• Title/Summary/Keyword: Human body fluids

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DEVELOPMIN OF A MODIFIED $k-{\varepsilon}$ TURBULENCE MODEL FOR VISCO-ELASTIC FLUID AND ITS APPLICATION TO HEMODYNAMICS (점탄성 유체의 난류 해석을 위한 수정된 $k-{\varepsilon}$ 난류모델 개발 및 혈류역학에의 적용)

  • Ro, K.C.;Ryou, H.S.
    • 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2010.05a
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    • pp.214-220
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    • 2010
  • This article described that a high Reynolds number version of a turbulence model was modified by using drag reduction to analyze the turbulent flows of non-Newtonian fluid with visco-elastic viscosity and it was applied hemodynamics which was representative of visco-elastic fluid. The turbulence characteristics of visco-elastic fluid was expanded viscous sublayer region and buffer layer region by drag reduction phenomenon and also Newtonian turbulence models does not predict because viscosity was related with shear rate of fluid flow. Hence numerical simulation using a modified turbulence model was conducted under the same conditions that were applied to obtain the experiment results and previous turbulence models and then the numerical investigation of turbulent blood flow in the stenosed artery bifurcation under periodic acceleration of the human body.

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Analysis of meridian response by bio-energy transmission (생체에너지(기) 전달에 의한 경락 반응 분석)

  • 정석준;이용흠;정동명
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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    • 2002.06e
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    • pp.141-144
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    • 2002
  • Acupuncture effect principle on meridians is what physical stimulation does on general physiology so that it gets into new equilibrium from the fallen function state of human body. However, it is generally accepted that western medicine has regarded the action passageway of various kinds stimulation as nerve fluids tissue or nerve-endocrine-immune system. These regard any action for all meridians as a response to the stimulation. These are not treatments for transmission of the energy. This paper compares the change of electric potential when operator's bio-energy is passed on and when is not. As a result of it, the effect of acupuncture is different when a operator's bio-energy is passed on to meridians and it isn't. Therefore, it means that the general acupuncture is more effective than the insulation one. Moreover, we could certify that there is close relation between an operator's energy transmission and acupuncture effect.

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Optimum Machining Condition of Die Steel In The Oil-mist Condition (오일미스트 조건에서의 금형강의 최적절삭조건)

  • Kim Sang-Min;Kim Joon-Hyun;Kim Joo-Hyun
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.59-65
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    • 2006
  • The purposes of using cutting fluid during cutting have been cooling, lubricating, chip washing and anti-corroding. However, the present manufacturing industry restricts the use of cutting fluid because cutting fluid contains poisonous substances which are harmful to the human body. Therefore environmentally conscious machining and technology have more important position in machining process because cutting fluids have significant influence on the environment in milling process. In this study, environmentally conscious machining can be obtained by the way of selecting the optimum machinig conditon using the design of experiment. Cutting using oil-mist showed better cutting characteristics than dry, air and fluid cutting with respect to by cutting force, tool wear and surface roughness. Also, the optimum machining condition for cutting using oil-mist could be selected through Taguchi method.

DESIGN OF WATER INJECTION NOZZLE OF BIDET WITH COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (유동해석을 통한 물 분사용 비데 노즐 설계)

  • Choi, Y.S.;Yang, S.S.;Jin, S.W.
    • 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2007.04a
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    • pp.68-71
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    • 2007
  • An optimized bidet nozzle design to form the required swirl water jet is proposed with the help of numerical analysis. The bidet can do the cleaning process of human body by water injection and the speed/pressure/injection angle/magnitude of swirl intensity of water jet determine the cleaning capability and personal subjective feeling. The objective of this research is to design optimal water injection nozzle to make stable swirl intensity. The effect of individual design variables are analyzed from the basic design and the final design is deduced to make high performance water jet within the pre-determined operation conditions.

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A Study on Wi Syndrome(痿證) in "Hwangjenaegyeong(黃帝內經).Wiron(痿論)" ("황제내경(黃帝內經).위론(痿論)"의 위증(痿證)에 대한 고찰(考察))

  • Baek, Yu-Sang
    • Journal of Korean Medical classics
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2010
  • Wi Syndrome(痿證) mainly occurs from fluid damages[津液損傷] caused by heat in Gi(氣) phase of the Five viscera, while it sometimes come from the outside. Although the symptoms are presented in the limbs, the disorder roots in the Five viscera, most deeply located in the human body, Therefore, to approach the disorder, we must apply differentiation of the Five viscera in diagnosis. The Lungs, as the head of the Five viscera control the production and distribution of bodily fluids in the body. Functional disorder of the Lungs bring about Wi Syndrome regardless of it being in the Gi phase. Also, psychological depression leads to Wi Syndrome, In other words, depression and uneasiness easily results in the state of Gi blocking and fluid exhaustion in this modern society where there is less manual labor and excessive use of the brain. Besides Gi blockage, the top muscle[宗筋] theory is another important mechanism in the occurrence of Wi Syndrome. Moreover, the disorder is related to Yangmyeong(陽明), which is the sea of food, Chungmaek(衝脈) which is the sea of meridian, in addition to Immaek(任脈), Dokmeak (督脈) and Deameak(帶脈) which are all involved in Wi Syndrome. In conclusion, the Wi Syndrome happens when various factors involved lose balance and harmony with each other.

Enhanced Expression of Plasma Glutathione Peroxidase in the Thymus of Mice Treated with TCDD and Its Implication for TCDD-induced Thymic Atrophy

  • Cho, Hyun-Jin;Hahn, Eun-Jin;Hwang, Ju-Ae;Hong, Min-Sun;Kim, Sook-Kyung;Pak, Hye-Ryun;Park, Joo-Hung
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.276-283
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    • 2006
  • The potent environmental contaminant, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), induces thymus atrophy in experimental animals. However, its mechanism of action is not fully understood. To gain insight into its immunosuppressive effect, Balb/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with TCDD ($30{\mu}g/kg$ body weight) and genes regulated by TCDD were identified using cDNA arrays [Park and Lee (2002)]. One of the regulated genes was that for plasma glutathione peroxidase (pGPx). Upon TCDD injection, pGPx mRNA levels in the thymus increased, in parallel with increases in GPx activity and the frequency of anti-human pGPx antibody-reactive cells. pGPX mRNA levels were also moderately up-regulated in the testis and spleen. This is the first report that a particular isotype of the glutathione peroxidase family is regulated by TCDD at both mRNA and protein levels. pGPx is expressed in various tissues in contact with body fluids, and detoxifies hydrogen peroxides and lipid hydroperoxides. It will be of interest to assess the role of pGPx in TCDD-induced thymic atrophy.

Korean Ginseng and Diabetes: An Insight into Antidiabetic Effects of Korean Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) in Cultured Cells, Animal Models and Human Studies (고려인삼과 당뇨병: 세포와 동물 및 인체실험을 통한 고려인삼의 당뇨병에 대한 효능)

  • Seo, Seong Ho;Park, Gun Kook;Park, Jong Dae
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.51 no.1
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    • pp.1-29
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    • 2020
  • Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. Diabetes has been found to show many acute complications such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, chronic kidney disease, foot ulcer and damage to eyes. Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng) has been traditionally known to normalize the functional deficiencies of the lung, spleen and stomach, and thus improve the secretion of body fluids, thereby quenching thirst, suggesting it to be effective in the treatment of diabetes. Experimental studies (in vitro and in vivo) have recently shown that Korean ginseng and its extracts exhibit antidiabetic effects, and also insulin secretion and sensitizing effects related to blood glucose control. Moreover, clinical trials on antidiabetic effects of Korean ginseng have been reported to show blood glucose control, improvement of insulin resistance, reduction of postprandial blood glucose level and improvement of serum lipids (TG, TC, LDL-C). These will be critically examined by means of in vitro studies, cell experiment, animal models and human trials with a focus on understanding of molecular mechanisms.

Study on "Four Tantras", the Prime Textbook of Tibetan Medicine (티벳의학에 대한 연구 - "사부의전(四部醫典).근본의전(根本醫典)"을 중심으로)

  • Chang, Eun-Young;Yun, Chang-Yul
    • Journal of Korean Medical classics
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.416-512
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    • 1998
  • The following conclusions are obtained from the studies on the chapters concerning phisiology, pathology, daily conduct, materia medica, pulse, and urinalysis from , of the "Four Tantras". 1. The theoretical basis forming the Tibetan Medicine is the substance of phlegm, bile, and wind each of which is divided into five kinds. These phisiological substances can be transformed into pathological factors when certain environment is formed. 2. In embryology, the semen of the father and menstral blood of mother is considered the most important condition in conception, and the Five factors are regarded as important. There is a detailed explanation of development of the fetus while it stays in the womb of mother during 38weeks, such as the formation of the viscera, channels, sense organs, etc. 3. There is metaphor which compares the human body with the king's palace. With the development of human anatomy, there is the detailed anatomical picture of anterior and posterior aspects of human body. And also there is the measurement of physiological constitution and the three fluids. 4. In division of the channels, they concerned the now of the blood and distribution of the nerve fibers, and each channel is connected with one another. The division of the cannel is namely embryonic channel, channel of existence, channel of connection, and the course of life principle. 5. The seven bodily constituents and three factors of phlegm, bile, and wind are important in sustaining the life of human body as well as growth and maturization, and when their equilibrium is broken, the human body is degnerated, and finally death comes. 6. The signs of death is divided into distant sign, remote sign, certain sign. and uncertain sign, and is used as a clue in diagnosis of the disease. Especially there is a mention about the mechanism of the dreams, and different dreams according to the condition of the patient. 7. In pathology, there is the cause of the disease, the environmental factors which can induce disease, the path by which disease come into the human body, the characteristics of the disease, and the kinds of disease. 8. There is a mention about the conduct, and it is divided into the daily conduct, the mental attitude, and the side-effects which can occur when one puts up with the physiological actions of the body. 9. The daily diet is divided into food and beverage. The food is divided again into grain, meat, fat, boiled food, and spiced food, and the beverage into milk, water, and wine. 10. The pulsation should be taken in lift hand to diagnose heart, small intestine, stomach, spleen, kidney, reproductive organ, and in right hand jungs, large intestine, liver, gall bladder, kidney, and bladder. In the healthy person, the pulse moves 5times in one perspiration, and the type of pulse is constant while the pulse moves 100times. But unhealthy person's pulse is different from this. The urinalysis is the unique part of Tibetan Medicine, and is important in examination of the disease. One should decide which of the three factors are dominant by the obervation of the color, amount of the steam and how long it lasts, odour, foam, and the shape of the swirl in three different states when the urine is hot, warm, and cold. One can determine the life of the patient and which viscera is the cause of the disease by the pulse, and whether the nature of the disease is hot or cold by the urinalysis. 11. The materia medica contains gemstones, minerals, plateau medication, and meat products.

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Drinking Wateres Effects on Tyrosinase Activities (물리 Tyrosinase의 활성도에 미치는 영향)

  • Rhee, Byung-Chul;Lee, Zong-Liong;Lee, Duk-Soo;Kim, Yil
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.1-4
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    • 1996
  • I have conducted two testings to find out which water is better for drinking water. First, I made 20 mM L-DOPA solutions by solving L-DOPA (3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine) in tap water, Waters' mineral water and reverse osmotic water. Then I measured activities after adding Tyrosinase (purifide enzyme, step 3), which was extracted from Salanum melongena(mad apple), in each L-DOPA solution. Second, I solved 0.1, 0.5 and 0.9% salt in each 20 mM L-DOPA distilled water to measure activity of each salt solution. The results of the testings are as follows: 1. 10 minutes after adding Salanum melongena(mad apple) tyrosinase in each L-DOPA solution, activity of Waters' mineral water was 0.867 tap water 0.777 and reverse osmotic water 0.742. 2. Activity of Waters' mineral water was higher than that of tap water by 10.4% and higher then reverse osmotic by 14.4%. 3. Activity of Waters' mineral water was much higher than that of 0.9% salt water by 41.8%. 4. The optimum pH of Salanum melongena (mad apple) tyrosinase is 9.0. Most enzymes working in the human metabolism are alkaline and body fluids' pH also alkaline. In conclusion, an alkaline water is believed better than an acidic water for drinking.

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Multifaceted Usage of HPV Related Tests and Products in the Management of Cervical Cancer - a Review

  • Nalliah, Sivalingam;Karikalan, Barani;Kademane, Kumaraswamy
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.2145-2150
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    • 2015
  • HPV viruses are integral to the development of cervical cancer. The pathogenesis has been extensively studied. To date, numerous HPV tests and products have been developed and successfully utilized in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cervical cancer. The HPV DNA test, when combined with other routine cervical cancer screening and diagnostic tests namely exfoliative cytology, visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and colposcopy has increased the detection rate of cervical cancer. HPV DNA products could also be measured in other body fluids like urine, lymph node tissue, and serum. HPV association could also be quantified by measuring other parameters like HPV mRNA, viral load, viral integration and methylation status. Vaccination against HPV has been found to decrease the incidence of cervical cancer. Further, therapeutic vaccines for cervical cancer against HPV continue to evolve. All these findings pertaining to HPV could possibly decrease the incidence of cervical cancer in the near future. This review aims to give an overview of the HPV tests and products in use and those under trial currently.