• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.92-100
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• 2022

Ginkgo biloba Leaf Extract (GBE) is an extract from leaves of the Ginkgo biloba tree, widely used as a health supplement. GBE can inhibit the proliferation of several types of tumor cell. Although it is known to have anti-cancer effects in breast cancer and skin cancer, research related to gastric cancer is still insufficient. Based on results showing anti-cancer effects on solid cancer, we aimed to determine whether GBE has similar effects on gastric cancer. In this study, the anti-cancer effect of GBE in gastric adenocarcinoma was investigated by confirming the cell proliferation inhibitory effect of AGS cells. We also evaluated whether GBE regulates expression of the tumor suppressor protein p53 and Rb. GBE has apoptotic effects on AGS cells that were confirmed by changes in anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and pro-apoptosis protein Bax levels. Wound healing and cell migration were also decreased by treatment with GBE. Furthermore, we verified the effects of GBE on mitogenic signaling by investigating AKT target gene expression levels and revealed downregulated Sod2 and Bcl6 expression. We also confirmed that expression of inflammation-related genes decreased in a time-dependent manner. These results indicate that GBE has an anti-cancer effect on human gastric cancer cell lines. Further research on the mechanism of the anti-cancer effect will serve as basic data for possible anti-cancer drug development.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1485-1492
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• 2015

Makgeolli is a traditional wine in Korea and has been traditionally believed to exhibit health benefits. However, the inhibitory effect of dealcoholized makgeolli (MK) on cancer has never been investigated scientifically. In this study, MK exhibited an anti-angiogenic effect by inhibiting tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, without cytotoxicity. Treatment with MK reduced the proliferation of AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner and increased the sub-G1 population. Next, we evaluated whether MK could induce apoptosis in AGS cells by using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay or Annexin V method. Treatment with MK at 500 and 1,000 μg/ml increased the number of TUNEL-positive AGS cells. Under the same conditions, MK-treated (500 and 1,000 μg/ml) cells showed significant induction of early or late apoptosis, compared with untreated cells (no induction). In addition, MK also induced phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression in AGS cells. However, p53 expression in AGS cells was not changed by MK treatment. Furthermore, MK at 500 mg/kg·d reduced the tumor size and volume in AGS tumor xenografts. Taken together, MK may be useful for the prevention of cancer cell growth.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3491-3497
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• 2013

Background: Gastric and esophageal cancers are among the most lethal human malignancies worldwide. Of all malignancies estimated in Iran (47,100), gastric and esophageal cancers were responsible for 7,800 and 3,500 deaths in 2008 respectively. The present study aimed to provide an image of patho-epidemiological characteristics with their trends during two past decades with emphasis on topographic, morphologic, and some demographic features. Materials and Methods: In a hospital-based retrospective study in 2009, all pathological reports from esophageal endoscopies and gastric biopsies through a 20 years period (1989-2008) were collected and analyzed in four interval periods(five years each). Also, all eligible samples in hospital archives were enrolled for further testing. Besides, demography, topography and morphology of all samples were determined and analyzed by statistical software. Results: No significant statistical difference was seen in frequency of espohageal and gastric tumors throughout the study. Esophageal cancer cases were older than gastric. Sex ratio was 2.33/1 and men had a higher rate of both esophageal and gastric tumors. Stomach cancer included 64.3% of all cases. Inferior third and end of esophagus were common locations for esophageal tumors whereas proximal stomach was common for gastric tumors. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma were common morphological types of tumors in esophagus and stomach respectively. Conclusions: Morphological trends showed an increase of esophageal adenocarcinoma and diffuse/intestinal ratio in stomach cancers. Trends in incidence from gastric cancer decreased based on topographic studies but we could not find a topographical trend toward cadia.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.5189-5193
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• 2016

Objective: Dorema glabrum Fisch. & C.A. Mey is a perennial plant that has several curative properties. Anti-proliferative activity of seeds of this plant has been demonstrated in a mouse fibrosarcoma cell line. The aim of the present study was to evaluate cytotoxicity of D. glabrum root extracts in a human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cell line and explore mechanisms of apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest and altered gene expression in cancer cells. Materials and Methods: The MTT assay was used to evaluate IC50 values, EB/AO staining to analyze the mode of cell death, and flow cytometry to assess the cell cycle. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) amplification was performed with apoptosis and cell cycle-related gene primers, for cyclin D1, c-myc, survivin, VEGF, Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 to determine alteration of gene expression. Results: Our results showed that n-hexane and chloroform extracts had greatest toxic effects on gastric cancer cells with IC50 values of $6.4{\mu}g/ml$ and $4.6{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, after 72 h. Cell cycle analysis revealed that the population of treated cells in the G1 phase was increased in comparison to controls. Cellular morphological changes indicated induction of apoptosis. In addition, mRNA expression levels of Bax and caspase-3 were increased, and of bcl-2 survivin, VEGF, c-myc and cyclin D1 were decreased. Conclusion: Our study results suggest that D. glabrum has cytotoxic effects on AGS cells, characterized by enhanced apoptosis, reduced cell viability and arrest of cell cycling.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.6031-6034
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• 2013

This study describes recent trends in incidence, survival and prevalence of subgroups of esophageal and gastric cancer in Linzhou city between 2003 and 2009. Data of esophageal and gastric cancer for the period of interest were extracted from the Linzhou Cancer Registry. Using information on tumor morphology or anatomical site, data were divided into six groups; esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal adenocarcinoma, other and unspecified types of esophageal cancer, and cardia, non-cardia, and unspecified anatomical site of stomach cancer. Incidence, survival and prevalence rates for each of the six cancer groups were calculated. The majority of esophageal cancers were squamous cell carcinomas (82%). Cardiac cancer was the major gastric cancer group (64%). The incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardiac cancer increased between 2003 and 2009. Both esophageal and gastric cancer had a higher incidence in males compared with females. Overall survival was poor in all sub-groups with 1 year survival ranging from 45.9 to 65.6% and 5 year survival ranging from 14.7 to 30.5%. Prevalence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardiac cancer was high (accounting for 80% overall). An increased focus on prevention and early diagnosis, especially in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardiac cancer, is required.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.71-83
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• 2005

Chelidonii Herba (Baekgulchae in Korean: CHE), a commonly used herb in Korea, Japan and China, is widely used in the treatment of stomach cancer, jaundice, gastric ulcer, edema and pain of stomach. In the present study, we demonstrated that CHE induces apoptosis in AGS cells, human stomach adenocarcinoma cell line. One of the most important recent advances in cancer research is the recognition that apoptosis plays a major role in both tumor formation and treatment response, In this study, CHE caused a decrease of viability in AGC cells. When AGS cells were treated with CHE, cells showed dose-dependent manner apoptotic cell death. Increased apoptotic cell death, exposured to CHE, resulted from induction of Bad translocation to mitochondria, cytochrome-c release from mitochondria to cytosol, activation of caspase-3, 8, 9, and PARP cleavage. These results suggest that CHE may be potential therapeutic approach in the clinical management of stomach adenocarcinoma.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.250-254
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• 2002

The anticancer effects of leek (buchu in Korean) kimchi were evaluated in the human cancer cells: AGS gastric adenocarcinoma cells, HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells and HL-60 leukemia cells. The leek kimchi (fermented for 6 days at 15$^{\circ}C$) was fractionated into 7 groups: methanol extract, hexane extract, methanol soluble extract MSE), dichloromethane (DCM) fraction (fr.), ethyl acetate fr., butanol fr. and aqueous fr. Most of the leek kimchi tractions inhibited the growth of AGS and HT-29 cancer cells in a dose dependent manner. In particular, the DCM fr. showed the highest inhibitory effect among the tractions. Treatment with the DCM fr. (0.1 mg/mL) reduced the survival rates of AGS and HT-29 cancer cells to 19% and 37% of the controls, respectively. Moreover the DCM fr. of the leek kimchi arrested G2/M phase in the cell cycle and induced apoptosis in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells. These results indicate that the leek kimchi exerted an anticancer effect on those human cancer cells, and that the DCM fr. arrested G2/M phase in the cell cycle and induced apoptosis in the leukemia cells.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2003

A new series of highly water soluble platinum(II) complexes[Pt(II)(DL-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate)(trans-l-1,2-dimninocyc1ohexane)] (PC-1) and [Pt(II)DL-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate](cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)](PC-2) were synthesized and characterized by their elemental analysis and by various spectroscopic techniques [infrared(IR), $^{13}C$-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)]. In vitro antitumor activity of new Pt(II)complexes was tested against MKN-45, MKN/ADM and MKN/CDDP human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines using colorimetric MTT[3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide] assay for cell survival and proliferation. PC-1 and PC-2 showed active against MKN-45/P, MKN/ADM and MKN/CDDP human gastric cancer cell lines, and the antitumor activity of these compounds were comparable or superior to that of cisplatin. The nephrotoxicities of PC-1 and PC-2 were found quite less then that of cisplatin using MTT and [$^3H$] thymidine uptake tests in rabbit proximal tubule cells, human kidney cortical cells human renal cortical tissues. Based on these results, these novel platinum(II) complex compounds(PC-1 ＆ PC-2) represent a valuable lead in the development of the new anticancer chemotherapeutic agents capable of improving antitumor activity and low nephrotoxicity.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.521-527
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• 2009

Previously, we have reported tissue- and stage-specific expression of miR-372 in human embryonic stem cells and so far, not many reports speculate the function of this microRNA (miRNA). In this study, we screened various human cancer cell lines including gastric cancer cell lines and found first time that miR-372 is expressed only in AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line. Inhibition of miR-372 using antisense miR-372 oligonucleotide (AS-miR-372) suppressed proliferation, arrested the cell cycle at G2/M phase, and increased apoptosis of AGS cells. Furthermore, AS-miR-372 treatment increased expression of LATS2, while over-expression of miR-372 decreased luciferase reporter activity driven by the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of LATS2 mRNA. Over-expression of LATS2 induced changes in AGS cells similar to those in AGS cells treated with AS-miR-372. Taken together, these findings demonstrate an oncogenic role for miR-372 in controlling cell growth, cell cycle, and apoptosis through down-regulation of a tumor suppressor gene, LATS2.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.372-374
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• 2001

Three simple carboxamides incorporating the phenethylamine moiety have been isolated from strain XR-NC of a symbiotic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophilus. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic data and synthesis. The compounds exhibited significant cytotoxicities against human cancer-cell line, viz. the gastric adenocarcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma.