• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.225-229
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• 2019

Individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection present with unique intraoral manifestations of various neoplasms. Intraoral HIV-associated Burkitt's lymphoma is a rare presentation, especially in patients of Indian origin and may present as an initial sign of HIV. The objective of this paper is to report a rare case of Burkitt's lymphoma in an HIV-positive Indian patient along with a special emphasis on differential diagnosis. A 30-year-old Indian female presented with a solitary, well-defined, exophytic mass extending anteroposteriorly and buccolingually from the 35th to 38th regions with no evidence of intraosseous extension. An incisional biopsy was performed, and histopathology showed sheets of neoplastic lymphoid cells with numerous tingible body macrophages with clear cytoplasm, presenting a starry sky appearance, suggesting a diagnosis of BL. The tumor cells were positive for CD10, CD20, c-myc, and Epstein-Barr virus, with a nearly 100% Ki-67 proliferative index. The patient tested positive for HIV. This report indicates the importance of immunohistochemical analysis to differentiate Burkitt's lymphoma from other similar lesions like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Thorough knowledge of the clinical presentation, etiopathogenesis, histopathology, and immunoprofile of intraoral HIV-associated Burkitt's lymphoma is essential among clinicians and pathologists.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.522-526
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• 2007

Since newly emerged disease, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), spread from Asia to North America and Europe rapidly in 2003, many researchers have tried to determine where the virus came from. In the phylogenetic point of view, SARS virus has been known to be one of the genus Coronavirus, but, the overall conservation of SARS virus sequence was not highly similar to that of known coronaviruses. The natural reservoirs of SARS-CoV are not clearly determined, yet. In the present study, the genomic sequences of SARS-CoV were analyzed by bioinformatics techniques such as multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis methods as well multivariate statistical analysis. All the calculating processes, including calculations of the relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) and other genomic parameters using 30,305 coding sequences from the two genera, Coronavirus, and Lentivirus, and one family, Orthomyxoviridae, were performed on SMP cluster in KISTI, Supercomputing Center. As a result, SARS_CoV showed very similar RSCU patterns with feline coronavirus on the both axes of the correspondence analysis, and this result showed more agreeable results with serological results for SARS_CoV than that of phylogenetic result itself. In addition, SARS_CoV, human immunodeficiency virus, and influenza A virus commonly showed the very low RSCU differences among each synonymous codon group, and this low RSCU bias might provide some advantages for them to be transmitted from other species into human beings more successfully. Large-scale genomic analysis using bioinformatics techniques may be useful in genetic epidemiology field effectively.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.457-461
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• 2022

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a cancer that causes patches of abnormal tissue to grow under the skin. It also occurs in the immunosuppressive population. KS is currently believed to be caused by infection with human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8) in non-human immunodeficiency virus patient. A 79-year-old female visited the outpatient clinic presenting with increasing number and size of palpable masses on both upper and lower extremities. She was first diagnosed as drug-erupted dermatitis and stopped her medications, but the symptoms got worse. We did partial biopsy, and KS with HHV-8 was diagnosed histopathologically. She planned to undergo further evaluations and proper treatments. This rare case suggests the need to consider a classic type of KS in the differential diagnosis of specific dermatologic symptoms such as macular, nodular, and darkish patches of upper or lower extremities in elderly patients. It is believed that this case helps to strengthen awareness of this rare disease.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.289-293
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• 2006

Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome is an autoimmune syndrome that is characterized by the oligoclonal expansion of CD8+ T-lymphocytes in response to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigens. The clinical manifestations include bilateral enlargement of the parotid glands, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis, lymphocytic hepatitis, neurological involvement and systemic lymphadenopathies. In addition to a positive HIV test, the diagnostic histopathological findings are CD8+ T-lymphocytic infiltrations in the lymphnodes, liver, lung, muscle and the salivary or lacrimal glands without granulomatous or neoplastic involvement. We report a case of pulmonary involvement of diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome that was associated with a human immunodeficiency virus infection.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.753-759
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• 2011

The HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) causes AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). The process of infection and mutation by HIV can be described by a 3rd order state equation. For this HIV model that includes the dynamics of the mutant virus, we present a parameter estimation scheme using two state variables sporadically measured, out of the three, by employing a genetic algorithm. It is assumed that these non-uniformly sampled measurements are subject to random noises. The effectiveness of the proposed parameter estimation is demonstrated by simulations. In addition, the estimated parameters are used to analyze the equilibrium points of the HIV model, and the results are shown to be consistent with those previously obtained.

• Plant Resources
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.192-195
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• 2001

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of AIDS, still continues to spread rapidly in the world population, especially in Africa and Southeast Asia. At present, two kinds of therapeutic approaches are used for treatment of AIDS. One is to target HIV reverse transcriptase, which is responsible for the viral genome transcription. The other is to inhibit HIV pretense PR, which is essential for the processing of viral proteins. Drug combinations based on these approaches can reduce the blood virus to an undetectable level. However, a small amount of virus may lurk inside the immune cells in a dormant state. Another major obstacle of long-term treatment of the disease is remarkable mutation in HIV. Most of the clinical chemotherapeutic agents have one or more of these problems. High cost and harmful side-effects further reduced the desirability of these drugs. In the course our studies on development of anti-HIV agents from natural products, we investigated various crude drugs for their inhibitory activity against HIV-induced cytopathic effects (CPE) in culture cells, HIV-pretense (PR), HIV-reverse transcriptase (RT) including ribonuclease H (RNase H), and HIV integrase (INT). In the present paper, some inhibitory substances relating to the development of anti-HIV agents are reported.

• BMB Reports
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.337-343
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• 2000

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), transactivator of transcription (Tat), is one of the viral gene products that is essential for HIV-1 replication. The HIV-l Tat protein regulates transcription from an HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) and affects the gene expression of cellular proteins during infection. In order to develop an expression system to overexpress and simply purify HIV-1 Tat proteins, the HIV-1 Tat coding sequences that contain one or two exons were amplified using PCR and cloned into a pET vector, which contains a consecutive stretch of six histidine residues at the amino-terminus. The reconstituted vectors were overexpressed in the E. coli strain and the soluble recombinant proteins were purified to be homogeneity in a single step by $Ni^{+2}-nitrilotriacetic$ acid Sepharose chromatography under nondenaturing conditions. Recombinant HIV-1 Tat proteins were shown to transactivate the HIV-1 LTR promoter in a dose-dependent manner when introduced into mammalian cells. In addition, treatment of human endothelial cells with purified Tat proteins resulted in a significant increase in the level of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression. These results indicate that the recombinant HIV-1 Tat proteins are active in transactivating viral and cellular promoters. The expression and purification system described in this study will facilitate in characterizing the biological functions of the Tat proteins.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.252-259
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• 2024

Objectives: This study investigated factors associated with the retention of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) during the first 3 years of treatment. Methods: A retrospective study using electronic health records was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia. Adult HIV-positive patients who started ART from 2010 until 2020 were included. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with ART retention in the first 3 years. Results: In total, 535 respondents were included in the analysis. The ART retention rates for the first, second, and third years were 83.7%, 79.1%, and 77.2%, respectively. The multivariate analysis revealed a negative association between CD4 count when starting ART and retention. Patients with CD4 counts >200 cells/mL were 0.65 times less likely to have good retention than those with CD4 counts ≤200 cells/mL. The year of starting ART was also significantly associated with retention. Patients who started ART in 2010-2013 or 2014-2016 were less likely to have good retention than those who started ART in 2017-2020, with adjusted odds ratios of 0.52 and 0.40, respectively. Patients who received efavirenz-based therapy were 1.69 times more likely to have good retention than those who received nevirapine (95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 2.72). Conclusions: Our study revealed a decline in ART retention in the third year. The CD4 count, year of enrollment, and an efavirenz-based regimen were significantly associated with retention. Patient engagement has long been a priority in HIV programs, with interventions being implemented to address this issue.

• RED RIBBON
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• s.58
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• pp.16-19
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• 2004

에이즈는 HIV$^{human immunodeficiency virus}$라는 바이러스에 의해 유발되므로 에이즈를 치료하기 위해서는 HIV를 우리 몸속에서 박멸하여야 한다. 1987년 AZT가 최초로 FDA의 공인을 받은 이래로 현재까지 여러 가지 약제들이 에이즈 치료에 사용되고 있다. 아직까지 HIV를 박멸하여 에이즈를 완치할 수 있는 치료제는 개발되지 않고 있으나 에이즈 치료제를 3가지 이상 복용하는 강력한 항레트로바이러스 요법highly active antiretroviral therapy, HAART을 시행함으로써 손상된 면역 기능을 회복시키고 기회감염을 줄여 좋은 효과를 보인다. 에이즈 치료제는 크게 세가지로 나눌 수 있다. 첫째는 뉴클레오사이드 역전사효소 억제제이고 둘째는 비뉴클레오사이드 역전사효소 억제제, 셋째는 단백분해효소 억제제이다. 현재 우리나라에서 사용되는 에이즈 치료제에 대해 알아보도록 하자.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1993.09a
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• pp.52-56
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• 1993