• Molecules and Cells
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.331-339
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• 2007

It has been suggested that the structure and function of nuclear receptors are evolutionally conserved. Here, we compare the molecular functions of the nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) small heterodimer partner (nSHP/NR0B2) and the Dosage-sensitive sex reversal AHC critical region on X chromosome gene 1 (nDAX-1/NR0B1) with those of human SHP and DAX-1 (hSHP and hDAX-1, respectively). We found that, upon transient cotransfection of human cells, nDAX-1 repressed the activity of tilapia SF-1 (nSF-1) but not that of human SF-1, although the physical interaction with human SF-1 was retained. Similarly, nSHP repressed the activity of nSF-1, whereas hSHP did not, pointing to divergent evolution of SHP/SF-1 in fish and human. We thus propose that the repressive functions of SHP and DAX-1 have been conserved in fish and mammals although with different transcriptional targets and mechanisms. These differences provide new insights into the physiological diversification of atypical orphan nuclear receptors during vertebrate evolution.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.209-217
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• 1986

The functional molecular weight of band 4.5 polypeptide was measured by applying the classical target theory to radiation inactivation data of the cytochalasin B binding. Band 4.5 polypeptides purified from human erythrocyte membranes were irradiated at -45 to $-50^{\circ}C$ with an increasing dose of 1.5 MeV electron beam, and after thawing, cytochalasin B binding activities were assayed. Each activity measured was reduced as a simple exponential function of radiation dose. $D_{37}$, dose appeared to be 6.7 mega rads, from which the target size (radiation sensitive mass) of band 4.5 polypeptide was calculated to be 95,500 daltons. This result with other informations available in literature suggests that band 4.5 polypeptide may exist as a dimer in human erythrocytes.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.284-291
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• 2018

The role of androgens in the development of cardiovascular diseases remains controversial. The current study therefore sought to determine the changes in the histomorphology of the common carotid artery of the male rat in orchidectomy-induced hypogonadism. Twenty-two Rattus norvegicus male rats aged 2 months were used. The rats were randomly assigned into baseline (n=4), experimental (n=9), and control (n=9) groups. Hypogonadism was surgically induced in the experimental group by bilateral orchiectomy under local anesthesia. At experiment weeks 3, 6, and 9, three rats from each group (experimental and control) were euthanized, their common carotid artery harvested, and routine processing was done for paraffin embedding, sectioning, and staining. The photomicrographs were taken using a digital photomicroscope for morphometric analysis. Orchidectomy resulted in the development of vascular fibrosis, with a significant increase in collagen fiber density and decrease in smooth muscle and elastic fiber density. Moreover, there was development of intimal hyperplasia, with fragmentation of medial elastic lamellae in the common carotid artery of the castrated rats. Orchidectomy induces adverse changes in structure of the common carotid artery of the male rat. These changes may impair vascular function, therefore constituting a possible structural basis for the higher incidences of cardiovascular diseases observed in hypogonadism.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.119-122
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• 2008

The baculovirus/insect cell expression system is of great value in the study of structure-function relationships in mammalian glucose-transport proteins by site-directed mutagenesis and for the large-scale production of these proteins for mechanistic and biochemical studies. In order to exploit this, the effects of substitution at the highly conserved residue glutamine 282 of the human erythrocyte-type glucose transporter have been examined by in vitro site-directed mutagenesis. The modified human transport protein has been expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda 21 cells by using the recombinant baculovirus AcNPV-GTL. To assess the functional integrity of the expressed transporter, measurements of the transport inhibitor cytochalasin B binding were performed, involving the membranes prepared from 4 days post infection with no virus, with wild-type virus or AcNPV-GTL virus. Data obtained showed that there was little or no D-glucose-inhibitable binding in cells infected with the wild type or no virus. Only the recombinant virus infected cells exhibited specific binding, which is inhibitable by D- but not by L-glucose. However, there was a notable reduction in the affinity for the potent inhibitor cytochalasin B when binding measurements of AcNPV-GTL were compared with those of AcNPV-GT, which has no substitution. It is thus suggested that although the modified and unmodified human transporters differed slightly in their affinity for cytochalasin B, the glutamine substitution did not interfere the heterologous expression of the human transporter in the insect cells.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.315.2-315.2
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• 2002

The translationally controlled tumor-associated proteins (TCTPs) are a highly conserved and abundantly expressed family of eukaryotic proteins that are implicated in both cell growth and human acute allergic response but whose intracellular biochemical function has remained elusive. There are reports that antimalarial drug, artemisinin. binds to Plasmodium falciparum TCTP. however, its 3D structure has not been known. (omitted)

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 2th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.509-519
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• 2007

Private financing is playing an increasing role in public infrastructure construction projects worldwide. However, private investors/operators are exposed to the financial risk of low profitability due to the inaccurate estimation of facility demand, operation income, maintenance costs, etc. From the operator's perspective, a sound and thorough financial feasibility study is required to establish the appropriate capital structure of a project. Operators tend to reduce the equity amount to minimize the level of risk exposure, while creditors persist to raise it, in an attempt to secure a sufficient level of financial involvement from the operators. Therefore, it is important for creditors and operators to reach an agreement for a balanced capital structure that synthetically considers both profitability and repayment capacity. This paper presents an optimal capital structure model for successful private infrastructure investment. This model finds the optimized point where the profitability is balanced with the repayment capacity, with the use of the concept of utility function and multi-objective GA (Generic Algorithm)-based optimization. A case study is presented to show the validity of the model and its verification. The research conclusions provide a proper capital structure for privately-financed infrastructure projects through a proposed multi-objective model.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.322-331
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• 2005

Graduated compression stockings (GCS) have been widely used for the prophylaxis and treatment of venous diseases. Their gradient pressure function largely related to their fabric structure and material properties. By combing fabric physical testing and wear trials, this study investigated the GCSs fabric structure and material properties at different locations along the stocking hoses, and quantitatively analyzed the effects of fabrics on skin pressure longitudinal and transverse distributions. We concluded that, Structural characteristics and material properties of stocking fabrics were not uniform along the hoses, but a gradual variation from ankle to thigh regions, which significantly influenced the corresponding skin pressure gradient distributions; Tensile (WT, EM) and shearing properties (G) generated most significant differences among ankle, knee and thigh regions along the stocking hose, which significantly influenced the skin pressure lognitudinal gradient distribution. More material indices generating significant gradual changes occurred in the fabric wale direction along stocking hose, meaning that materials properties in wale direction would exert more important impact on the skin pressure gradient performances. And, the greater tensibility and smoother surface of fabric in wale direction would contribute to put stocking on and off, and facilitate wearers' leg extension-flexion movements. The indices of WT and EM of stocking fabrics in series A have strong linear correlations with skin pressure lognitudinal distribution, which largely related to their better performances in gradual changes of material properties. Skin pressure applied by fabric with same material properties produced pronounced differences among four different directions around certain cross-sections of human leg, especially at the ankle region; and, the skin pressure magnitudes at ankle region were more easily influenced by the materials properties, which were considered to be largely related to the anatomic structure of human leg.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2005

대공간의 쇼핑몰, 오피스 등과 같이 낮은 고유진동수를 가지는 구조물들은 사람의 활동에 의하여 큰 동적응답이 발생할 수 있다. 이러한 활동은 한 사람의 경우보다는 여러 사람에 의한 경우가 더 일반적이다. 본 연구의 목적은 구조물의 모드형상을 이용하여 보행자 전용 구조물과 같이 무리하중을 받는 구조물의 응답을 간단하게 평가하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 사람간의 상관관계가 고려된 무리하중을 받는 구조물의 응답에 관한 식을 유도하였다. 그리고 무리하중을 구성하는 개개의 하중의 연관성을 파악하기 위하여 두 개의 로드셀을 이용하여 하중간의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 구조물의 모드와 하중간의 상관관계에 대한 식을 이용하여 무리하중에 의한 응답을 구조물의 모드형상만으로 평가하는 방법을 제시하였다. 이 방법의 효율성을 확인하기 위하여 보와 바닥판의 예를 들어 무리하중을 동조시킨 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우에 대하여 응답을 평가하였으며 마지막으로 실제 사용중인 구조물을 대상으로 무리하중을 동조시킨 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우에 대하여 응답을 계측하고 이를 제시한 방법과 비교하였다.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1994년도 제2회 추계심포지움
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• pp.143-145
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• 1994

Chimeric fusion proteins involving IgG have proven valuable in studying protein-protein interactions and may possess therapeutic applications as well. For example, three receptor subtypes for the natriuretic peptides, when fused to the Fc portion of human IgG ${\gamma}$ chain, were quantitatively and qualitatively indistinguishable from the native receptor, thus allowing detailed structure-function studies of the receptor. In an attempt to block human immunodeficiency virus infectivity with soluble derivatives of CD4, a CD4/IgG Fc chimeric molecule was shown to increase the plasma half life of soluble CD4 and possessed the added advantage of IgG Fc-mediated placental transfer. In the case of the KGFR, this approach provided a framework for dissection of its ligand binding domains and made it possible to demonstrate that high affinity binding sites for two ligands, aFGF and KGF, reside within different receptor Ig-like domains. Chimeric molecules fused to immunoglobulins would have the advantages of secretion from transfected cells as well as detection and purification from medium utilizing Staphylococcus aureus Protein A. In addition, where highly related receptors make their discrimination very hard due to the difficulties in generating specific immunochemical probes, IgG fusion protein with tailor-made specificities confers particular advantages to elucidate patterns of receptor distribution and expression. The approach described here may have general applications in defining ligand-receptor interactions as well as searching for specific agonists and antagonists of receptor function.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2021

Mutations in the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptors (LH/CGRs), representatives of the G protein-coupled receptor family, have been rapidly identified over the last 20 years. This review aims to compare and analyze the data reported the activating and inactivating mutations of the LH/CGRs between human, rat, equine and fish, specifically (Japanese eel Anguilla japonica). Insights obtained through detailed study of these naturally-occurring mutations provide a further update of structure-function relationship of these receptors. Specifically, we present a variety of data on eel LH/CGR. These results provide important information about LH/CGR function in fish and the regulation of mutations of the highly conserved amino acids in glycoprotein hormone receptors.