• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.776-783
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• 2022

Since Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing(MEP) routing is a repetitive and experience-centered process that requires considerable time and human resources, if automated, design errors can be prevented and the previously required time and human resources can be reduced. Although research on automatic routing has been conducted in many industries, the MEP routing in AEC projects has yet to be identified due to the complexity of system configuration, distributed expertise, and various constraints. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the target subjects for MEP routing automation and the constraints of each subject. The MEP design checklist provided by a CM company and existing literature review were conducted, and target subjects and constraints were identified through process observation and in-depth expert interviews for five days by visiting a MEP design company. The target subjects were largely divided into six categories: air conditioning plumbing, air conditioning duct, restroom sanitary plumbing, heating plumbing, and diagram. The findings from interviews show that work reduction and error reduction has the greatest effect on air conditioning plumbing while the level of difficulty is the highest in air conditioning duct and restroom sanitary plumbing. Major constraints for each subject include preventing cold drafts on air conditioning pipes, deviation in ventilation volume in air conditioning ducts, routing order on restroom sanitary plumbing, and separation distance from the wall on heating plumbing. In this way, subjects and constraints identified in this study can be used for MEP automatic routing.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1190-1195
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to develop an assay for mequitazine (MQZ) for the study of the bioavailability of the drug in human subjects. Using one mL of human plasma, the pH of the sample was adjusted and MQZ in the aqueous phase extracted with hexane; the organic layer was then evaporated to dryness, reconstituted and an aliquot introduced to a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) system with ion-trap detector. Inter- and intra-day precision of the assay were less than 15.1 and $17.7{\%}$, respectively; Inter- and intra-day accuracy were less than 8.91 and $18.6{\%}$, respectively. The limit of quantification for the current assay was set at 1 ng/mL. To determine whether the current assay is applicable in a pharmacokinetic study for MQZ in human, oral formulation containing 10 mg MQZ was administered to healthy male subjects and blood samples collected. The current assay was able to quantify MQZ levels in most of the samples. The maximum concentration ($C_{max}$ was 8.5 ng/mL, which was obtained at 10.1 h, with mean half-life of approximately 45.5 h. Under the current sampling protocol, the ratio of $AUC_{t{\rightarrow}last}$ to $AUC_{t{\rightarrow}{\infty}}$ was $934{\%}$, indicating that the blood collection time of 216 h is reasonable for MQZ. Therefore, these observations indicate that an assay for MQZ in human plasma is developed by using GC/MS with ion-trap detector and validated for the study of pharmacokinetics of single oral dose of 10 mg MQZ, and that the current study design for the bioavailability study is adequate for the drug.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제44권9호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the preferences and utilization of green tea and its products for adults living in Chonbuk area. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 388 (117 male, 271 female) subjects. who were classified into 5 groups by age. Data were analysed by chi-square and ANOVA. The results can be summarized as follows. On the investigation of preferences, there was a significant difference between and among the age groups(p<.001). More than 20% of the subjects in the $20{\sim}29$ years group preferred coffee and juice. A half of the elderly over 60 years preferred a kind of green tea. The frequency of green tea drinking was not significantly influenced by age. Drinking green tea less than once a day was replied by 59.0% of the subject of whom 44.3% drank the green tea at home. and 42.0% got information about green tea from TV or radio. Regarding the satisfaction with products using green tea, 62.6% of the subjects responded only 'mediocre.' The brown rice-green tea was marked to be the highest in terms of recognition among all kinds of products. The green tea-related products were rated higher by the elder group. In conclusion, future research should focus on the development of green tea and its products in accordance with the consumption pattern in each age group.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제31권9_10
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• pp.1465-1474
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• 2007

We analyzed the effects of regular Jjimjilbang(Korean sauna) exposure on the heat tolerance in young and old females. Subjects were young(n=7) and old(n=7) females who never had a bath in Jjimjilbang for last year. Jjimjilbang training group took a bath in Jjimjilbang once a week 19 times. Jjimjibang expsure was limited three times per day, Jjimjil were taken free way. To prove the effects of the heat tolerance, Subjects were exposed to hot and humid air$(40.0{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C,\;60{\pm}5%RH)$. In the condition, subjects were taken a foot bathing$(40.0{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C)$ and simulated for 30 min., and rectal temperature, skin temperatures, clothing microclimate, blood pressure, total body weight loss, local sweat and subjective sensation were measured. The results are as follow: Rectal temperature, skin temperatures, clothing microclimate, total body weight and subjective thermal comfort sensation were decreased gradually(p<.001). Local sweat of upper arm was decreased(p<.01). In conclusion. the regular Jjimjilbang exposure has positive effects upon improvement in regulation of body temperature, especially in heat tolerance.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.339-344
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• 2008

Objectives : The objective of this paper is to discuss the importance of obtaining informed consent for conducting epidemiological studies and public health activities, based on the Report of the UNESCO's Working Group on Informed Consent. Methods : The Report of the UNESCO's Working Group on Informed Consent was reviewed and discussed in connection with the ethical considerations of public health activities and epidemiological research. Results : It was at the Nuremberg Trial for the German war criminals of the Second World War that the principle of 'consent' was first stated as a consequence of the medical abuses carried out during the War. As a result of the Trial, the Nuremberg Code came out in 1947. Since then, various international declarations or ethical principles on 'informed consent' have been developed and published. These ethical principles on 'informed consent' have mostly to do with the clinical research that involves human subjects, and not with epidemiological studies and public health activities. However, UNESCO recently issued a comprehensive Report on Informed Consent based on the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights adopted in 2005, and this included detailed guidelines on informed consent in epidemiological studies and public health activities. Conclusions : Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights emphasizes the principle of autonomy to protect the human rights of the human subjects involved in any public health activities and epidemiological research. As a practical guideline, obtaining informed consent is strongly recommended.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2018

Functional food research has been struggling to demonstrate their beneficial effects in human, however, the physiological changes in humans who are in the target for functional food are very subtle and long term. In addition, it is difficult to obtain significant beneficial effect because of the necessity of using relatively healthy subjects. Relatively healthy subjects are homeostatic, and most of the biomarkers maintain a certain level under the "normal" or "resting" state. Moreover, due to wide inter-individual variation, it is difficult to detect significant changes. To address this problem, research has been actively conducted to identify the efficacy of natural products using 'omics' and 'bioinformatics' technology. In this review, we would like to introduce the human intervention studies applied homeostatic challenge model.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2023

This study aims to analyze research trends related to the exhaustion of hotel employees and social workers and present the tasks and directions of future exhaustion research for hotel employees and social workers. To this end, 423 candidates for registration and registration of the Korea Research Foundation from 2012 to 2022 and master's and doctoral dissertations (178 papers) were analyzed according to the research period, research topics, research subjects, and research methods. As a result, from 29 papers in 2012, 49 studies were published in 2013, and 53 studies in 2020, indicating that they are gradually rising. Second, job burnout was the highest among hotel employees and social workers, followed by interpersonal relationships, practice, career, techno, safety accidents, and job burnout. Third, hotel employees and social workers were the highest among the subjects related to the exhaustion of hotel employees and social workers, followed by hotel employees and social workers. Fourth, quantitative research was conducted the most as a method for the exhaustion of hotel employees and social workers, and qualitative research was conducted a lot. According to these research results the study suggests that it is necessary to rediscover the meaning of research on burnout of hotel employees and social workers, which directly affects hotel employees and social workers, and to find ways for hotel employees and social workers to feel less burnout.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권8호
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• pp.832-840
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between diet quality and food cost and identify the effects of food cost on healthy diet among Korean adult. Among the subjects of 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey 1,641 men and 1,765 women aged from 30 to 49 years were selected and their information of dietary intakes, socio-demo-graphic information, and anthropometric data were analyzed. For the analysis, subjects were classified to quartile based on their daily food cost. Food guidelines provided by Korean Nutrition Society was regarded as a model of healthy diet. Subjects in the lowest quartile of food cost consumed inadequate amount of food from all food categories of the guidelines. Many subjects in the highest quartile not only satisfied the recommended amount of the Food Guide but also seemed to overeat high energy density foods. Even in the highest quartile, about 90% of subjects did not satisfied recommended amount of dairy products. According to the calculated cost of healthy diet, the average cost did not seem to be more expensive than the current mean food cost of the subjects, and most cost-sensitive food intake was observed in the meat fish beans eggs category. The implications of study results were: 1) all the high cost diets did not indicate the high quality of diet, 2) most practical matter of healthy diet in low income group seemed whether they could afford the expense of meat and fish, 3) nutrition education was required to most subjects for healthy diet.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2011

We present a new method for an automated markerless system to describe, analyze, and classify human gait motion. The automated system consists of three stages: I) detection and extraction of the moving human body and its contour from image sequences, ii) extraction of gait figures by the joint angles and body points, and iii) analysis of motion parameters and feature extraction for classifying human gait. A sequential set of 2D stick figures is used to represent the human gait motion, and the features based on motion parameters are determined from the sequence of extracted gait figures. Then, a k-nearest neighbor classifier is used to classify the gait patterns. In experiments, this provides an alternative estimate of biomechanical parameters on a large population of subjects, suggesting that the estimate of variance by marker-based techniques appeared generous. This is a very effective and well-defined representation method for analyzing the gait motion. As such, the markerless approach confirms uniqueness of the gait as earlier studies and encourages further development along these lines.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.188-210
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop syllabuses of basic nursing science subjects (Structure and Function of Human Body, Pathogenic Microbiology, Pathophysiology, and Mechanisms and Effects of Drug) based on learning outcomes. Methods: We developed a 3-phase plan to develop the syllabuses. In the first phase, The Korean Society of Biological Nursing Science (KSBNS) held a workshop in May, 2013 in which professors who are in charge of basic nursing science subjects shared opinions about learning outcomes. As a result, initial prototype syllabuses came out. In the second phase, revised syllabuses based on learning outcomes were presented and discussed in the conference held by KSBNS in November, 2013. In the last phase, a research team who taught basic nursing science subjects finalized the syllabuses during the meetings. Results: Syllabuses of 4 basic nursing science subjects were developed. Conclusion: These syllabuses of 4 subjects need to be disseminated throughout nursing colleges. Further revision needs to be made according to the circumstances and context of each school.