• 한국가스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.180-185
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• 2007

Likelihood analysis was used for the revision of release probability/frequency in chlorine Injection facilities used in chlorine process. Typically these facilities consist of pressure cylinder, vaporizer, pipeline, measuring equipment and safety equipment. This paper described the incident scenarios considered, likelihood analysis procedure and the selection and application of basic events and for failure rates of mechanical components. Human errors were also considered. The major objective of this paper is to estimate the likelihood of each determined incident scenarios. We estimated failure rates of mechanical components based on likelihood analysis procedure. Human errors were also considered. It was estimated to have $5.73{\times}10^{-5}\;Cl_2$ leak per year during the major $Cl_2$ handling process. The probability of failure in scrubber system was $4.11{\times}10^{-2}/demand$.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.109-125
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• 1996

Biases and errors in the human being's reasoning process have been studied continuously by the researchers, especially psychlogists and social scientists. These bias phenomenon is classified on the basis of the origin, i. e. motivation and cognition. Furthermore the necessity of research on the bias in the management and management information system areas in increased more and more recently, which have their academic backgrounds in the psychology and social science. The biased information stream is transformed into the systematic error due to the motivation and cognitive bias of human-being, then its resulting phenomena are as follows; 1. the availability of salient information 2. preconceived ideas or theories about peoples and event 3. anchoring and perseverence phenomena. In order to reduce the information errors, Satty suggested the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) that is the subject of this paper and that is widely used for evaluation of complex decision making alternatives. THerefore this paper studies AHP's effects and its limitations in applying to the management area. Thus this paper compared the performances of the 3 models : 1 the traditional additive regression model. 2 regression model using the factor score, and 3 the regression model with AHP. As a result, 3 models produce the different outcomes.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.237-242
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• 2020

This paper deals with relative position estimation using a Kalman filter (KF) based on inertial sensors that have been widely used in various biomechanics-related outdoor applications. In previous studies, the relative position is determined using relative orientation and predetermined segment-to-joint (S2J) vectors, which are assumed to be constant. However, because body segments are influenced by soft tissue artifacts (STAs), including the deformation and sliding of the skin over the underlying bone structures, they are not constant, resulting in significant errors during relative position estimation. In this study, relative position estimation was performed using a KF, where the S2J vectors were adopted as time-varying states. The joint constraint and the variations of the S2J vectors were used to develop a measurement model of the proposed KF. Accordingly, the covariance matrix corresponding to the variations of the S2J vectors continuously changed within the ranges of the STA-causing flexion angles. The experimental results of the knee flexion tests showed that the proposed KF decreased the estimation errors in the longitudinal and lateral directions by 8.86 and 17.89 mm, respectively, compared with a conventional approach based on the application of constant S2J vectors.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.178-184
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• 2009

The Nuclear Power Plant(NPP) industry in Korea has been making efforts to reduce the human errors which have largely contributed to about 150 nuclear reactor trips since 2001. Recently, the Crew Resource Management(CRM) training has risen as an alternative countermeasure against the nuclear reactor trips caused by human errors. The effectiveness of CRM training in NPP industry, however, has not been proven to be significant yet. In this study a return on investment(ROI) model is developed to measure the effectiveness of CRM training for the operators in Korean NPP. The model consists of mathematical expressions including multiple variables affecting the CRM training impacts and nuclear reactor trips. Implication of the model is discussed further in detail.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 2016

Due to advances in omics technologies, numerous genome-wide studies on human samples have been published, and most of the omics data with the associated clinical information are available in public repositories, such as Gene Expression Omnibus and ArrayExpress. While analyzing several public datasets, we observed that errors in gender information occur quite often in public datasets. When we analyzed the gender description and the methylation patterns of gender-specific probes (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [G6PD], ephrin-B1 [EFNB1], and testis specific protein, Y-linked 2 [TSPY2]) in 5,611 samples produced using Infinium 450K HumanMethylation arrays, we found that 19 samples from 7 datasets were erroneously described. We also analyzed 1,819 samples produced using the Affymetrix U133Plus2 array using several gender-specific genes (X (inactive)-specific transcript [XIST], eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A, Y-linked [EIF1AY], and DEAD [Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp] box polypeptide 3, Y-linked [DDDX3Y]) and found that 40 samples from 3 datasets were erroneously described. We suggest that the users of public datasets should not expect that the data are error-free and, whenever possible, that they should check the consistency of the data.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1997 no.11
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• pp.395-398
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• 1997

Human pulse represents the physical characteristics of heart and cardiovascular system. Therefore, malfunctions and errors of heart and cardiovascular system can be determined by using an automatic diagnosis system that can detect the pulse signal. Not only will the computerised system preclude the possibilities of observational errors by giving an accurate measurement with great stability, but minimize the possibilities of misinterpretation by using an automated diagnostic logic. A new combinational fiber-optic sensor, which has a detecting part and a transmitting part was used to acquire radial pulse signal noninvasively. The development of P-5 transducer makes it possible to obtain more effective detection and obvious display of pulse signals in the aspect of reliability. Using P-5 transducer in the field of plethysomography and MAC- JIN, one of our diagnoses in Korean traditional medicine, it is expected that we can ontain quantitative and valuable information or the diagnosis of human pulses.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.98-103
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• 2007

Likelihood analysis was used for the revision of release probability/frequency in chlorine Injection facilities used in chlorine process. Typically these facilities consist of pressure cylinder, vaporizer, pipeline, measuring equipment and safety equipment. This paper described the incident scenarios considered, likelihood analysis procedure and the selection and application of basic events and for failure rates of mechanical components. Human errors were also considered. The major objective of this paper is to estimate the likelihood of each determined incident scenarios. We estimated failure rates of mechanical components based on likelihood analysis procedure. Human errors were also considered. It was estimated to have $5.73{\times}10^{-5}$ $Cl_2$ leak per year during the major $Cl_2$ handling process. The probability of failure in scrubber system was$4.11{\times}10^{-2}$/demand.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2009

Patient safety has become a growing concern in health care. The U.S. Institute of Medicine (IOM) report "To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System" in 1999 included estimations that medical error is the eighth leading cause of death in the United States and results in up to 100,000 deaths annually. However, many adverse events and errors occur in surgical practice. Within all kinds of surgical adverse events, wrong-side/wrong-site, wrong-procedure, and wrong-patient adverse events are the most devastating, unacceptable, and often result in litigation. Much literature claims that systems must be put in place to render it essentially impossible or at least extremely difficult for human error to cause harm to patients. Hence, this research aims to develop a prototype system based on active RFID that detects and prevents errors in the OR. To fully comprehend the operating room (OR) process, multiple rounds of on site discussions were conducted. IDEF0 models were subsequently constructed for identifying the opportunity of improvement and performing before-after analysis. Based on the analysis, the architecture of the proposed RFID-based OR system was developed. An on-site survey conducted subsequently for better understanding the hardware requirement will then be illustrated. Finally, an RFID-enhanced system based on both the proposed architecture and test results was developed for gaining better control and improving the safety level of the surgical operations.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.203-209
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to develop a minimally constraint joint angle measurement system for the feedback control of FES (functional electrical stimulation) locomotion. Feedback control is desirable for the efficient FES locomotion, however, the simple on-off control schemes are mainly used in clinic because the currently available angle measurement systems are heavily constraint or cosmetically poor. We designed a new angle measurement system consisting of a magnet and magnetic sensors located below and above the ankle joint, respectively, in the rear side of ipsilateral leg. Two magnetic sensors are arranged so that the sensing axes are perpendicular each other. Multiple positions of sensors attachment on the shank part of the ankle joint model and also human ankle joint were selected and the accuracy of the measured angle at each position was investigated. The reference ankle joint angle was measured by potentiometer and motion capture system. The ankle joint angle was determined from the fitting curve of the reference angle and magnetic flux density relationship. The errors of the measured angle were calculated at each sensor position for the ankle range of motion (ROM) $-20{\sim}15$ degrees (dorsiflexion as positive) which covers the ankle ROM of both stroke patients and normal subjects during locomotion. The error was the smallest with the sensor at the position 1 which was the nearest position to the ankle joint. In case of human experiment, the RMS (root mean square) errors were $0.51{\pm}1.78(0.31{\sim}0.64)$ degrees and the maximum errors were $1.19{\pm}0.46(0.68{\sim}1.58)$ degrees. The proposed system is less constraint and cosmetically better than the existing angle measurement system because the wires are not needed.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.205-228
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• 2022

This study aimed to confirm the effect of social and relational behavior types of robots on human cognition in human-robot interaction. In the experiment, the participants evaluated trust in robots by watching a video on the robot Nao interacting with a human, in which the robot made an error and then made an effort to restore trust. The trust recovery behavior was set as three conditions: an internal attribution in which the robot acknowledges and apologizes for an error, a condition in which the robot apologizes for an error but attributes it externally, and a non-action condition in which the robot denies the error itself and does not take any action for the error. As the result, in all three cases, the error was perceived as less serious when the robot apologized than when it did not, and the ability of the robot was also highly evaluated. These results provide evidence that human attitudes towards robots can respond sensitively depending on the robot's behavior and how they overcome errors, suggesting that human perception towards robots can change. In particular, the fact that robots are more trustworthy when they acknowledge and apologize for their own errors shows that robots can promote positive human-robot interactions through human-like social and polite behavior.