7 elements which are namely Power system, Human machine interface, DP Computer, Position Reference System(PRS), Sensors, Thruster system and DP Operator. Incidents like loss of position(LOP) on DP vessel usually occur due to errors in these 7 elements. The purpose of this study is to find out safety operation method of DP vessel through qualitative and quantitative analyze of DP LOP incidents which are submitted to IMCA every year. The 612 DP LOP incidents submitted from 2001 to 2010 were analyzed to find out the main cause of the incidents and its rate among other causes. Consequently, the highest rate of incidents involving DP elements are PRS errors. DP computer, Power system, Human error and thruster system came next. The PRS has been analyzed and a flowchart was drawn through expert brainstorming. Also, the conditional probability has been analyzed through Bayesian Networks based on this flowchart. Consequentially, the main causes of drive off incidents were DGPS, microwave radar and HPR. Also, this study identified the main causes of DGPS errors through Bayesian Networks. These causes are signal blocked, electric components failure, relative mode error, signal weak or fail.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.415-423
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to show a course development of the marine leisure sport policy in Korea. The preceding researches and the analysis on the actual conditions on marine leisure sport in Korea were conducted for this research. And analyzing the obstacle and development factors in marine leisure sport, the conclusions intended to provide the preliminary data on the marine leisure industry are as follows: First, as policy-based problems, there will be needs for the public perception improvement in the marine culture caused by the lack of publicity, the reflection reinforcement of the national policy on the marine leisure industry, the prevention of the overlapping investment for the national resources development in the marine industry and marine leisure sport complexes, and the reinforcement of the close networks with the developed countries. Second, as human-based problems, there will be needs for the new organization of the specialty agencies involved in the marine leisure industry field, the nurture of the capable specialists and the reinforcement and nurture of TF team for the infrastructure industry. Third, as facility-based problems, there appeared to be the expansion of the SOC related to the marine leisure, the ease of the laws and regulations for the development of the marine leisure facilities, the prevention of the thoughtless development caused by close cooperation system with the local government. Fourth, as law and institution-based problems, there appeared to be the abolishment of the regulation-centered laws involved in them, the prevention of the legal and institutional confusion caused by policy confusion. Fifth, as industry-based problems, there must be the expansion of the domestic supply and demand, the reinforcement of parts industry and the nurture of the license system for the mechanics on the vessels and the engines.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.23 no.4 s.43
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• pp.503-527
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• 1993

This paper describes a new method to create an animal model for TMJ internal derangement in the New Zealand white rabbits and the light and electron microscopical changes of posterior attachment of them. Twenty six rabbits(2.5-3.0kg), four normal and twenty two experimental, were used. The right disc of experimental animal was displaced anteriorly without sectioning the posterior attachment and tied to the zygomatic arch with nylon not to be reduced to the original position. The left TMJ was sham-operated to be compared with its right experimental one. Normal animals were sacrificed one day and eight weeks after experiment. Experimental animals were sacrificed one day, ten days, three weeks, five weeks and eight weeks after surgery respectively. They were fixed intravenously with $2\%$ glutaldehyde under general anesthesia and the samples of them were processed for light and electron microscopic examination. The purpose of this experiment is to make a suitable animal model of disc displacement without reduction for studying and understanding the cellular and morphologic events in posterior attachment of TMJ including early changes which were difficult to be observed in human TMJs. The results of this investigation suggest the following conclusions : 1. Authors induced anterior disc displacement surgically in rabbits with new method to examine histologic changes of posterior attachment. Tissue reactions of this model seem to be similar to those observed in human disc displacement. We think this animal model for anterior disc displacement may be used to explore and evaluate objectively the effects of many treatment modalities in disc displacements. 2. The animal disease model showed inflammation at early stage(one and ten days). At this stage there were mild-to-severe mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration, numerous newly formed vessels, vessel dilatation and engormement and many fibroblasts. 3. At middle stage(three weeks), fibrosis occurred, where fibroblasts decreased in number, but their cytoplasm was profuse indicating high activity. Collagen fibers increased in number and the tissue looked more dense. 4. At late stage(five weeks and eight weeks) showed degenerative changes including perforation of posterior attachment, disintegration of collagen fiber bundles, degeneration of fibroblasts, metastatic ossification, and dystrophic calcification.