• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.64-76
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• 2003

농기계를 수리할 때 발생하는 안전사고와 대책에 관한 기초 자료를 얻기 위하여 제주도를 제외한 8개도 3개시의 289명의 정비사와 128개 정비업소를 대상으로 설문 및 청취 조사하여 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 농기계 수리시 사고율은 68.9%로 나타났고 기종별로는 경운기와 트랙터, 콤바인의 3 개 기종에서 84.8%의 사고율로 가장 높았다. 월별 사고 분포율은 농기계 이용이 많은 4~5월과 9~10월에 피크를 나타내었으며, 하루 중 시간대별 사고 분포율은 오전 10~11 시대와 오후 2~3시대에 높게 나타났다. 2. 사고 유형은 기계에 끼이거나 물림이 36.6%로 가장 높게 나타났고 사고 발생 장소는 수리 센터의 실내와 마당에서 60.4%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 사고 원인별 사고율은 인적 요인이 34.4%, 기계적 요인이 26.2%, 환경적 요인이 24.9%, 기타 외적 요인이 14.5%로 나타났다. 3. 사고 피해는 인적 피해가 98.4%, 물적 피해가 43.6%로 나타났다. 사고에 대비하여 보험이나 공제에 가입한 사람은 40.2%에 불과하였고, 추후 보험이나 공제에 가입할 의사가 없다는 사람이 22.5%나 되는 것으로 보아 앞으로 안전사고에 대비하는 새로운 인식 전환이 필요하다고 생각된다. 4. 인적사고의 상해 부위는 손가락, 손, 손목, 팔의 부위가 58.4%이었으며, 상처형태는 타박상, 찔림(찍힘), 찰과상이 74.7%를 차지하였다. 상해를 입힌 기계 부위는 동력 전달 벨트나 체인부, 예리한 칼날부, 협소한 기계 부위, 로터리 경운날 등으로 나타났다. 5. 인적 사고 상해자 1인당 평균 치료일수는 15.5일으로 나타났으며 1인당 치료비는 평균 189,200원이었고 사고로 인하여 정상 업무를 못한 일수는 1인당 평균 12.8일이었고, 정상 업무를 못한 경제적 피해액은 평균 469,300원이었다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.403-411
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• 2023

Objectives: Formalin is used as an anthelmintic in farms where flounder are raised. In this study, we aim to identify formaldehyde exposure levels for aquaculture industry workers and provide basic data for managing formaldehyde exposure. Methods: Exposure levels of formaldehyde in the air, including formalin spraying operations, were assessed separately for personal and area samples. In addition, considering the formalin administration method, dermal exposure to the hands was estimated when administering the chemical, and dermal exposure to the legs during water tank work was estimated by collecting water in the water tank and evaluating the amount of formaldehyde remaining. Finally, the respiratory exposure level and the estimated dermal exposure level were added to derive the total exposure level and compared with the maximum allowable human dose. Results: As a result of the airborne evaluation, the formaldehyde concentration of the worker (1 person) who performed the formalin spraying and flounder sorting was 33.61 ppb, and the arithmetic mean of formaldehyde concentrations of the workers (3 people) who only performed the flounder sorting was 3.28 ppb (range: 2.25-4.89 ppb). In the case of dermal exposure, when spraying formalin once, the amount was estimated to be 0.33-2.62 mg when wearing protective gear and 3.27-26.12 mg when not wearing it. Conclusions: There was a difference in the formaldehyde exposure level of workers depending on their operation of handling formalin and whether or not protective gear was worn. In particular, because the level of formaldehyde exposure due to dermal exposure can be significant, there is a need to improve formalin administration methods in a way that avoids skin contact as much as possible.

• 복식
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• 제18권
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• pp.111-131
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• 1992

This thesis was designed to study Symbolics of Chinese Liturgical Vestments. Chinese who regarded the life of human beings as the combination of heaven and earth considered garments as the traditional product of the movement of nature. Accordingly, they thought human beings are the center of the universe composed by heaven and earth and the chief of all things; therefore man only can utilize clothes to distinguish from all of the colours. This views of clothes led to the development of liturgical vestments esteemed courtesy than anything else, especially the thought of courtesy associated with Conficius who regarded courtesy as the highest things and since then the theory of Five Elements and courtesy were inherited by all the adherents of Conficius. Yin and Yang Five Elements in the liturgical vestments was given absolute symbolics in both formative side and in colourful side. results of research studied in this was can be summed up as follows : 1. The crown of rites was made imitating after the system of head, horn, beard, bread of birds and beasts and that form of crown is front-circ-ular and back-rectangular meant to be towards light and dark. That the upper part of faceplace is black represented the way of heaven and lower part of red symbolized the way of earth. 2. Upper vestment of liturgical rites symbolizes heaven and outskirt represented earth. So front of outskirt is YANG and back is Yin. It is why then are going to harmonize positive and negative making front part three width and back part four width. Therefore, emperor who symbolizes heaven made the subjects recognize high and low and wore Dae-gu(大 ), Kon-bok(袞服), Bel-bok, Chui-bok, and Hyonbok according to the object and position of rites so that he may rule the country based on courtesy. 3. As an accessory of liturgical vestments, Bul, Pae-ok, Su, Dae-dai, Hyok-Dai, Kyu, and Hol were used. Before Bul was used man dressed skirt as the first waist-dress in order to conceal intimate part of the body. Pae-ok, as decoration blended with jade was worn by men of virtue, so men of virtue symbolized morality and virtue by Pae-ok. Su began from Yeok, connected with Pae-su , in Chou-dynasty is said to be originated by practical needs and they are divided into large Su and small su, and maintained as decoration to signify the class positions. Dae-dai did the work as not to loose the liturgical vestments and leather belt hang Bul and Su to begin as the function of practical use are in later years it became decoration to symboliz e the class position. Kyu was a jade used when empeor nominated feudal lords and observe ceremony to God and Hol, was held in hands to record everything not to forget. These Kyu and Hol became to offer courtesy during the time of rites and in later years it became used according to class position rather than practical use. 4. As far as colours are concerned, colours based by five colours according to YIN-YANG Five Elements theory and they were divided into a primary colour and a secondary colours. Primary colours corresponded with the theory of Five Elements each other, Blue, Red, Tellow, White, and Black symbolized ive Elements, five hour space, five directions, and five emperors. Secondary colours contradict with Blue, Red, Yellow, White and Black and another as a primary colour and they are Green, Scaret, Indigo, Violet, Hun colour, Chu colour, and Chi colour. This primary colour was used in liturgical vestments, that is, upper-vestments used black colour. This primary colour was used in liturgical vestments, that is, upper-vestments used black colour as primary colour and outskirt was used Hun colour as secondary colours. Thus symbolism in chinese liturgical vestments mainly began with heaven and earth and corresponded with YIN-YANG Five Elements Scool. They were developed as the scholary theory and Conficius and his followers in the later days and continued up to Min-dynasty.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.597-606
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 채소와 과일 섭취 증진을 위한 영양교육이 행동변화단계의 진전에 따라 사회심리적요인에 변화를 초래하는지 파악하고자 초등학생을 대상으로 영양교육을 실시한 후 행동전단계를 두 단계로 나누어 이 두 단계 아동들의 채소와 과일 섭취의 장점과 단점에 대한 인지, 인지적 행위적 변화과정, 자아효능감의 수준 변화를 조사하였다. 충남 연기군의 한 초등학교 5학년 아동 71명에 대한 설문 조사에 의해 행동전단계 (고려전, 고려, 준비)로 분류된 47명을 대상으로 2007년 11월 19일부터 12월 24일까지 6주 동안 채소와 과일섭취 영양교육을 실시하고 교육전과 후에 사회심리적요인의 수준을 설문지법에 의해 조사하였다. 1) 영양교육 후 채소섭취의 장점에 대한 인지도 점수는 고려전단계나 고려 및 준비단계에 속한 대상자 모두에서 증가하였고, 단점에 대한 인지도 점수는 두 단계 모두에서 감소하였다. 그러나 과일섭취에 있어서는 장점에 대한 인지도 점수에서는 고려전단계와 고려 및 준비단계 모두에서 교육 후 변화가 없었으나, 단점에 대한 인지도 점수는 고려전 단계에 속한 대상자에서만 유의적인 감소가 나타났다 (p < 0.01). 채소섭취에 대한 장점과 단점에 대한 인지 개선 영양교육은 두 단계 모두에서 효과적이었다. 2) 영양교육 후 채소섭취의 인지적 변화과정에서는 고려전단계의 대상자에서 의식향상 (p < 0.001)점수가 증가되었고, 고려 및 준비단계에 속한 대상자에서는 걱정해소 (p < 0.01), 자기재진단 (p < 0.05), 환경재평가 (p < 0.01), 사회규범변화(p < 0.05) 등 여러 변수의 점수가 증가하였다. 과일섭취의 인지적 변화과정에서는 고려전단계에 있는 대상자에서 환경재평가 (p < 0.01)점수의 증가를 나타내었고, 고려 및 준비단계에서는 변화를 보인 변수가 없었다. 채소와 과일섭취의 행위적 변화과정에서는 모두 변화가 없었다. 3) 영양교육 후 채소섭취에 관한 자아효능감은 고려전단계에 있는 대상자에서 '채소를 보이는 곳에 둔다' (p < 0.01)와 '혼자 채소를 먹을 때 권장섭취 횟수만큼 먹을 수 있다' (p < 0.01). '채소 먹을 시간을 낼 수 있다' (p < 0.05)에서 증가를 나타내었다. 고려 및 준비단계에서는 고려전단계에서 나타난 '혼자 채소를 먹을 때 권장섭취 횟수만큼 먹을 수 있다' (p < 0.01)와 '채소 먹을 시간을 낼 수 있다' (p < 0.01)의 항목을 포함하여 '다양한 종류의 채소를 살 수 있다' (p < 0.01)에서 교육 후에 자아효능감이 높아졌다. 즉 채소섭취의 행동변화단계가 높아질수록 자아효능감의 수준이 성숙됨을 보였다. 과일섭취에 대해서는 영양교육 후 고려전단계에 속한 대상자에서 '과일을 보이는 곳에 둔다'의 자아효능감의 점수가 증가되었다 (p < 0.05). 이상의 연구결과에서 영양교육 후 행동전단계에 있는 아동들의 행동변화단계의 진전이 일어났고, 고려전단계와 고려 및 준비단계에서 모두 사회심리적요인의 수준이 높아졌으나 두 단계 간에는 교육효과의 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 과일에 비해 채소섭취와 관련된 사회심리적요인에서 교육 효과가 더 크게 나타났으며, 사회심리적요인들 중에서 판단 균형의 단점에 대한 인지도, 인지적 변화과정, 자아효능감이 영양교육의 평가지표로 사용될 수 있는 가능성을 보였다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.567-573
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 흉 복부 다중검출기전산화단층촬영(multi-detector computed tomography; MDCT)에서 상지를 머리 위로 위치 잡이 할 수 없는 경우 흉 복부에서 거리에 따른 인공유무를 평가하고자 하였다. 128-채널 MDCT로 흉 복부 CT를 위한 인체대상과 흉부 팬텀을 현재 임상에서 검사하고 있는 조건(120 kVp, 110 mAs, standard algorithm)으로 검사하였다. 인체 검사 시 한번은 팔을 머리 쪽으로 올리고 검사하고, 팔을 내린 후 동일한 조건으로 한 번 더 검사하였다. 흉부 팬텀 실험은 환자와 동일한 조건으로 검사를 하고, 상지팬텀을 흉 복부에서 일정한 거리(0, 3, 7 cm)를 두고 검사하였다. 목적하는 부위에 관심영역을 설정하여 CT 값, 노이즈, 신호 대 잡음비, 대조도 대 잡음비를 측정하여 평가하였다. 인체를 대상으로 획득한 영상에서 노이즈는 팔을 올렸을 때와 비교하여 팔을 내렸을 때 지방, 갈비뼈, 근육 모두에서 증가하였다(0.79, 47.8, 27%). 팬텀 영상에서도 상지를 아래로 내렸을 경우 근육, 폐 실질에서 노이즈가 증가하였다(31.2, 9.4%). 또한 상지의 위치가 흉 복부에서 멀어질수록(0, 3, 7 cm) 노이즈가 감소하였다. 근육에서 노이즈는 상지가 흉부와 붙어있을 경우(0 cm)를 기준으로 3 cm, 7cm 떨어졌을 때 5, 25.12% 감소하였고, 폐실질에서 5.6, 15.35% 감소하였다. 흉 복부 CT 촬영 시 갠트리 내 검사 이외의 부위(상지 등)가 위치할 경우 흉 복부로부터 약 3 cm 이상 거리를 유지시킨 후 검사를 진행하면 발생할 수 있는 인공음영을 최소화시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.231-238
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• 2010

本研究的焦点是品牌的拟人化. 品牌拟人化被定义为将品牌看作是人类. 具体来说, 本研究的目标是理解如何将品牌拟人化的方法. 通过分析消费者对食品包装上的故事的阅读, 我们试图展示行销者和消费者如何将一系列品牌拟人化并创造意义. 我们的研究问题是一个品牌对不同的消费者具有多个或单一意义, 联想, 个性的可能性. 我们首先强调了本研究在理论和实践方面的重要性, 解释了为什么我们关注作为品牌意义传递工具的包装. 然后我们阐述了我们量性研究方法, 讨论了结果. 最后总结了管理方面的启示和对未来研究的建议. 本研究先让消费者直接阅读品牌意义传递的工具然后让这些消费者口头自由表达他们所感受到的意义. 具体来说, 为了获得有关感知意义的数据, 我们要求参与者去阅读选择的品牌食品包装上的非营养的故事. 包装在消费者研究方面还没有得到足够的关注(Hine, 1995). 直到现在, 研究还是仅关注包装的实用功能并形成了探索营养信息的影响的研究主体. (例如Lourei ro, McCluskey and Mittelhammer, 2002; Mazis and Raymond, 1997; Nayga, Lipinski and Savur, 1998; Wansik, 2003). 一个例外是最近的研究, 将注意力转向非营养信息的包装说明, 并视其为文化产品和将品牌神话的工具(Kniazeva and Belk, 2007). 下一步就是探索这些神话活动如何影响品牌个性感知以及这些感知如何与消费者相关. 这些都是本研究所要强调的. 我们用深度访谈来帮助消除量性研究的局限性. 我们的便利样本的构成具有人口统计和消费心态学的多样化以达到获得消费者对包装故事的不同的感知. 我们的参与者是美国的中产居民, 并没有表现出Thompson(2004)所描述的 "文化创造者" 的极端生活方式. 九名参与者被采访关于他们食品消费偏好和行为的问题. 他们被要求看看12个展示的食品产品包装并阅读包装上的文字信息. 之后, 我们继续进行关注消费者对阅读材料的解释的问题. (Scott and Batra, 2003). 平均来看, 每个参与者感知4-5个包装. 我们的深度访谈是一对一的并长达半个小时. 采访内容被录音下来并转录, 最后有140页的文字. 产品赖在位于美国西海岸的当地食品杂货店, 这些产品代表了食品产品类别的基本范围, 包括零食, 罐装食品, 麦片, 婴儿食品和茶. 我们使用Strauss和Corbin (1998)提出的发展扎根理论的步骤来分析数据. 结果表明, 我们的研究不支持先前的研究所假设的一个品牌/一个个性的概念. 因此我们展示了在消费者看来多个品牌个性可以在同一品牌身上很好的共存, 尽管行销者试图创造更多单一的品牌个性. 我们延伸了Fournier's (1998) 的假设, 某人的人生计划可以形成与品牌关系的强度和本质. 我们发现这些人生计划也影响感知的品牌拟人化和意义. Fournier提出了把消费者人生主题(Mick和Buhl, 1992)和拟人化产品的相关作用联系在一起的概念框架. 我们发现消费者人生计划形成了把品牌拟人化和品牌与消费者现有的关注相关联的方式. 我们通过参与者发现了两种品牌拟人化的方法. 第一种, 品牌个性通过感知的人口统计, 消费心态学和社会个性所创造. 第二, 第二, 在我们的研究还涉及到品牌的消费者所存在的问题与消费者的个性被混合, 以连接到他们(品牌为朋友, 家庭成员, 隔壁邻居)或远离自己的品牌个性和疏远他们(品牌作为二手车推销员, "一群高管".) 通过关注食品产品包装, 我们阐明了非常具体的, 被广泛使用, 但很少深入研究的营销传播工具: 品牌故事. 近期的研究已经视包装为神话制造者. 对行销者来说要创作出和产品及消费它们的消费者相连的文字故事的挑战越来越大, 并建议 "为创造需求的消费者神话的构成材料的多样化是后现代消费者可论证的需求"(Kniazeva和Belk, 2007). 作为叙述故事的的工具, 食品包装可以食品包装可以用理性和感性的方式, 为消费者提供无论是 "讲座" 或 "戏剧"(Randazzo, 2006), 神话(Kniazeva and Belk, 2007; Holt, 2004; Thompson, 2004), 或意义(McCracken, 2005) 作为他们拟人化产品的构成材料. 孕育工艺品牌个性掌握在作家/营销人员手中, 在读者/消费者心目中. 这些消费者会赋予品牌有意义的脸谱.

• International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.185-194
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• 2012

A Macroscopic combination of two or more distinct materials is commonly referred to as a "Composite Material", having been designed mechanically and chemically superior in function and characteristic than its individual constituent materials. Composite materials are used not only for aerospace and military, but also heavily used in boat/ship building and general composite industries which we are seeing increasingly more. Regardless of the various applications for composite materials, the industry is still limited and requires better fabrication technology and methodology in order to expand and grow. An example of this is that the majority of fabrication facilities nearby still use an antiquated wet lay-up process where fabrication still requires manual hand labor in a 3D environment impeding productivity of composite product design advancement. As an expert in the advanced composites field, I have developed fabrication skills with the use of machinery based on my past composite experience. In autumn 2011, the Korea government confirmed to fund my project. It is the development of a composite sanding machine. I began development of this semi-robotic prototype beginning in 2009. It has possibilities of replacing or augmenting the exhaustive and difficult jobs performed by human hands, such as sanding, grinding, blasting, and polishing in most often, very awkward conditions, and is also will boost productivity, improve surface quality, cut abrasive costs, eliminate vibration injuries, and protect workers from exposure to dust and airborne contamination. Ease of control and operation of the equipment in or outside of the sanding room is a key benefit to end-users. It will prove to be much more economical than normal robotics and minimize errors that commonly occur in factories. The key components and their technologies are a 360 degree rotational shoulder and a wrist that is controlled under PLC controller and joystick manual mode. Development on both of the key modules is complete and are now operational. The Korean government fund boosted my development and I expect to complete full scale development no later than 3rd quarter 2012. Even with the advantages of composite materials, there is still the need to repair or to maintain composite products with a higher level of technology. I have learned many composite repair skills on composite airframe since many composite fabrication skills including repair, requires training for non aerospace applications. The wind energy market is now requiring much larger blades in order to generate more electrical energy for wind farms. One single blade is commonly 50 meters or longer now. When a wind blade becomes damaged from external forces, on-site repair is required on the columns even under strong wind and freezing temperature conditions. In order to correctly obtain polymerization, the repair must be performed on the damaged area within a very limited time. The use of pre-impregnated glass fabric and heating silicone pad and a hot bonder acting precise heating control are surely required.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.73-95
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• 1997

Elderly problem from being aging society, especially health related problem of the elderly is very serious in many parts of this country. The reason is that most of geriatric disease are chronic and debilitating. The cause of chronic and debilitating disease are bad lifestyle and wrong health habit. Health is affected by a result of interaction of environment and human being. Because of difference of lifestyle between a city and a farm village, health behavior and health status of urban elderly and rural elderly may be dissimilar. Thus the purpose of this study was to grasp health behavior and health status, to identify the factors that effect on health status of the elderly. The subfects for this study, 488 persons aged 60 and over who live in Seoul or Cheonbuk Province. The preliminary survey was carried out from Aug. 19, to Aug. 22, 1996. With complement of questions, main survey was carried out from Sep. 29, to Oco. 10, 1996. The data was analysed by using in SPSS/PC+ program. The results were as follows. 1. General Characteristics 1) In the individual characteritics of the respondents, Seoulites aged 80 and over were 24.7%, the average age was 73.14 years old and rural residents aged 60-69 were 63.7%, the average age was 68.90 years old. In Seoul, 142 men and 101 women were respondents. In Cheonbuk Province, 101 men and 144 women were answered. In Seoul, those who graduated form elementary school were 35.4%, in farming region, illiteracy persons were 44.9%. In Seoul, 47.7% of respondents had spouse and in farming village, 66.1% of respondents had spouse. 39.0% of respondents who's imcome type was independent were Seoulite, and 66.1% of respondents who's income type was independent were rural residents. Employed persons in Seoul and in rural region were 16.9% and 62.0%. 2. Health Behavior 1) For the health behavior total score, the difference by region was not statistically significant. But the score of individual item was different and statistically significant. 2) For the Seoulites, younger person(p〈0.01), the female(p〈0.001) showed better health behavior and for the farming village residents, younger person(p〈0.01), the female(p〈0.01), independent income type(p〈0.05), employed person(p〈0.05) showed better health behavior. 3. Health Status 1) For the self-rated health status total score, the difference by region was statistically significant and individual item score was different and statistically significant. For ADL and IADL total score, the difference by region was not statistically significant, but individual item score was different and statistically significant. 2) For the Seoulites, woman(p〈0.05), lower education(p〈0.00l), independent income type(p〈0.05) showed higher score in self-rated health status. For rural residents, woman(p〈0.05), lower education(p〈0.01), independent Income type(p〈0.001) showed higher score in self-rated health status. For the Seoul residents, younger person(p〈0.001), employed(p〈0.05) showed higher score in ADL and IADL, and for the farm area residents, younger person(p〈0.001), higher education(p〈0.01), having spouse(p〈0.001), family type(p〈0.01) showed higher score In ADL and IADL. 3) For the Seoulites, drinking(p〈0.05), breakfast(p〈0.05), exercise(p〈0.05) and for the rural residents, drinking(p〈0.05), deep sleeping(p〈0.05), exercise(p〈0.01), washing hands before meal(p〈0.01) showed higher score In self-rated health status. For the Seoulites, deep sleeping(p〈0.05), exercise(p〈0.05) and for the farm village residents, fruit(p〈0.05), deep sleeping(p〈0.05), exercise(p〈0.001) showed higher score in ADL and IADL. We carried out this study to analyze the effectiveness through health education program in short term which was performed to use the special subject activities. This study was conducted on 63 students who were first grade in S Junior High School from Dec. 1995 to Feb. 1996. To analyze the effectiveness, we performed the Pretest, 1st Posttest, and 2nd Posttest for learned health knowledge. The results were as follows: 1. Most of the students(69.8%) responded that their health were good, and they got the information for health through Mass Com.. The students who had experience of health education were 15.9%, and the 77.8% of the respondents needed the health education. 2. The means of health knowledge on tests were 18.2(Pretest), 21.5(1st Posttest), and 21.4(2nd Posttest). Increase of health knowledge between Pretest and 1st Posttest was 10.9%. 3. The mean of differences between Pretest and 1st Posttest was 3.26, it was significant(p〈0.01). And the mean of differences between Pretest and 2nd Posttest was 3.19, it was significant(p〈0.01);however, the mean of differences between 1st Posttest and 2nd Posttest was not significant(p=0.2514). 4. The significant main contents were Health Facilities(d=0.42), Pregnancy and Labor(d=0.39), Hygiene(d=0.35), Safety Education(d=0.66), and Drug Abuse(d=0.60)(p〈0.01).

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-27
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• 1996

Recently diseases related to personal health habit and lifestyle have become common in modern industrial society. These kinds of diseases can be prevented simply by changing one's lifestyle to be more healthy. As a result of realization our interest in general health has become stronger. The most basic environment for human-being in society is the home. Humans secure their livelihood, physically. mentally, and socially at home. Therefore health care at home is very important. In modern society the responsibility for this task is traditionally given to housewives. The purpose of this study was to measure the degree of the health knowledge, health concern, health behavior and family health care of the married women and to analyze its related factors. The subjects for this study. 1,100 married women who studied at social education institutes and who had children attending an elementary school or a kindergarten, were surveyed with questionnaires. The preliminary survey was carried out from Aug. 7, to Aug. 19, 1995. With complement of questions, the main survey was carried out from Sep. 11, to Sep. 30, 1995. The data was analysed by using the SAS program. The results were as follows. 1. General Characteristics (1) In the individual characteristics of the respondents, the married women aged 30-39 were 54.8%, the average age was 39.8 years old. 33.8% of respondents had 6-10 years of marriage period, and the average marriage period was 14.9 years. Most of them(96.5%) lived with their husband. Those who graduated from college and graduate school were 53.4%. And 68.3% of respondents had no job. (2) In the family characteristics, 69.3% of the married women had 3 or 4 family members and the average family size was 4.1 person. 60.0% of the respondents had 2 children. Most of the respondents(90.9%) had no married children. 84.8% of the respondents lived with their parents. Those who reported that the total family income was more than 2,500,000 won a month were 32.3%. When making the decisions, 68.5% of the married women discussed the family matter with their husband. (3) In the individual characteristics of the respondents, 51.5% answered they were in good health. 61.7% of the married women answered they obtained the health knowledge through mass media. 24.3% of the women answered they had patients in their family in these days. 67.5% of the respondents answered they could generally control their health by themselves. 2. The Health Knowledge, Concern and Behavior. (1) For the health knowledge, the average score was 11.8. The lowest percent of correct answer(27.8%) was in the item about the skin tests for tuberculosis. And the highest percent(97.%) was in the item about taking a rest. (2) For the health concern, the married women had the highest concern about washing hands. But they were indifferent to smoking. (3) For the health behavior, the highest score was in "changing socks and underwear everyday", and the lowest one was in "taking a regular dental examination". 3. The Family Health Care (1) For the family health care, the item of "using a drug with the order of doctor or pharmacist" had the highest grade(4.78), and "consulting with the family physician about the health problem" had the lowest grade(2.03). (2) Older women and the women with a longer period of marriage had the highest level of the family health care(p<0.001). The married women who had 3 children had the highest level of the family health care(p<0.001). Those who had 5 or 6 family member and higher income had the highest level had the high level of the family health care(p<0.01). Women in good health and those who had the health knowledge from health experts had a high level of the family health care. (3) For the correlation of the family health care and other variables, the health behavior showed the highest correlation with family heath care practice(r=0.74) and the second was health concern(r=0.43). The variables which could explain the family health care were health behavior, the health concern and married women's health status(r²=55.87). The most closely associated with family health care was health behavior(r²=54.93)

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.126-149
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• 2020

1950~60년대부터 현재까지 남한과 북한의 구석기 고고학 연구는 서로 다른 궤적을 그리며 달려왔다. 수십 년간 서로 다른 가치의 구석기 연구를 해 온 남과 북이 서로를 이해하기 위해서는 인위적인 노력이 필요하다. 북한 구석기 고고학의 궤적을 살펴보기 위해서는 그 궤적이 놓인 정치·사회적 지형을 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 다시 말해서, 북한 구석기 고고학을 '읽기' 위해서는 문헌의 정보를 살피는 동시에 문헌의 밖을 보는 시도가 필요하다. 북한의 구석기 고고학을 읽는다는 것은 고고학적 연구와 함께 북한의 정치·사회적 특성을 연동하여 살핀다는 의미를 지닌다. 이를 위해서는 정치적 메시지나 사회적 변혁에 따른 구석기 고고학의 변이를 관찰할 필요가 있다. 특히 '도서 정리 사업'이라는 정치·사회적 사건과 이에 따른 학술 자료 인용의 관계성은 대표적인 사례가 된다. 정치·사회적 일정과 관련하여 북한의 구석기를 읽기 위해서는 북한의 구석기 연구를 고고학적 자료와 같이 대하는 노력이 필요하다. 고고학적 자료를 각각의 속성으로 구분하여 연구하는 것과 마찬가지로, 1950~60년대 이후부터 현재에 이르는 북한의 구석기를 여러 속성으로 나누어서 볼 수 있다. 여러 속성, 즉 세부적인 연구 단위를 찾고 그 연구 단위의 변화를 읽어나가는 작업이 필요하다. 북한 구석기 연구 단위는 편년 연구, 사회 진화, 유물 조합, 인류 진화, 지질 환경으로 구분이 가능하다. 해당 다섯 가지 연구 단위의 세부적 내용은 변화하기 마련이다. 그 세부 연구 단위의 변화는 크게 1950~60년대 이후, 1970년대 이후 그리고 2000년대 이후로 나누어 관찰이 가능하다. 새로 조사된 고고 자료로써 각 연구 단위의 내용은 누적되는 방향으로 변화된다. 그런데 한편으로는 일종의 대응도 관찰된다. 각 연구 단위의 표지적 내용은 대체적으로 서로 대응되는 구조를 가지고 있다. 예를 들어 편년 연구의 특정 표지 개념은 인류 진화의 특정 표지 개념 그리고 사회 진화의 특정 표지 개념과 대응이 된다. 그 대응을 살펴보면 마치 잘 짜인 오면체 구조와 같은 모습을 보인다. 각각의 연구 단위가 서로 공고히 연결될 수 있게 하는 연결의 특징도 관찰된다. 이를 가능케 하는 중심 주제는 핏줄로 대표되는 민족주의라고 할 수 있다. 북한의 초기 구석기 연구를 벗어나 '조선민족' 개념의 확산 이후, 기원, 계승, 계통은 구석기 연구에서도 중요한 담론으로 자리 잡게 된다. 이 담론을 담는 기능으로 각 연구 단위는 중요한 역할을 하고, 이를 충실히 이행하는데 있어 연구 단위는 서로 공고히 연결되어 있다.