• 인간행동과 음악연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2017

본 연구는 음정 모방 중심 노래부르기 프로그램이 인공와우이식아동의 음고 산출 정확도 및 음고 범위에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 확인하고자 시행한 사례연구이다. 본 연구에서는 만 5세의 인공와우이식아동 3명을 대상으로 음정 모방 중심 노래부르기 프로그램이 실시되었고 회기 당 35분, 주 2-3회씩 총 12회기의 개별 세션이 진행되었다. 음정 모방 중심 노래부르기 프로그램 동안 3도, 5도, 8도의 목표 음정을 중심으로 음고 변별 - 음고 모방 - 목표 음고를 포함한 노래부르기 활동이 단계적으로 시행되었고, 프로그램 전후에는 음고 모방 및 노래 내 음고 산출의 정확도 변화가 측정되었다. 연구 결과, 3명의 아동 모두 프로그램 참여 후 제시된 음고를 산출하는 정확도가 증가하고 노래부르기 시 산출된 음고가 기대 음고에 유사해지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 산출 가능한 음고의 범위가 확장됨을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 인공와우이식아동의 음정 지각 특성을 반영한 단계적 접근과 다감각적 환경에서의 체계적 음악 정보 처리가 학령 전기 인공와우이식아동의 음고 산출을 효과적으로 이끌어낼 수 있음을 보여준다. 더 나아가 본 연구는 음악 지각이나 인공와우이식성인 대상군에 초점이 맞추어졌던 연구 영역을 확장시키고, 학령 전기 인공와우이식아동의 음고 산출 능력 향상을 위해 적용할 수 있는 프로그램을 제안했다는 점에 의의가 있다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.407-413
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• 2012

In previous studies, we performed joint animal studies and clinical trials between Yonsei University and Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co. Ltd. We have shown that coffee bean extract has potent anti-obesity and hypotriglyceridemic activities as well as beneficial effects on body fat reduction.In this study, the effects of coffee bean extract (100 mg/capsule) on body fat reduction were evaluated in overweight/obese women (body mass index of 25~30 $kg/m^2$ or body fat > 30%) not diagnosed with any type of disease. Subjects were randomly assigned to a coffee bean extract group (n=10) or placebo group (n=10). We measured anthropometric parameters, abdominal fat distribution by computed tomography and blood components before and after the 8week intervention period. After supplementation, the coffee bean extract group showed body weight (p=0.08), body mass index (p=0.06), hip circumference (p<0.05), and upper waist circumference (p< 0.01). In addition, after 8 weeks, the coffee bean extract group showed a significant decrease in abdominal internal fat area compared to 0 weeks (0 weeks : $155.8cm^2$; 8 weeks : $145.9cm^2$, ${\Delta}$ change : $-9.9cm^2$, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in lipid profiles or serological measurements between the coffee bean extract group and placebo group. The results of our human study demonstrated that coffee bean extract supplementation for 8 weeks has beneficial effects on reducing abdominal internal fat area as well as hip and waist circumferences.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.158-164
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• 2014

Objective: To assess whether an early GnRH antagonist start leads to better follicular synchronization and an improved clinical pregnancy rate (CPR). Methods: A retrospective cohort study. A total of 218 infertile women who underwent IVF between January 2011 and February 2013. The initial cohort (Cohort I) that underwent IVF between January 2011 and March 2012 included a total of 68 attempted IVF cycles. Thirty-four cycles were treated with the conventional GnRH antagonist protocol, and 34 cycles with an early GnRH antagonist start protocol. The second cohort (Cohort II) that underwent IVF between June 2012 and February 2013 included a total of 150 embryo-transfer (ET) cycles. Forty-three cycles were treated with the conventional GnRH antagonist protocol, 34 cycles with the modified early GnRH antagonist start protocol using highly purified human menopause gonadotropin and an addition of GnRH agonist to the luteal phase support, and 73 cycles with the GnRH agonist long protocol. Results: The analysis of Cohort I showed that the number of mature oocytes retrieved was significantly higher in the early GnRH antagonist start cycles than in the conventional antagonist cycles (11.9 vs. 8.2, p=0.04). The analysis of Cohort II revealed higher but non-significant CPR/ET in the modified early GnRH antagonist start cycles (41.2%) than in the conventional antagonist cycles (30.2%), which was comparable to that of the GnRH agonist long protocol cycles (39.7%). Conclusion: The modified early antagonist start protocol may improve the mature oocyte yield, possibly via enhanced follicular synchronization, while resulting in superior CPR as compared to the conventional antagonist protocol, which needs to be studied further in prospective randomized controlled trials.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7635-7638
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• 2013

Background: Sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) has been recently proposed as a novel biomarker for early diagnosis of several human tumors, including ovarian, cervical and breast cancers. Its clinical value remains to be clarified for endometrial cancer (EC). In this study, we investigated the utility of serum SPAG9 levels in diagnosis of EC and its association with important clinicopathological parameters. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at a tertiary women's referral center in Ankara, Turkey. Preoperative serum samples were collected from patients surgically treated for endometrial cancer between June 2012-April 2013. Similar aged women with a biopsy proven benign endometrium were used as controls. Serum SPAG9 levels were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and assessed for links with clinicopathological factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess power of SPAG9 levels for EC prediction. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 63 women with EC and 27 with benign endometrium were included in the study. Mean age in the EC group was $58.7{\pm}1.1$. Median SPAG9 levels in the EC and control groups were 18.3 (range, 12.7-53.8) and 14.1 (range, 4.3-65.3), respectively (p<0.001). A cut-off value of 17 ng/ml for SPAG9 predicted presence of malignant endometrium with 74% sensitivity and 83% specificity [Area under curve (AUC)=0.82, p<0.001]. SPAG9 levels did not demonstrate any significant association with histological type, FIGO stage, tumor grade, size, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion, cervical involvement, adnexal involvement, peritoneal cytology or lymph node status (all p>0.05). Conclusions: Testing for SPAG9 may be useful for early detection of EC in asymptomatic high-risk women. Its role in post-treatment follow-up and early detection of recurrence should be assessed in future trials.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.379-393
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• 1995

In spite of school science learning, the students' conceptions have not been changed easily. Therefore, to make students overcome their non scientific conceptions has been an important issue in science education. The purpose of this study was to identify the conceptions of students and teachers on the motion of the earth and the moon. The instrument was developed for estimating students' understandings of the concepts related to the motion of the earth and the moon. The validity of the instrument was examined by the specialists in Science Educator and Astronomer. At the same time, the two field trials had been executed, and the items were modified. Also, it consists of 12 items including 9 two-tier multiple choice items and 3 multiple choice items. The population of this study consists of 250 eighth-, 299 tenth-, 292 eleventh-grade students, 134 science teachers in secondary school. SPSS/PC+ was adopted for the statistical analysis. The type of misconceptions possessed students were as follows: 1) At 12:00 noon, the sun is directly overhead. 2) First quarter moon is a half of overall surface of the moon. 3) Air don't rotate with the earth surface because it keeps apart from the earth surface. 4) Summer is warmer than winter, because the earth is nearer from the sun in summer. 5) Whenever season is changed, the direction of rotation axis of the earth is changed. 6) The moon is the brightest at the position of new moon, because the distance between the moon and the sun is the shortest and the moon is received strongest sunlight. 7) The moon is not seen at the position of real full moon, because it is covered with shadow of the earth. 8) When the moon is not seen in the earth, sunlight is not reached at the moon. The major findings were as follows : 1) The middle school students had more misconceptions than those of high school students. And female students had more misconceptions than those of male ones. 2) The rate of correct answer and the type of conception in the tenth grade students were very similar with eleventh grade students. 3) The higher cognitive level, the better development of scientific conception and the less misconception. Also, the correlation coefficient between scientific conception score and GALT score was 0.57. 4) The students in scientific part had higher the rate of correct answer than those of students in human part and the former had less misconception than the latter. 5) The rate of correct answer about model and figure items was lower than descriptive ones, because they did not understand about figures itselves. These types of misconceptions will be used for science instruction and studies of other conceptions need.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2002

Field trials evaluating selected commercially available mosquito traps variously baited with light, carbon dioxide, and/or octenol were conducted from 18-27 September 2000 in a malarious area near Paekyeon-ri (Tongil-Chon) and Camp Greaves in Paju County, Kyonggi Province, Republic of Korea. The host-seeking activity for common mosquito species, including the primary vector of Japanese encephalitis, Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles. was determined using hourly aspirator collections from a human and propane lantern-baited Shannon trap doting hours when temperatures exceeded $15^{\circ}C$. The total number of mosquitoes and number of each species captured during the test was compared using a block design. Significant differences were observed for the total number of mosquitoes collected, such that, the Mosquito MagnetTM with octenol > Shannon trap > ABC light trap with light and dry ice > Miniature Black Light trap (manufactured by John W. Hock) $\geq$ New Jersey Trap > ABC light trap with light only. Significant differences in numbers collected among trapes were noted for several species including: Aedes vexans (Meigen), Anopheles lesteri Baisas and Hu. An. sinensis Weidemann, An. sineroides Yamada, An. yatsushiroensis Miyazaki. Culex pipiens pallets Coquillett L., Cx. orientalis Edwards and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. Host-seeking activity for most common species showed a similar bimodal pattern. Results from these field trap evaluations can significantly enhance current vector and disease surveillance efforts especially for the primary vector of Japanese encephalitis, Cx. tritaeniorhunchus.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.488-495
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• 2018

p53 유전자는 스트레스, DNA 손상, 저산소증 및 종양 발생에 대한 세포 반응의 전사 조절에서 중요한 역할을 담당한다. 최근에 발견된 다양한 종류의 p53의 생리 활성을 생각한다면 p53이 암 조절에 관여한다는 것은 놀랄만한 일이 아니다. 인간 암의 약 50%에는 p53 유전자의 돌연변이 또는 p53을 활성화시키는 기전의 결함을 통해 p53 단백질 기능의 불활성화가 나타난다. p53 기능의 이러한 장애는 p53 의존 반응으로부터 회피를 허용함으로써 종양의 진화에 결정적인 역할을 하게 된다. 최근의 많은 연구들은 p53의 돌연변이를 대폭 감소시키거나 p53의 종양 억제 기능을 복원하기 위하여 선택적인 저분자 화합물을 동정함으로써 p53의 돌연변이를 직접 표적하는 것에 초점을 두고 있다. 이들 저분자는 좋은 약물과 유사한 특성을 유지하면서 다양한 상호작용을 효과적으로 조절해야 한다. 이 중, p53의 음성조절인자 핵심인 MDM2의 발견은 p53과 MDM2 간의 상호작용을 차단하는 새로운 저분자 억제제의 설계를 제공하였다. 저분자 화합물 중 일부는 개념 증명 연구에서 임상 시험으로 옮겨졌으며 향후 맞춤형 항암제가 추가될 전망이다. 본 리뷰에서는 야생형 p53과 돌연변이 p53의 구조적 및 기능적 중요성과 p53을 직접 표적하는 치료제 개발, p53과 MDM2 간의 상호작용을 억제하는 화합물에 대하여 검토하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2010

Purpose: Many trials for new therapeutic approaches such as stem cell-based transplantation have been conducted to improve the repair and regeneration of injured cord tissue and to restore functions following spinal cord injury (SCI) in animals and humans. Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ATSCs) have multi-lineage potential to differentiate into cells with neuron-like morphology. Most studies of stem cell transplantation therapy after SCI are focused on cellular regeneration and restoration of motor function, but not on unwanted effects after transplantation such as neuropathic pain. This study was focused on whether transplantation of ATSCs could facilitate or attenuate hindpaw pain responses to heat, cold and mechanical stimulation, as well as on improvement of locomotor function in a rat with SCI. Methods: A spinal cord injury rat model was produced using an NYU impactor by dropping a 10 g rod from a height of 25 mm on to the T9 segment. Human ATSCs (hATSCs; approximately $5{\times}10^5$ cells) or DMEM were injected into the perilesional area 9 days after the SCI. After transplantation, hindpaw withdrawal responses to heat, cold and mechanical allodynia were measured over 7 weeks. Motor recovery on the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale and on the inclined plane test were also evaluated. Results: The present study demonstrated that increased hindpaw withdrawal responses to cold allodynia was observed in both groups after transplantation, but the development of cold-induced allodynia in the hATSC transplantation group was significantly larger than in the control group. The difference between the two groups in locomotor functional improvement after SCI was also significant. Conclusion: Careful consideration not only of optimal functional benefits but also of unintended side effects such as neuropathic pain is necessary before stem cell transplantation therapy after SCI.

• 의료법학
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.3-20
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• 2018

약침행위는 한방의료에서 행하여져 오던 침구요법과 약물요법을 결합한 요법으로 최근에 특히 교통사고 환자를 중심으로 한방의료에서 행하여져 오고 있다. 하지만 약침행위에 사용되는 약제가 무엇인지도 분명하지 않으며 약침행위가 어떠한 효능을 가지고 있으며 어떠한 부작용의 위험이 있는지에 대해서도 거의 알려진 바가 없다. 우리나라에서는 양방의료와 한방의료를 구분하여 규율하고 있으며 양자의 규율방식 또한 상이하다. 특히 새로운 의료기술이 개발된 경우 엄격한 임상시험절차를 거쳐 정당한 의료행위로 허가되는 양방의료의 경우와는 달리 한방의료는 그와 같은 절차가 존재하지 아니한다. 한편 <의료법>상 무면허 의료행위는 의료면허가 없는 자가 의료행위를 하는 경우 뿐만 아니라 의료면허가 있는 의료인이 자신의 면허영역 이외의 의료행위를 하는 경우도 포함하고 있다. 따라서 양방의료와 한방의료의 경계가 무엇인가에 대한 논의는 매우 중요한 논의 중 하나이다. 의료행위가 면허에 의하여 허가되며 보호받는 이유 중 가장 큰 것은 의료행위 자체가 가지고 있는 인간의 생명 신체에 대한 침해 가능성 때문이다. 새로운 의료행위가 출현한 경우, 그것이 양방의료의 영역이건 한방의료의 영역이건 정당화의 근거로 인간의 생명 신체에 대한 위험성을 항상 고려하여야 한다. 현재 이루어지는 약침행위는 아직 그러한 검증을 거치지 아니한 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.45-66
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find parameters to compare the effects of Sa-Am acupuncture with gall bladder jeonggyeok and seunggyeok on radial pulse in healthy subjects. Methods : 60 healthy subjects participated in this study and divided into the gall bladder jeonggyeok group (GB+ group), the gall bladder seunggyeok group (GB- group) and the control group. Radial pulse was measured by a 3 dimensional pulse imaging system (DMP-3000) before, immediately after, 30 minutes after and 60 minutes after acupuncture on the Cun, Guan and Chi in the GB+, GB- group and at the same time for the control group. Results : 1. The GB+ and GB- group exhibited significantly increased T, M4/M1 and decreased T1/T, T2/T, T5/T, M1, M2 compared to the control group. 2. The GB+ and GB- group exhibited significantly increased H4, Ad/Ap, RAI/HR and decreased As/Ap, Aw/Ap in the right Guan and decreased pulse power volume/min in the left Guan compared to the control group. 3. The GB- group exhibited significantly decreased M3, M3/M1 and increased M4/M1, M5, M5/M1 compared to the GB+ group. The GB+ group exhibited significantly decreased T4/(T-T4) compared to the GB- group. 4. The GB- group exhibited significantly decreased H1 in the right Guan, Chi, H4, pulse area in the right Chi, H5, pulse power volume/min in the left Chi, right Chi, and increased main peak angle in the right Guan, Chi compared to the GB+ group. Conclusion : The effect of gall bladder jeonggyeok and seunggyeok in healthy humans may be observed on various parameters. The parameters analyzed in this study may be used to differentiate effects between gall bladder jeonggyeok and seunggyeok on radial pulse. Further studies on the effects of Sa-Am acupuncture using radial pulse are needed.