• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.125-146
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• 2020

There is an increasing need to foster new industries at the local level. This study aims to analyze the spatial patterns of new industries in Korea from 2007-2017 and to figure out its determinants of agglomeration in 2017. Through this study, it is found that new industries are unevenly distributed around Seoul Metropolitan Area(SMA). The regional disparity between SMA and non-SMA is prominent. Furthermore, new industries represent a strong spatial positive autocorrelation, showing a strong concentration on a few regions in Korea. This study explores the determinants on agglomeration of new industries with spatial statistical model. From the results of spatial error model, it is indicated that the number of graduate students, the ratio of technology based start-ups, and the number of elementary, middle, and high schools have a significant effect on new industries. In addition, the specialization and the diversity of industrial structure on knowledge-based manufacturing industries and knowledge-based service industries have been statistically significant. This study provides implications that non-SMA needs policies with respect to attracting talented people, developing human resources, and improving regional environment in order to improve regional competitiveness in promoting new industries.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.47-56
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• 2010

The construction of new roads and the consistent extension of already-existing roads or the line-shape revision of those roads are increased with the governmental investment to SOC facilities currently. Accordingly, the road cut slopes are in the trend of rapidly increasing. As the road slope has increased, a lot of human and property damages has entailed consequently and in the local case, numerous studies have carried out aiming at minimizing this damages caused by the rockfall and landslide. In general, standard falling rock prevention facility has employed for most of the local road slope based on "Guide for Installation and Management of Road Safety Facilities" published by MLTM(the Ministry of Land, Transport, and Maritime Affairs) but profound doubt has raised as to whether this rockfall prevention facility would function properly enough to prevent rockfall efficiently without any damages in case of actual occurrence of rockfall. In addition, it is a reality that in most cases, such work is relied on overseas technology as a whole as the local technical level is low and in case of rockfall prevention net, it is judged that a study on rockfall prevention net that is able to endure more powerful rockfall energy is required as the problem including net bursting is taken place as a result of enough bearing force being failed to be demonstrated due to its partial weak point(not uniformly made). Under this background, in this study, three kinds of model depending on mesh size of expanded metal that is considered to have an adoptability as rockfall prevention net, as target are selected and characteristics depending on mesh size of expanded metal is intended to be researched through a pull-out test performance by using pull-out test equipment rockfall prevention net.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.5-18
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• 2002

Recently, the West's interest on Buddhism has been uprising. If the interest on Buddhism is especially from Western intellectuals, it will surely be the motive to change, the future of Western society. Actually, while the West has been interested in the material civilization on the basis of Christianity, the East has been pursuing after the spiritual culture on the basis of Buddhism. However, what does it mean that many of civilized westerners have come to dislike the manner of scientific pursuit and strict rationality which made them wealthy materially\ulcorner It means that they have felt their ideologies which is based on the Christian culture, has met an end or at least they have started to get interested in the Eastern ideology, 'Buddhism'. Particularly, if we agree that industrial design is a field of basis on the stringent rationality, and is a field of applied science on the basis of technology and production, it surely must have rather been influenced by Christian culture than Buddhism. But regardless of material richness by Christian culture, some Western intellectuals'secession from christianity means that their pursuit of material civilization doesn't help much in chasing after human original happiness. Instead, they are charmed by the fact that their mental illness problem, which is the result of the incessant pursuit of materialism, can be salved more 'scientifically'rather by Buddhism than Christianity. Compared with the westerners'spiritual unhappiness by the strong pursuit of material, Buddhism lowers their passion for material and help to lead their lives happily with least'pursuit of materialism. In this sense, I insist that we need to study'Design'from a viewpoint of Buddhist idea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.874-880
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• 2019

Korea entered the aging society in 2000 and has been officially classified as an aged society as of 2019. As a result thereof, the number of aging seamen and the number of marine accidents of aging crews have consistently increased every year. The aging of drivers, in the relam of road traffic, is the same as those in the field of shipping. However, research and policy-making to solve these problems in the realm of road transportation are more active than in the shipping field. Therefore, this study is aimed at finding education methods for reducing traffic accidents by old aging drivers and determining the benchmark in terms of maritime education. In the area of domestic and foreign road traffic, traffic safety education for older aging drivers is implemented as a way to reduce the causes of human factors in traffic accidents. This study analyzed the current situation of the maritime education field and combined it with the solution in the field of road traffic. First, it is deemed necessary to implement professional license acquisition education. Second, job refresher training for the renewal of the license for aging seamen has to be implemented. Lastly, it is imperative to implement the age transition education for aging seamen. This study, however, is limited to determining the improvement plan for maritime education in relation to aging seamen. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate varying studies in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.267-282
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• 2000

With the development of computer&network technology and the growth of its dependance, computer failures not only lose human and material resources but also make organization's competition weak as a side-effect of information society. Therefore, people consider computer security as important factor. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) detect intrusions and take an appropriate action against them in order to protect a computer from system failure due to illegal intrusion. A variety of methods and models for IDS have been developed until now, but the existing methods or models aren't enough to detect intrusions because of the complexity of computer network the vulnerability of the object system, insufficient understanding for information security and the appearance of new illegal intrusion method. We propose a new IDS model to be suitable at the information system organized by homogeneous hosts and design for the IDS model and implement the prototype of it for feasibility study. The IDS model consist of many distributed unit sensor IDSs at homogeneous hosts and if any of distributed unit sensor IDSs detect anomaly system call among system call sequences generated by a process, the anomaly system call can be dynamically shared with other unit sensor IDSs. This makes the IDS model can effectively detect new intruders about whole information system.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.16D no.3
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• pp.395-406
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• 2009

Korean government has operated EA by the act on efficient introduction of information system and operation, etc. But the evaluation system for EA and the criteria don't prepare well. Particularly, There is no model for EA performance measurement and the way is insufficient. In this study, we derived 8 areas and 17 criteria for the performance evaluation based on the Performance Reference Model of U.S FEA and Korea. And we also derived 8 areas and 10 criteria for it based on the OMB EA Assessment Framework and the EA maturity model in Korea. We propose the performance evaluation model of the five areas that consists of the business performance, customer performance, process, human resource and the technology for EA performance evaluation. To verify the model, we applied the model to three organizations and evaluated EA performance. In addition, we compared the performance result with the performance evaluation area of EA maturity model of Korea to verify the result. We also analyzed the criteria of the proposed performance evaluation model with the current EA maturity model and Performance Reference Model of Korea. As a result of the evaluation, we verified of the proposed performance evaluation model, too.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.217-225
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• 1999

These studies were designed to determine the effect of hydroalcoholic gel system (lower alkanol concentration: 40-60%) compared to general hydrogel system (lower alkanol concentration: 10-35%) on transdermal delivery of piroxicam and its anti-inflammatory activity. Piroxicam was incorporated into a hydroalcoholic gel and a hydrogel containing polymers, solvents, and cosolvents. The pH of gel was about 6.3-7.3 and the solvent mixtures were composed of water and various concentrations of ethanol (35, 40, 50, and 60%). For the in vitro study, the skin permeation of piroxicam from the gel formulations was investigated using Franz modified diffusion cells fitted with hairless mouse skin. For the in vivo study, the anti-inflammatory activity of hydroalcoholic gel was compared to other commercial products (piroxicam hydrogel and ketoprofen hydrogel) in rat and human. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined using carrageenan induced foot edema model in rat. For the clinical study, it was evaluated from determining efficacy and acceptability with 98 patients suffering from musculoskeletal pain. A novel piroxicam hydroalcoholic gel was successfully formulated in the range of 40-50% of ethanol as solvent, more than 10% of propylene glycol, 5% of $Transcutol^{\circledR}$ and 1 % of benzyl alcohol. The skin permeation of piroxicam using hydroalcoholic gel system was greater than that of general hydrogel system $(flux\;:\;139.1-148.2\;{\mu}g/cm^2/hr\;vs.43.0-84.5 {\mu}g/cm^2/hr)$ in vitro. In carrageenan-induced edema model, the anti-inflammatory activity of hydroalcoholic gel was better than that of piroxicam hydrogel for edema inhibition (75.1 % vs. 62.9%, p

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.319-325
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• 2004

A bioequivalence of $Etodol^{TM}$ tablets (Yuhan corporation) and $Kuhnillodine^{TM}$ tablets (Kuhnil Pharm. Co., Ltd.) was evaluated according to the guideline of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Single 200 mg dose of etodolac of each medicine was administered orally to 24 healthy male volunteers. This study was performed in a $2{\times}2$ crossover design. Concentrations of etodolac in human plasma were monitored by a high-performance liquid chromatography. $AUC_t$ (the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 24 hr) was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule method. $C_{max}$ (maximum plasma drug concentration) and $T_{max}$ (time to reach $C_{max}$) were compiled from the plasma concentration-time data. Analysis of variance was performed using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$. No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bioavailability parameters. The 90% confidence intervals of the $AUC_t$ ratio and the $C_{max}$ ratio for $Etodol^{TM}/Kuhnillodine^{TM}$ were 1.01-1.10 and 0.87-1.06, respectively. This study demonstrated a bioequivalence of $Etodol^{TM}$ and $Kuhnillodine^{TM}$ with respect to the rate and extent of absorption.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.521-527
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• 2004

Cimetidine is a histamine $H_2-receptor$ antagonist, used for the treatment of endoscopically or radiographically comfirmed duodenal ulcer, pathologic GI hypersecretory conditions, and active, benign and gastric ulcer. Simple method for determining cimetidine in human plasma has been developed and validated. The analytical procedure for cimetidine showed a linear relationship in the concentration ranges from $0.05\;to\;5\;{\mu}g/ml$. Coefficient of variance (CV, %) for intraday and interday validation and relative error (RE, %) were less than ${\pm}15%$. Based on this analytical method, the bioequivalence of two cimetidine 400 mg tablets, reference (Tagamet 400 mg) and test drug (Sinil CIMETIDINE 400 mg) was evaluated according to the guidelines set by the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Release of cimetidine from the tablets in vitro was tested using KP VIII Apparatus II with various dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solutions and water). Twenty-four healthy volunteers, $21.38{\pm}1.86$ years in age and $68.71{\pm}8.68\;kg$ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was performed. After oral administration of a tablet containing 400 mg of cimetidine, blood samples were taken at predetermined time intervals and concentrations of cimetidine in plasma were determined using HPLC equipped with UV detector. The dissolution profiles of the two tablet formulations were very similar at all dissolution media. In addition, pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA was employed for the statistical analysis of parameters. The results were revealed that the differences in $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$ between the two tablets were 4.17 % and 0.97% respectively. At 90% confidence intervals, the differences in these parameters were also within ${\pm}20%$. All of the above mentioned parameters have met the criteria of KFDA guidelines for bioequivalence, indicating that the test drug tablet (Sinil CIMETIDINE tablet) is bioequivalent to Tagamet 400 mg tablet.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.361-368
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• 2010

ACROSS device, which is composed of an implantable microphone, a signal processor, and a vibrating transducer, is a fullyimplantable middle ear hearing device(F-IMEHD) for the recovery of patients with hearing loss. And since a microphone is implanted under skin and tissue at the temporal bones, the amplitude of the sound wave is attenuated by absorption and scattering. And the vibrating transducer attached to the ossicular chain caused also the different displacement from characteristic of the stapes. For the gain control of auditory signals, most of implantable hearing devices with the digital audio signal processor still apply to fitting rules of conventional hearing aid without regard to the effect of the implanted microphone and the vibrating transducer. So it should be taken into account the effect of the implantable microphone and the vibrating transducer to use the conventional audio fitting rule. The aim of this study was to measure gain characteristics caused by the implanted microphone and the vibrating transducer attached to the ossicle chains for the gain compensation of ACROSS device. Differential floating mass transducers (DFMT) of ACROSS device were clipped on four cadaver temporal bones. And after placing the DFMT on them, displacements of the ossicle chain with the DFMT operated by 1 $mA_{peak}$ current was measured using laser Doppler vibrometer. And the sensitivity of microphones under the sampled pig skin and the skin of 3 rat back were measured by stimulus of pure tones in frequency from 0.1 to 8.9 kHz. And we confirmed that the microphone implanted under skin showed poorer frequency response in the acoustic high-frequency band than it in the low- to mid- frequency band, and the resonant frequency of the stapes vibration was changed by attaching the DFMT on the incus, the displacement of the DFMT driven with 1 $mA_{rms}$ was higher by the amount of about 20 dB than that of cadaver's stapes driven by the sound presssure of 94 dB SPL in resonance frequency range.