• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.64-73
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• 2024

Oil spills pose significant threats to marine ecosystems, human health, socioeconomic aspects, and coastal communities. Accurate real-time predictions of oil slick transport along coastlines are paramount for quick preparedness and response efforts. This study used an open-source OpenOil numerical model to simulate the fate and trajectories of oil slicks released during the 2007 Hebei Spirit accident along the Korean coasts. Six combinations of input parameters, derived from a five-day met-ocean dataset incorporating various hydrodynamic, meteorological, and wave models, were investigated to determine the input variables that lead to the most reasonable results. The predictive performance of each combination was evaluated quantitatively by comparing the dimensions and matching rates between the simulated and observed oil slicks extracted from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data on the ocean surface. The results show that the combination incorporating the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) for hydrodynamic parameters exhibited more substantial agreement with the observed spill areas than Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS), yielding up to 88% and 53% similarity, respectively, during a more than four-day oil transportation near Taean coasts. This study underscores the importance of integrating high-resolution met-ocean models into oil spill modeling efforts to enhance the predictive accuracy regarding oil spill dynamics and weathering processes.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.175-184
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of human motion and javelin kinematics during the energy transfer in javelin throwing on records, and to provide evidence-based training insights for athletes and coaches to enhance records. Method: Three javelin throw athletes (age: 22.67 ± 0.58 years, height: 178.33 ± 7.37 cm, weight: 83.67 ± 1.15 kg) were recruited for this study. Each athlete attempted ten maximum record trials, and the kinematic data from each performance were analyzed to determine their influence on the records. The Theia3d Markerless system was used for motion analysis. Results: Key factors were modeled and identified at each moment. In E1, main variables were COM Y (𝛽 8.162, p<.05) and COM velocity Z (𝛽 -72.489, p<.05); in E2, COM X (𝛽 -17.604, p<.05); in E3, COM X (𝛽 -18.606, p<.05), COM velocity Y (𝛽 38.694, p<.05), and COM velocity X (𝛽 66.323, p<.05). For the javelin throw dynamics in E3, key determinants were Attitude angle and Javelin velocity in the Y-axis. Conclusion: The study reveals that controlled vertical movement, center of mass management during braking, and enhanced pelvic rotation significantly improve javelin throw performance. These kinematic strategies are critical for record enhancement in javelin throwing.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.10-23
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• 2024

This study examines the changes in attractiveness and social perception of mask wearers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Before COVID-19, masks were seen as a sign of infection, decreasing the wearer's attractiveness. However, with the widespread normalization of mask-wearing during the pandemic, the perception mechanisms have become more complex. The attractiveness and social perception of mask wearers now vary based on factors such as the wearer's baseline attractiveness, race, and attitudes toward masks. Consequently, research findings on perception changes due to mask-wearing have been inconsistent. This inconsistency is due to the lack of standardized experimental methods and the failure to account for individual differences among participants, as well as insufficient theoretical background in the studies. From a psychiatric perspective, it is essential to formulate and test new hypotheses centered around the psychological mechanisms related to the human behavioral immune system when studying attractiveness perception during a pandemic. Notably, attention should be given to how differences in the activation of individuals' behavioral immune systems influence perceptions of mask wearers. Understanding these dynamics can provide crucial insights into how social perceptions and aversions impact mental health, thereby shedding light on various psychiatric issues that arise during infectious disease outbreaks.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.255-273
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between characteristics of personality and respondent characteristics of Kinetic Family Drawing for young children. The subjects were 170 children(110 boys and 60 girls). The personal interview contained Personality Characteristic Test for young children(In-Sub Song, 1993) and Kinetic Family Drawing Test(Burns and Kaufman, 1982). Results of the test were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA by SAS program. Results are followings. First, chileren's sex and the general tendency of personal characteristic showed significant difference in the emotional personality among 4 personality characteristics. Girls show more positive tendency than boys in moral, physical, appearance and feature which expressed personal feeling and emotion. Also, girls showed more positive tendency than boys in personal characteristic which showed physical ability. Second, Children's sex and individual characteristic in Kinetic Family Drawing respondent characteristic showed significant difference in own's arm length. Also, Using a rare of paper and chapter 1 of the power among the family showed significant difference in styles and symbols. The boys drew lengther arms compared with their height than the girls. The girls were less complicative, anxious, comparative and aggressive for their family. Third, As a result of the study about the relationship between 4 personal characteristics of children and individual's behavior in Kinetic Family Drawing respondent characteristic, the significant difference is showed in academic personality and social personality had higher completion of their father's feature and drew bigger feet. In socal personality, negative behavior than positive children. Fourth, As a result of the study about the relationship between 4 personal characteristics of children and individual's characteristic, the significant difference were found in academic personality, social personality, family personality and emotional personality. Children with negative academic personality drew longer arms than children with positive academic personality, social personality and family personality. Also, Children with negative emotional personality drew more siblings than children with positive emotional personality. Fifth, The academic personality and the social personality had significant difference in the relationship between 4 personal characteristics of children and dynamics. In social personality, normal children were more tendencious to look at the important person with their mother's direction than positive children. Sixth, In terms of the relationship between 4 personal characteristics of children and mode, academic personality and family personality showed significant difference. Children with negative academic personality used more edge of papers than children with positive academic personality and children with positive academic personality and children with negative family personality fold more papers than children with positive family personality. At last, there were no significant difference between 4 personal characteristics of children and styles as well as symbols.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.6 s.111
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• pp.770-788
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• 2005

In this article, major research trends are examined mainly from articles published in Journal of the Korean Geography, academic society journals of sub-fields in geography and Ph.D. dissertations in geography of universities in Korea. Based on the research trends up to current point, issues and research directions in order to raise the status of Korean Geography in the twenty first century are prospected. Sixty years of Korean Geography can be divided into 4 periods such as before 1970s, during the 1980s, during the 1990s, and the period after the 2001. Each period of time revealed distinct aspects of development both quantitatively and qualitatively. For the last 60 years, the study of Korean Geography has gone through enormous changes in the number of articles with dynamics and variety in contents and methodology, breathing with the changes of the Korean society. Experiencing urbanization and industrialization along with rapid economical growth, the study of Korean Geography has progressed by analyzing the issues and problems of national space and conducting various researches from the case studies for problem-solving to the theoretical and policy oriented studies. The key-words such as 'knowledge based information society', 'aged society', and 'the era of globalization' will be realized in the twenty flit century. And environment-friendly policies for sustainable development will be more stressed in a globalized world. In order to provide research methods and alternatives suitable for newly transformed global society and for utilizing the essence of Geography in the future, the studies on Korean Geography should actively focus on integrative studies between physical and human geography, on interdisciplinary studies, on regional studies related to foreign countries and North Korea, and on the establishment of Korean geographical theory and model.

• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.9.1-9.6
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• 2009

Introduction: In the mass spectrometry-based proteomics, biological samples are analyzed to identify proteins by mass spectrometer and database search. Database search is the process to select the best matches to the experimental mass spectra among the amino acid sequence database and we identify the protein as the matched sequence. The match score is defined to find the matches from the database and declare the highest scored hit as the most probable protein. According to the score definition, search result varies. In this study, the difference among search results of different search engines or different databases was investigated, in order to suggest a better way to identify more proteins with higher reliability. Materials and Methods: The protein extract of human mesenchymal stem cell was separated by several bands by one-dimensional electrophorysis. One-dimensional gel was excised one by one, digested by trypsin and analyzed by a mass spectrometer, FT LTQ. The tandem mass (MS/MS) spectra of peptide ions were applied to the database search of X!Tandem, Mascot and Sequest search engines with IPI human database and SwissProt database. The search result was filtered by several threshold probability values of the Trans-Proteomic Pipeline (TPP) of the Institute for Systems Biology. The analysis of the output which was generated from TPP was performed. Results and Discussion: For each MS/MS spectrum, the peptide sequences which were identified from different conditions such as search engines, threshold probability, and sequence database were compared. The main difference of peptide identification at high threshold probability was caused by not the difference of sequence database but the difference of the score. As the threshold probability decreases, the missed peptides appeared. Conversely, in the extremely high threshold level, we missed many true assignments. Conclusion and Prospects: The different identification result of the search engines was mainly caused by the different scoring algorithms. Usually in proteomics high-scored peptides are selected and low-scored peptides are discarded. Many of them are true negatives. By integrating the search results from different parameter and different search engines, the protein identification process can be improved.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.3213-3222
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• 2015

Background: Cancer metastasis depends on cell motility which is driven by cycles of actin polymerization and depolymerization. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and metabolic oxidative stress have long been associated with cancer. ROS play a vital role in regulating actin dynamics that are sensitive to oxidative modification. The current work aimed at studying the effects of sub-lethal metabolic oxidative stress on actin cytoskeleton, focal adhesion and cell migration. Materials and Methods: T47D human breast cancer cells were treated with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG), L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), or doxorubicin (DOX), individually or in combination, and changes in intracellular total glutathione and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured. The expression of three major antioxidant enzymes was studied by immunoblotting, and cells were stained with fluorescent-phalloidin to evaluate changes in F-actin organization. In addition, cell adhesion and degradation ability were measured. Cell migration was studied using wound healing and transwell migration assays. Results: Our results show that treating T47D human breast cancer cells with drug combinations (2DG/BSO, 2DG/DOX, or BSO/DOX) decreased intracellular total glutathione and increased oxidized glutathione, lipid peroxidation, and cytotoxicity. In addition, the drug combinations caused a reduction in cell area and mitotic index, prophase arrest and a decreased ability to form invadopodia. The formation of F-actin aggregates was increased in treated T47D cells. Moreover, combination therapy reduced cell adhesion and the rate of cell migration. Conclusions: Our results suggest that exposure of T47D breast cancer cells to combination therapy reduces cell migration via effects on metabolic oxidative stress.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.41-50
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• 2018

Spirituality is an essential part of human beings. Spiritual care, designed to meet the spiritual needs of terminally ill patients and their families, is one of the most important aspects of hospice and palliative care (HPC). This study reviewed and analyzed literature utilizing the most commonly used Korean and international healthcare databases to identify care models that adequately address the spiritual needs of terminally ill patients and their families in practice. The results of this study show that spirituality is an intrinsic part of humans, meaning that people are holistic beings. The literature has provided ten evidence-based theories that can be used as models in HPC. Three of the models focus on how the spiritual care outcomes of viewing spiritual health, quality of life, and coping, are important outcomes. The remaining seven models focus on implementation of spiritual care. The "whole-person care model" addresses the multidisciplinary collaboration within HPC. The "existential functioning model" emphasizes the existential needs of human beings. The "open pluralism view" considers the cultural diversity and other types of diversity of care recipients. The "spiritual-relational view" and "framework of systemic organization" models focus on the relationship between hospital palliative care teams and terminally ill patients. The "principal components model" and "actioning spirituality and spiritual care in education and training model" explain the overall dynamics of the spiritual care process. Based on these models, continuous clinical research efforts are needed to establish an optimal spiritual care model for HPC.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.251-266
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• 2018

This study predicted the effect of operation pattern of flood control dam on water quality. Flood control dam temporarily impound floodwaters and then release them under control to the river below the dam preventing the river ecosystem from the extreme flood. The Hydrological Simulation Program Fortran (HSPF) and the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) were adapted to predict the water quality before and after the dam construction in the proposed reservoir. The non-point pollutant delivery load from the river basin was estimated using the HSPF, and the EFDC was used to predict the water quality using the provided watershed boundary conditions from the HSPF. As a result of water quality simulation, it is predicted that the water quality will be improved due to the decrease of pollution source due to submergence after dam construction and temporary storage during rainfall. There would be no major water quality issues such as the eutrophication in the reservoir since the dam would impound the floodwater for a short time (2~3 days). In the environmental impact assessment stage of a planned dam, there may be some limitations to the exact simulation because the model can not be sufficiently calibrated. However, if the reliability of the model is improved through the acquisition of actual data in the future, it will be possible to examine the influence of the water environment according to various operating conditions in the environmental impact assessment of the new flood control dam.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.258-266
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• 2020

Background: Oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis is a key pathological process in ischemic heart disease. Glutathione reductase (GR) reduces glutathione disulfide to glutathione (GSH) to alleviate oxidative stress. Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) prevents the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes; however, the role of GR in this process is unclear. Therefore, the effects of GRb1 on GR were investigated in this study. Methods: The antiapoptotic effects of GRb1 were evaluated in H9C2 cells by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, annexin V/propidium iodide staining, and Western blotting. The antioxidative effects were measured by a reactive oxygen species assay, and GSH levels and GR activity were examined in the presence and absence of the GR inhibitor 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate the binding of GRb1 to GR. The direct influence of GRb1 on GR was confirmed by recombinant human GR protein. Results: GRb1 pretreatment caused dose-dependent inhibition of tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced cell apoptosis, at a level comparable to that of the positive control N-acetyl-L-cysteine. The binding energy between GRb1 and GR was positive (-6.426 kcal/mol), and the binding was stable. GRb1 significantl reduced reactive oxygen species production and increased GSH level and GR activity without altering GR protein expression in H9C2 cells. Moreover, GRb1 enhanced the recombinant human GR protein activity in vitro, with a half-maximal effective concentration of ≈2.317 μM. Conversely, 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea co-treatment significantly abolished the GRb1's apoptotic and antioxidative effects of GRb1 in H9C2 cells. Conclusion: GRb1 is a potential natural GR agonist that protects against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of H9C2 cells.