• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.56 no.11
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• pp.465-473
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• 2013

The epidemiology of human group A rotavirus was analyzed by examining genotypic data acquired from 1989 to 2009 in South Korea. This information was derived from all the available published articles on rotavirus studies in South Korea, retrieved from both the PubMed and KoreaMed databases. Four common G types (G1, G2, G3, and G4) and three common P types (P[8], P[4], and P[6]) accounted for approximately 93% and 99% of the rotavirus reports, respectively. The G9 type was frequently detected after 2000, and because of this prevalence, it is considered to be the fifth most important G type rotavirus after the G1-G4 genotypes. Less common G types of the virus such as G12, G11, and G10 were detected in some geographic settings, and it is important to consider the context of these subtypes and their epidemiological significance. The P[9] virus genotype was observed in the study and has been discussed in many other studies; however, the P[3], P[10] and P[25] genotypes were rarely detected in the epidemiological research. In general, the distributions of the G and P genotypes showed temporal and geographical fluctuations, and a nationwide rotavirus vaccine program that targeted these genotypes demonstrated effectiveness in protecting against the circulating rotavirus strains. However, further analysis is needed to determine the true long-term effectiveness of these vaccines; the analysis should also consider the unexpected effects of vaccinations, such as vaccineinduced diseases, herd immunity, and changes in host susceptibilities.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.809-816
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• 2002

Chitosan is the deacetylated product of chitin. Chitosan and its derivatives have many properties that make them attractive for a wide variety of health applications. This study was conducted to investigate change of oligosaccharide content and antiviral effect on rotavirus of chitooligosaccharide and water soluble chitosan after heat treatment. The quantitative analysis of oligosaccharide using colorimetry showed that oligosaccharide contents in water soluble chitosan and chitooligosaccharide were decreased from 62.67% to 60.45% and from 59.48% to 54.31%, respectively, after heating. The inhibitory effect of chitosan derivatives on MA-104 cell infected with human rotavirus(HRV) measured using AEC staining method. The inhibition level of 0.125% water-soluble chitosan against cell infection by human rotavirus was 91.98 3.09% in HRV S2 and was 89.92 1.68% in HRV Wa. But, chitooligosaccharide had not shown inhibitory effect against cell infection by HRV. It considered that most oligosaccharide of chitooligosaccharides consist of oligomer of lower polymerization degree. Heat treatment of water soluble chitosan and chitooligosaccharide did not influence their antiviral effects on rotavirus.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.423-429
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• 2008

Throughout the world, rotavirus infections cause extensive morbidity in human infants and diarrhea in animals such as white scour caused by bovine rotavirus in calves. We isolated three rotavirus strains designated KV0407, KV0418, and KV0426 from 103 fecal samples of diarrheic calves. The genes coding for proteins VP4, VP6, VP7, and NSP4 from strain KV0407 were sequenced and compared with the nucleotide sequences of other known strains of rotavirus. The KV0407 VP4 gene was highly homologous to the OSU (99.4%) and JL94 (99.4%), but not the B223 (62.4%) and K33 (62.4%) VP4 genes. The KV0407 and KV0418 VP7 genes were most similar to the OSU and super-short type VMRI VP7 genes. Based on nucleotide sequence analysis, the KV0407 strain was tentatively assigned to A serogroup (SG I), G5P[7], NSP4 genotype B and the KV0418 and KV0426 strains were assigned to A serogroup (SG I), G6P[5], NSP4 genotype A. The genetic characterization of these bovine rotavirus isolates could be useful for the diagnosis and prevention of diarrhea in calves.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.89-100
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• 2002

The nonstructural glycoprotein NSP4, encoded by the 10th gene of rotavirus, has been known to play important roles in viral assembly and pathogenesis. The NSP4 genes of human rotavirus Korean isolates, designated as CBNU/HR-1, CBNU/HR-2, CBNU/HR-3, and CBNU/HR-4, were cloned, sequenced and characterized. Also, the NSP4 gene of the CBNU/HR-1 was expressed in a baculovirus-insect cell system. The sequence data indicated that the NSP4 genes of human rotavirus Korean isolates were 750 or 751 bases in length and encoded one open reading frame of 175 amino acids. Two glycosylation sites were recognized in the NSP4 gene of human rotavirus isolates tested. The NSP4 of CBNU/HR-1, CBNU/HR-3, and CBNU/HR-4 exhibited a high degree of amino acid sequence homology with that of NSP4 genotype B viruses, but a low degree of amino acid sequence homology with that of NSP4 genotype A viruses. However, the NSP4 of CBNU/HR-2 exhibited a high degree of amino acid sequence homology with that of NSP4 genotype A viruses, but a low degree of amino acid sequence homology with that of NSP4 genotype B viruses. The Sf9 cells infected with recombinant baculovirus, inserted with NSP4 gene of CBNU/HR-1, produced specific cytopathic effects and the expressed NSP4 was detected by immunofluorescence staining using NSP4-specific monoclonal antibody(MAb). The expressed NSP4 migrated at 16-26 kDa on SDS-PAGE and reacted with NSP4-specific MAb by Western blotting.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 2020

The zoonotic transmission of viral diseases to humans is a serious public health concern. Pigs are frequently a major reservoir for several zoonotic viral diseases. Therefore, periodic surveillance is needed to determine the infection rates of zoonotic diseases in domestic pigs. Hepatitis E virus (HEV), rotavirus, sapovirus (SaV), and norovirus (NoV) are potential zoonotic viruses. In this study, 296 fecal samples were collected from weaned piglets and growing pigs in 13 swine farms, and the viral RNA was extracted. Partial viral genomes were amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or nested-PCR using virus-specific primer sets under different PCR conditions. HEV-3, rotavirus A, and SaV genogoup 3 were detected from 11.5, 2.7, and 3.0% of the samples, respectively. On the other hand, NoV was not detected in any of the samples. Genetic analysis indicated that the nucleotide sequences of swine HEV-3 and rotavirus A detected in this study were closely related to those of human isolates. However, swine SaV was distant from the human strains. These results suggest that HEV-3 and rotavirus A can be transmitted from pigs to humans. Therefore, strict preventive measures should be implemented by workers in the swine industry to prevent infections with HEV-3 and rotavirus A excreted from pigs.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.371-376
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects of Phellinus linteus mushroom rice on food-borne pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus 305, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19114, Escherichia coli 0157:H7 ATCC 42894, Escherichia coli O55) and human rotavirus (KU, S2, YO, K-21). The results obtained are summarized as follows: The inhibitory effects of Phellinus linteus mushroom rice against food-borne pathogens; inhibition zone diameters for S. aureus 305, L. monocytogenes ATCC 19114 and E. coli 0157:H7 ATCC 42894 were 18mm, 20mm and 13mm, respectively. E. coli O55 did not form an inhibition zone. The inhibitory effects of l/3% Phellinus linteus mushroom rice on MA-104 cells using the MTT assay were, KU $90.52{\pm}18.42%,\;S2\;94.74{\pm}8.68%,\;YO\;59.77{\pm}8.68%$ and $K-21\;97.56{\pm}12.50%$. Phellinus linteus mushroom rice has inhibitory effects on the food-borne pathogens S. aureus 305, L. monocytogenes ATCC 19114 and E. coli 0157:H7 ATCC 42894, and human rotavirus (K-21, S2, YO, KU).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.93-93
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• 2003

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.397-402
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• 1992

The cDNA of RNA segment coding for VP7 of human rotavirus isolated from patient's stool at Seoul area was synthesized, amplified by polymerase chain reaction, field in with Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I and cloned into pUC19. The cDNA sequence was determined and compared with that of VP7 coding RNA segments of group A rotaviruses isolates in foreign country. Over 90% sequence homology was found with serotyppe I sepcific WA1 and RE9 strains. Comparative analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences within the two variable regions (amino acid residue 87 through 101 and 208 through 221) with WA1 and RE9 strains also showed high degree of sequence similarity with each other.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.369-377
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• 1998

Rotavirus is a major cause of severe gastroenteritis in young children and animals throughout the world. The VP7 of rotavirus is thought to induce the synthesis of neutralizing antibodies and to be responsible for determining viral serotypes. The cDNA coding for the VP7 capsid protein of human rotavirus, obtained from Korean patients (HRV-Y14), was cloned and its nucleotide sequence was determined. Comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequences between VP7 of Y14 and that of other foreign isolates showed $92.7~95.2\%$ homology to G1 serotypes (RV-4, KU, K8, WA), $74.2\%$ homolgy to G2 serotype HU-5, $76.4\%$ homology to G3 serotype SA-11, and $77.6\%$ homology to G4 serotype A01321. These data suggest that HRV-Y14 can be classified as a G1 serotype. cDNA coding for VP7 of HRV-YI4 was subcloned into the baculovirus vector and the VP7 glycoprotein was expressed in insect cells. The expressed proteins in Sf9 cell extract and tissue culture fluid were separated on SDS-PAGE, and Western blot analysis with monoclonal antibody raised against the synthetic peptide containing 21 amino acids within the VP7 conserved region was performed. The molecular weight of recombinant VP7 was estimated to be 36 kDa which is about the same size as the native VP7. Addition of tunicamycin in the culture media caused a reduction of the molecular weight of the recombinant VP7 indicating that the expressed protein was glycosylated.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.75-86
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• 1999

Rotaviruses belong to Reoviridae causes diarrhea in human beings as well as domestic animals. This study was conducted to see what type of human rotaviruses are distributed in Seoul and Kyung-gi province. Twenty two of 81 patients showed rotavirus positive with diagnostic kit and RNA electropherosis. We isolated all of rotaviruses from the patients. Electropherotypes of 22 isolates showed 4:2:3:2 pattern whereas those migration patterns were long type. All of those isolates belonged to group A. Twenty out of 22 isolates reacted with monoclonal antibodies specific to G1, P1A and subgroup II, whereas rest of them, A-29 and K-30 reacted with subgroup I specific monoclonal antibody. The nucleotide sequence of an isolate K-21 showed $98{\sim}100%$ and $90{\sim}96%$ homologies with those of Wa and KU strain, respectively.