• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.82-95
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the needs for the managerial competencies of nurse managers in general hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used. The participants were 203 nurse managers, 141 head nurses or unit managers, and 62 directors or team managers from 17 general hospitals. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire with 42 nursing management competencies and 181 behavioral indicators. Participants rated the importance and performance of each indicator. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test, independent t-test, importance-performance analysis, Borich's needs assessment model, and locus for focus model. Results: In all 42 competencies, importance was rated significantly higher than performance. The head nurses or unit managers had high demands for "human resource development," "performance management," and "information management," while the directors or team managers had high demands for "change management." Competencies in high demand in both groups were "development of nursing standards" and "self-management." Conclusion: Based on the results, it is necessary to select priorities and prepare educational content when developing educational programs to strengthen the nursing management competencies of general hospitals' nurse managers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1145-1148
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• 2005

In this paper, we introduce a probabilistic model based on Bayesian networks (BNs) for inferring human fatigue by integrating information from various visual cues and certain relevant contextual information. Visual parameters, typically characterizing the cognitive states of a person including parameters related to eyelid movement, gaze, head movement, and facial expression, serve as the sensory observations. But, an individual visual cue or contextual Information does not provide enough information to determine human fatigue. Therefore in this paper, a Bayesian network model was developed to fuse as many as possible contextual and visual cue information for monitoring human fatigue. At the experiment results, display the utility of the proposed BNs for predicting and modeling fatigue.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.1541-1547
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• 2005

In this paper, Dualband internal antenna for GSM/DSC handset is proposed. The antenna has a size of about $38mm{\times}90mm{\times}1mm$, giving a total mobile phone PCB for support and fold type patch of about $30mm{\times}8mm{\times}3.2mm$. This antenna characteriatic facilitates the fine-tuning of the two operating frequencies of 909MHz and 1762MHz in the dualband design. The measured radiation pattern in the E-plane and H-plane for operating frequencies of 909MHz and 1762MHz is compared and analyzed. The designed and fabricated two band internal antenna for GSM/DSC handset have a gain between 0dBi and 2.0dBi at all bands. Also, the electric firld distribution and directivity on human head caused by portable phone is analyzed. An analysis model is composed of a human head model and the antenna mounted on the same ground plane as portable telephone size.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1073-1084
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• 2010

In this paper, the bio-heat equation including thermoregulatory functions is solved for an anatomically based human head model comprised of 14 tissues to study the thermal implications of high-power exposure to electromagnetic(EM) fields due to half-wave dipole antenna both at 835 and 1,800 MHz. The dipole antenna is located at the side of the ear and the front of the eyes. The FDTD method has been used for the SAR computation. When solving the BHE, the thermoregulation function and sweating effetecs are included in order to predict more exact temperature increase. It is noted that an approximately proportional relationship between the tissues and the maximum temperature increase and the antenna power is not maintained when the thermoregulation and sweating effects are fully accounted for under high power exposure.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.152-159
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• 2010

Finding a head of a person in a scene is very important for taking a well composed picture by a robot photographer because it depends on the position of the head. So in this paper, we propose a robust head tracking algorithm using a hybrid of an omega shape tracker and local binary pattern (LBP) AdaBoost face detector for the robot photographer to take a fine picture automatically. Face detection algorithms have good performance in terms of finding frontal faces, but it is not the same for rotated faces. In addition, when the face is occluded by a hat or hands, it has a hard time finding the face. In order to solve this problem, the omega shape tracker based on active shape model (ASM) is presented. The omega shape tracker is robust to occlusion and illuminationchange. However, whenthe environment is dynamic,such as when people move fast and when there is a complex background, its performance is unsatisfactory. Therefore, a method combining the face detection algorithm and the omega shape tracker by probabilistic method using histograms of oriented gradient (HOG) descriptor is proposed in this paper, in order to robustly find human head. A robot photographer was also implemented to abide by the 'rule of thirds' and to take photos when people smile.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2019

Background and Objectives: The antioxidant ebselen will be able to limit or prevent the ototoxicity arising from 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD). Niemann-Pick Type C (NPC) disease is a disorder of lysosomal storage manifested in sphingolipidosis. Recently, it was noted that experimental use of HPβCD could partially resolve the symptoms in both animals and human patients. Despite its desirable effect, HPβCD can induce hearing loss, which is the only major side effect noted to date. Understanding of the pathophysiology of hearing impairment after administration of HPβCD and further development of preventive methods are essential to reduce the ototoxic side effect. The mechanisms of HPβCD-induced ototoxicity remain unknown, but the resulting pathology bears some resemblance to other ototoxic agents, which involves oxidative stress pathways. To indirectly determine the involvement of oxidative stress in HPβCD-induced ototoxicity, we tested the efficacy of an antioxidant reagent, ebselen, on the extent of inner ear side effects caused by HPβCD. Materials and Methods: Ebselen was applied prior to administration of HPβCD in mice. Auditory brainstem response thresholds and otopathology were assessed one week later. Bilateral effects of the drug treatments also were examined. Results: HPβCD-alone resulted in bilateral, severe, and selective loss of outer hair cells from base to apex with an abrupt transition between lesions and intact areas. Ebselen co-treatment did not ameliorate HPβCD-induced hearing loss or alter the resulting histopathology. Conclusions: The results indirectly suggest that cochlear damage by HPβCD is unrelated to reactive oxygen species formation. However, further research into the mechanism(s) of HPβCD otopathology is necessary.

• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2019

Background and Objectives: The antioxidant ebselen will be able to limit or prevent the ototoxicity arising from 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD). Niemann-Pick Type C (NPC) disease is a disorder of lysosomal storage manifested in sphingolipidosis. Recently, it was noted that experimental use of HPβCD could partially resolve the symptoms in both animals and human patients. Despite its desirable effect, HPβCD can induce hearing loss, which is the only major side effect noted to date. Understanding of the pathophysiology of hearing impairment after administration of HPβCD and further development of preventive methods are essential to reduce the ototoxic side effect. The mechanisms of HPβCD-induced ototoxicity remain unknown, but the resulting pathology bears some resemblance to other ototoxic agents, which involves oxidative stress pathways. To indirectly determine the involvement of oxidative stress in HPβCD-induced ototoxicity, we tested the efficacy of an antioxidant reagent, ebselen, on the extent of inner ear side effects caused by HPβCD. Materials and Methods: Ebselen was applied prior to administration of HPβCD in mice. Auditory brainstem response thresholds and otopathology were assessed one week later. Bilateral effects of the drug treatments also were examined. Results: HPβCD-alone resulted in bilateral, severe, and selective loss of outer hair cells from base to apex with an abrupt transition between lesions and intact areas. Ebselen co-treatment did not ameliorate HPβCD-induced hearing loss or alter the resulting histopathology. Conclusions: The results indirectly suggest that cochlear damage by HPβCD is unrelated to reactive oxygen species formation. However, further research into the mechanism(s) of HPβCD otopathology is necessary.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.155-167
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• 2007

There are four types of human beings according to the Sasang Typology, Oriental medical doctors frequently prescribe healthcare information and treatment depending on one's type, The feature ratios (Table 1) on the human face are the most important criterions to decide which type a patient is. In this paper, we proposed a system to extract these feature ratios from the people's side face, There are two challenges in acquiring the feature ratio: one that selecting representative features; the other, that detecting region of interest from human profile facial image effectively and calculating the feature ratio accurately. In our system, an adaptive color model is used to separate human side face from background, and the method based on geometrical model is designed for region of interest detection. Then we present the error analysis caused by image variation in terms of image size and head pose, To verify the efficiency of the system proposed in this paper, several experiments are conducted using about 173 korean's left side facial photographs. Experiment results shows that the accuracy of our system is increased 17,99% after we combine the front face features with the side face features, instead of using the front face features only.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.06e
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• pp.133-136
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• 2002

EEG(Electroencephalography) is generated by electrical activity between neurons in cortical. Waveform of EEG is changed according to body and mental states. Therefore EEG is used to diagnosis of encephalophyma and epilepsy, etc. Also EEG is used to HCI(Human-Computer Interface). This paper describes estimation of orientation and location of dipole sources. The forward model is three-layer spherical head model and current dipole model. Using analytical solution, EEG is generated. Using MNLS(Minimum-Norm Least-Square) method, orientation and location of dipole moment is estimated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.169-179
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• 1997

The dynamic response of the human brain to direct impact was studied by three-dimensional finite element modeling. The model includes a layered shell closely representing the cranial bones with the interior contents occupied by an incompressible continuum to simulate the brain. Falx and tentorium modeled with 4 node membrane element were also incorporated. The computed pressure-time histories at 4 locations within the brain element compared quite favorably with previously published experimental data from cadaver experiments. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the impact direction on the dynamic response of the brain in children. A parametric study was subsequently conducted to identify the model response when the age and impact site were varied.