• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(5)
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• pp.137-140
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• 2002

We introduce a personal identification method which can find user's ID without any help of the user. To do this, there has been two approaches, vision-based and pressure-based. Pressure-based approach has some advantages compared than vision-based one in the aspects of illumination, occlusion, and the amount of data. In the previous study about pressure-based personal identification, there are some restrictions about human body posture for extracting normalized footprints. Since this approach cannot be extended unconscious and continuos identification, we suppose more natural method and verified it by experiments.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.401-412
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• 2013

물발자국은 제품과 서비스를 생산하는데 전과정 혹은 전체 공급망에서 사용된 담수의 양을 나타낸다. 물발자국 평가는 인간의 활동과 관련된 물의 희소성 및 오염과 관련된 정보를 파악하는데 보다 많은 정보를 주기 때문에 물소비관점에서 지속가능한 물관리에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 물발자국 제도의 도입을 위해서 물발자국 데이터베이스/물계정이 필수적인데 국내에서 전 산업부분에 적용할 수 있는 DB가 전무하다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 산업연관분석법을 이용해 국내의 403개 산업분야에 대한 물발자국 인벤토리를 개발하는 것이다. 주요 연구결과로는 농업분야의 물사용량이 전체 직접수의 79%를 차지하며, 공업분야는 간접수의 사용량이 82%로 주를 이루는 것으로 분석되었다. 물사용량은 벼가 가장 많지만, 다음은 수산양식과 과일 생산으로 조사되었고, 가장 물사용강도($m^3$/원)가 높은 것은 비식용작물(103,263 $m^3$/백만원)로 분석되었고, 이와 같은 결과는 비식용작물(초지생산등)의 직접수는 많지만 경제적 가치가 매우 낮아 높은 물사용강도를 보여주고 있다. 다음은 육림, 철광석, 원목, 수산양식, 상수도, 잡곡 등의 순으로 물사용 강도가 높게 나타났다. 전체적 관점에서 총 물사용량중56%가 간접수가 차지하기 때문에 간접수를 고려한 산업분야의 수자원관리, 즉 공급망에서 전과정을 고려한 관리가 물사용 효율성을 높이는데 중요하다는 것을 알 수 있다. 전과정 개념과 산업연관분석법을 이용한 물사용강도 자료는 물발자국 도입시 제품단위 물발자국 산정의 기초 인벤토리로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.81-81
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• 1997

We previously demonstrated an enhancer-like positive regulatory element within a 259-bp sequence (-2352 to-2094 bp) of the human CYP1A2 gene in HepG2 cells. Three protein binding sites were identified by DNase I footprint analyses within the 259-bp sequence: protected region A PRA ( -2283 to-2243 bp), PRB (-2218 to-2187 bp), and PRC (-2124 to-2098 bp) (I. Chung and E. Bresnick, Mol. Pharmacol. 47, 677-685, 1995). In the present study, the functional significance of those protected regions was examined. Transfection experiments with deletion and substitution mutants defined the PRB and PRC as containing positive and negative regulatory elements, respectively. Human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells were cotransfected with a hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 (HNF-1) expression vector and CYP1A2 promoter-or thymidine kinase promoter-luciferase remoter gene constructs. HNF-1, which contributes to the liver specificity of genes, enhanced reporter gene activity in a PRC sequence-dependent manner. These results suggested that PRC could exist bound to a repressor which was displaceable by other transcription factors such as HNF-1. Results obtained by transfection of HepG2 hepatoma cells with various PRB substitution mutant-luciferase gene fusion constructs indicated that the entire sequence of PRB was necessary for promoter activity. Consequently, the regulation of CYP1A3 expression is very complex, requiring a number of both positive and negative regulatory factors.

• 한국농림기상학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농림기상학회 2013년도 추계 학술발표논문집
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• pp.30-31
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• 2013

Land use and land cover change (LULCC) due to human activities directly affects natural systems and contributes to changes in carbon exchange and climate through a range of feedbacks. How land use and land cover changes affect carbon exchanges can be assessed using multiyear measurement data from micrometeorological flux towers. The objective of the research is to assess the impact of land use and land cover change on carbon exchange in a heterogeneous cropland area. The heterogeneous cropland area in Haenam, South Korea is also subjected to a land conversion due to rural development. Therefore, the impact of the change in land utilization in this area on carbon exchange should be assessed to monitor the cycle of energy, water, and carbon dioxide between this key agricultural ecosystem and the atmosphere. We are currently conducting the research based on 10 years flux measurement data from Haenam Koflux site and examining the LULCC patterns in the same temporal scale to evaluate whether the LULCC in the surrounding site and the resulting heterogeneity (or diversity) have a significant impact on carbon exchange. Haenam cropland is located near the southwestern coast of the Korean Peninsula with land cover types consisting of scattered rice paddies and various croplands (seasonally cultivated crops). The LULCC will be identified and quantified using remote sensing satellite data and then analyzing the relationships between LULCC and flux footprint of $CO_2$ from tower flux measurement. We plan to calculate annual flux footprint climatology map from 2003 to 2012 from the 10 years flux observation database. Eventually, these results will be used to quantify how the system's effective performance and reserve capacity contribute to moving the system towards more sustainable configuration. Broader significance of this research is to understand the co-evolution of the Haenam agricultural ecosystem and its societal counterpart which are assumed to be self-organizing hierarchical open systems.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2012

세계인구는 산업혁명 이후 급격히 증가하여 2012년 현재 약 70억 명이며, 2025년에는 80억 명까지 증가할 것으로 예측되고 있다. 개발도상국에서는 삶의 질이 개선됨에 따라 자원과 에너지의 수요가 전세계적으로 증가하고 있다. 결과적으로, 인류는 지구온난화, 물 부족, 식량부족, 자원 및 에너지 위기 등의 전지구적인 시급한 문제에 직면하고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위한 이산화탄소 해양격리, 해수담수화, 인공용승, 심해자원(개발), 해양에너지 등의 해양활용기술이 발전되고 있다. 이러한 기술들은 지속가능한 사회시스템보다는 화석연료에 기반한 편리함으로 인하여 발전되었기 때문에 지속가능성 및 공공의 수용 관점에서 이러한 기술들을 평가하는 것이 중요하다. 일본 조선해양공학회의 포괄적 해양압력 평가 및 분류기술 연구위원회는 지속가능성과 공공의 수용 입장에서 해양활용기술을 평가하기 위하여 환경 지속성과 경제적 타당성을 예측하는데 이용되는 지시자로써 트리플 I을 제안한 바 있다. 본 논문에서는 생태발자국과 환경영향평가가 결합된 트리플 I 지수, 트리플 I 지수의 개념과 구조, 트리플 I에서 경제-생태 전환 계수에 대하여 다루고 있다.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2020

A Language model with neural networks commonly trained with likelihood loss. Such that the model can learn the sequence of human text. State-of-the-art results achieved in various language generation tasks, e.g., text summarization, dialogue response generation, and text generation, by utilizing the language model's next token output probabilities. Monotonous and boring outputs are a well-known problem of this model, yet only a few solutions proposed to address this problem. Several decoding techniques proposed to suppress repetitive tokens. Unlikelihood training approached this problem by penalizing candidate tokens probabilities if the tokens already seen in previous steps. While the method successfully showed a less repetitive generated token, the method has a large memory consumption because of the training need a big vocabulary size. We effectively reduced memory footprint by encoding words as sequences of subword units. Finally, we report competitive results with token level unlikelihood training in several automatic evaluations compared to the previous work.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2015

The three processes of 1) high- & low-temperature microwave heatings, 2) the soil washing, and 3) the thermal desorption processes in soil remediation are analysed on the treatment cost data for 2003-2012 years. The cost of microwave heating method with at temperature 500-700℃, for 30 minutes, and at 4-6 kW is approximately 10 $/ton (13,000 ₩) due to the deep through heating of micro-wave, the soil washing with chemicals is about 80 $/ton (85,000 ₩) due to the chemicals & duration, and the thermal desorption process is around 40 $/ton (41,000 ₩) from the less efficiency. Furthermore the sustainability has been assessed, and suggestions are made. 1) Green; the minimal environmental footprint, 2) Growth; the least cost, 3) Shared; the social & environmental justice, 4) Smart; the microwave characteristics of deep through irradiation & heating, and 5) Mutuality; the flexibility of the technology. More additives including water, the government support, and public relation are suggested realizing the microwave in this condition is not harmful to human beings.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.869-877
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• 2004

This paper deals with motion planning algorithm for kinematically redundant manipulators that are not fixed to the ground. Differently from usual redundant manipulators fixed to the ground, the stability issue should be taken into account to prevent the robot from falling down. The typical ZMP equation, which is employed in human walking, will be employed to evaluate the stability. This work proposes a feed forward ZMP planning algorithm. The algorithm embeds the 'ZMP equations' indirectly into the kinematics of the kinematic model of a manipulator via a ZMP stability index The kinematic self motion of the redundant manipulator drives the system in such a way to keep or plan the ZHP at the desired position of the footprint. A sequential redundancy resolution algorithm exploiting the remaining kinematic redundancy is also proposed to enhance the performances of joint limit index and manipulability. In addition, the case exerted by external forces is taken into account. Through simulation for a 5 DOF redundant robot model, feasibility of the proposed algorithms is verified. Lastly, usual applications of the proposed kinematic model are discussed.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.173-176
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• 2022

Intravenous catheterization is a common procedure in human and veterinary medicine. Occasionally, a catheter might break within the blood vessel, and the fragment may cause embolization, infections, or other severe complications, and therefore must be removed promptly. For a successful and low-risk removal, the fragment should be localized accurately; however, ultrasound may be challenging to perform on small dogs due to inadequate probes. We report the case of a 2-year-old, 2.6 kg, intact female toy poodle that presented to the veterinary medical center owing to a recent onion intake; the owner requested to induce emesis. A 24 gauge peripheral intravenous catheter was inserted into the cephalic vein prior to the emetic injection. When the clinician removed the catheter, a device breakage was observed. A tourniquet was applied immediately proximal to the elbow. Ultrasonography was performed with a high-frequency small-footprint linear array transducer, also called a hockey-stick probe, to localize the fragment. An additional ultrasound was performed before surgery to confirm the location of the catheter piece, which migrated 5 cm proximally. Afterward, a surgical intervention allowed us to retrieve the fragment. This report highlights the effectiveness of a hockey-stick probe to determine the location of a catheter fragment in small breed dogs.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2020

최근 심층 신경망 (Deep Neural Networks, DNNs)는 모바일 및 임베디드 디바이스에 인간과 유사한 수준의 인공지능을 제공해 많은 응용에서 혁명을 가져왔다. 하지만, 이러한 DNN의 높은 추론 정확도는 큰 연산량을 요구하며, 따라서 기존의 사용되던 모델을 압축하거나 리소스가 제한적인 디바이스를 위해 작은 풋프린트를 가진 새로운 DNN 구조를 만드는 방법으로 DNN의 연산 오버헤드를 줄이기 위한 많은 노력들이 있어왔다. 이들 중 최근 작은 메모리 풋프린트를 갖는 모델 설계에서 주목받는 기법중 하나는 레이어 간에 패러미터를 공유하는 것이다. 하지만, 기존의 패러미터 공유 기법들은 ResNet과 같이 패러미터에 중복(redundancy)이 높은 것으로 알려진 깊은 심층 신경망에 적용되어왔다. 본 논문은 ShuffleNetV2와 같이 이미 패러미터 사용에 효율적인 구조를 갖는 소형 신경망에 적용할 수 있는 패러미터 공유 방법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법은 작은 크기의 템플릿과 레이어에 고유한 작은 패러미터를 결합하여 가중치를 생성한다. ImageNet과 CIFAR-100 데이터셋에 대한 우리의 실험 결과는 ShuffleNetV2의 패러미터를 15%-35% 감소시키면서도 기존의 패러미터 공유 방법과 pruning 방법에 대비 작은 정확도 감소만이 발생한다. 또한 우리는 제안된 방법이 최근의 임베디드 디바이스상에서 응답속도 및 에너지 소모량 측면에서 효율적임을 보여준다.