• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.323-330
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• 2008

Surrogate tissue analysis incorporating -omics technologies has emerged as a potential alternative method for evaluating toxic effect of the tissues which are not accessible for sampling. Among the recent applications, blood including whole blood, peripheral blood lymphocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was suggested as a suitable surrogate tissue in determining toxicant exposure and effect at the pre- or early clinical stage. In this application, we investigated transcriptomic profiles in astemizole treated Cynomolgus monkey's PBMCs. PBMCs were isolated from 4-6 years old male monkeys at 24 hr after administration45 Helvetica Light (10 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg). Gene expression profiles of astemizole treated monkey's PBMCs were determined using Affymetrix $GeneChip^{(R)}$ Human Genome U133 plus 2.0 arrays. The expression levels of 724 probe sets were significantly altered in PBMCs at 10 or 30 mg/kg after astemizole administration following determination of paired t-test using statistical criteria of ${\geq}$$1.5-fold changes at P<0.05. Gene expression patterns in PBMCs showed a considerable difference between astemizole 10 and 30 mg/kg administration groups in spite of an administration of the same chemical. However, close examination using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software revealed that several gene sets related to cardiotoxicity were deregulated at astemizole 10 and 30 mg/kg administration groups. The deregulation of cardiac hypertrophy related genes such as TXN, GNAQ, and MAP3K5 was observed at 10 mg/kg group. In astemizole 30 mg/kg group, genes involved in cardiotoxicity including cardiac necrosis/cell death, dilation, fibrosis, and hypertrophy were also identified. These results suggest that toxicogenomic approach using PBMCs as surrogate tissues will contribute to assess toxicant exposures and identify biomarkers at the pre-clinical stage.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.271-279
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• 2010

We conducted a quantitative human health risk assessment with respect to inhalation of heavy metals for residents of housing developments in "new towns" where an incinerator will be operated within the area scheduled for construction thereof. To assess potential human health risk we calculated the amount of heavy metals emitted from the incinerator, and then forecasted the potential health impact on adjoining areas where new housing is to be developed (i.e. "new towns") at different altitudes by a using SCREEN-3 model. We assessed Cancer Risk (CR) caused by known carcinogens using the Inhalation Unit Risk criteria developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Notably, we assessed risk by determining concentrations of heavy metals on a floor by floor basis, as apartment buildings are to be constructed near the incinerator according to a pre-devised plan. Results indicated that cancer risk for most carcinogens exceeded US EPA standards for the highest locations at each collection point. This result indicates that construction of high buildings in areas adjoining incinerators is undesirable, and that measures to lower carcinogens are needed. The results of this study, which assessed health risk from exposure to heavy metals emitted from a nearby incinerator, can be useful in land use planning with respect to the location of housing developments in new towns, as well as the heights of any buildings constructed. Furthermore, the methodology deployed herein with respect to risk assessment can be helpful for policy makers and the general public in the event of conflicts regarding incinerator projects in the future. The results herein may also be of merit in determining priorities when establishing harm reduction measures for carcinogens at incinerators. However, the study does contain several limitations. The SCREEN-3 model, a kind of screening model that provides conservative results, can provide higher forecasted concentrations of air pollutants than other models. Moreover, although the incinerator in question is set to be a thermoselect type, domestic data for emissions from these incinerators is not available, and assumptions were based on a stoker type incinerator. Insufficient domestic data likewise compelled the use of data of USA, resulting in possible errors in results. Continued research will thus be required to develop systematic methodologies that address the foregoing factors and produce more reliable outcomes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2006

During lactic acid bacteria (LAB) transit through the gastrointestinal tract, ingested microorganisms were exposed to successive stress factors, including low pH in the human stomach and in bile acid. These stress factors can be used as criteria for the selection of a viable probiotic strain. Four such strains (Lactobacillus helveticus SGU 0011, Lactobacillus pentosus SGU 0010, Streptococcus thermophilus SGU 0021 and Lactobacillus casei SGU 0020) were isolated from raw milk. When the identified LAB were exposed to synthetic gastric juice, whereas L. casei SGU 0020 and S. thermophilus SGU 0021 exhibited a 0% survival rate, L. helveticus SGU 0011 and L. pentosus SGU 0010 exhibited 60% and 95% survival rates. L. casei SGU 0020 and S. thermophilus SGU 0021 could not be examined with regard to their tolerances to artificial bile juice, as they uniformly died upon exposure. However, L. helveticus SGU 0011 and L. pentosus SGU 0010 individually survived at rates of 39% and 93%. Also, all four of these strains were confirmed to be tolerant of ten different antibiotics.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2012

기후 변화로 인한 건강 피해를 예방하기 위해서는 지역별로 취약성 평가를 실시하고 적응대책을 수립해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 적응 대책 수립을 위한 기초 정보 제공을 목적으로 취약성 평가를 실시하였다. 건강 부문의 취약성 평가는 폭염, 오존, 매개질환 전염병의 세부 부문으로 나누어 이루어졌다. 이를 위해 각 부문별로 민감도, 적응능력, 노출 규준을 설정하고, 적합한 평가 지표를 선정하였다. 그리고 GIS를 이용하여 지표별 공간자료를 구축하고 처리하였다. 그 결과, 폭염에 의한 취약성은 남부 지방의 저지대가 중부지방에 비해 높았고, 오존에 의한 취약성은 대구분지 주변과 자동차수가 많은 수도권 및 대도시권에서 높게 나타났다. 지역 특이성이 높은 말라리아와 쯔쯔가무시증은 각각 군사분계선 근방, 남서 평야지대에서 취약성이 높게 나타났다. 또한, 미래에는 전반적으로 취약성이 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 남부에서 중부로 그리고 평지에서 낮은 산간지대로 취약 지역이 확대되는 경향을 보였다. 향후 관련 지표 자료의 확보와 지표별 가중치를 산정하고, 새로운 시나리오에 따른 미래 기상예측자료를 사용하면 좀 더 신뢰성 높은 취약성 평가가 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2014

대사체학이 질병, 약물, 스트레스, 식이, 생활습관, 유전적 차이, 장내 미생물 등에 의해서 발생하는 비정상적인 대사 메커니즘을 규명하고 관련 바이오 마커 발굴에 중요한 역할이 증명됨에 따라, 식품 영양학과 대사체학이 융합된 영양 대사체학의 역할이 더욱 중요해지고 있다. 특히 잘못된 식생활에 따른 미래의 질병 예측이 가능해지고 있어 향후 적절한 질병 예방이나 치료를 위한 적절한 식생활이나 식이에 대한 정보를 제공함으로써 건강 증진은 물론 개인별 맞춤식이나 맞춤약물 처방을 통한 개인 맞춤형 건강관리(personalized health care) 시대가 멀지 않았다. 또한 복잡한 식생활 패턴, 대사 반응에 대한 개인 간 차이 그리고 방대한 대사체 데이터와의 관계들을 효과적으로 밝혀낼 수 있는 기술에 대한 지속적인 개발과 영양 대사체학(nutritional metabolomics)이 유전체학(genomics or transcriptomics)과 단백체학(proteomics) 기술과 융합적으로 연구가 이루어질 때 질병과 식사 섭취 사이의 관계가 더욱 투명하게 규명될 것이다.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2022

As the COVID-19 pandemic situation worsens, the time spent indoors increases, and the exposure to indoor environmental pollution such as indoor air pollution and noise also increases, causing problems such as deterioration of human health, stress, and discord between neighbors. This paper designs and implements a system that measures and monitors indoor air quality and noise, which are representative evaluation criteria of the indoor environment. The system proposed in this paper consists of a particulate matter measurement subsystem that measures and corrects the concentration of particulate matters to monitor indoor air quality, and a noise measurement subsystem that detects changes in sound and converts it to a sound pressure level. The concentration of indoor particulate matters is measured using a laser-based light scattering method, and an error caused by temperature and humidity is compensated in this paper. For indoor noise measurement, the voltage measured through a microphone is basically measured, Fourier transform is performed to classify it by frequency, and then A-weighting is performed to correct loudness equality. Then, the RMS value is obtained, high-frequency noise is removed by performing time-weighting, and then SPL is obtained. Finally, the equivalent noise level for 1 minute and 5 minutes are calculated to show the indoor noise level. In order to classify noise into direct impact sound and air transmission noise, a piezo vibration sensors is mounted to determine the presence or absence of direct impact transmitted through the wall. For performance evaluation, the error of particulate matter measurement is analyzed through TSI's AM510 instrument. and compare the noise error with CEM's noise measurement system.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.26.1-26.15
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• 2021

Objectives: The aim of the present systematic review was to investigate the cryopreservation process of dental pulp mesenchymal stromal cells and whether cryopreservation is effective in promoting cell viability and recovery. Materials and Methods: This systematic review was developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and the research question was determined using the population, exposure, comparison, and outcomes strategy. Electronic searches were conducted in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, LILACS, and SciELO databases and in the gray literature (dissertations and thesis databases and Google Scholar) for relevant articles published up to March 2019. Clinical trial studies performed with dental pulp of human permanent or primary teeth, containing concrete information regarding the cryopreservation stages, and with cryopreservation performed for a period of at least 1 week were included in this study. Results: The search strategy resulted in the retrieval of 185 publications. After the application of the eligibility criteria, 21 articles were selected for a qualitative analysis. Conclusions: The cryopreservation process must be carried out in 6 stages: tooth disinfection, pulp extraction, cell isolation, cell proliferation, cryopreservation, and thawing. In addition, it can be inferred that the use of dimethyl sulfoxide, programmable freezing, and storage in liquid nitrogen are associated with a high rate of cell viability after thawing and a high rate of cell proliferation in both primary and permanent teeth.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2012

While the ability to develop nanomaterials and incorporate them into products is advancing rapidly worldwide, understanding of the potential health safety effects of nanomaterials has proceeded at a much slower pace. Since 2008, Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) started an investigation to prepare "Strategic Action Plan" to evaluate safety and nano risk management associated with foods, drugs, medical devices and cosmetics using nano-scale materials. Although there are some studies related to potential risk of nanomaterials, physical-chemical characterization of nanomaterials is not clear yet and these do not offer enough information due to their limitations. Their uncertainties make it impossible to determine whether nanomaterials are actually hazardous to human. According to the above mention, we have some problems to conduct the human exposure risk assessment currently. On the other hand, uncertainty about safety may lead to polarized public debate and to businesses unwillingness for further nanotechnology investigation. Therefore, the criteria and methods to assess possible adverse effects of nanomaterials have been vigorously taken into consideration by many international organizations: the World Health Organization, the Organization for Economic and Commercial Development and the European Commission. The object of this study was to develop risk assessment principles for safety management of future nanoproducts and also to identify areas of research to strengthen risk assessment for nanomaterials. The research roadmaps which were proposed in this study will be helpful to fill up the current gaps in knowledge relevant nano risk assessment.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2023

독성 가스 누출 사고 발생 시 인명 피해를 최소화하기 위해서는 사고 시나리오에 따른 적절한 대피 방법이 사전에 수립되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 동일 누출 조건에서 건축물의 방향과 산업단지 위치가 실내 농도 증가와 실외 확산에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고 효과적인 대피 기준을 마련하였다. 또한 이러한 기준을 바탕으로 화학사고 인명 피해 최소화라는 관점에서 건물을 건설할 때 건물 방향에 대한 기준도 마련하였다. 건물의 방향이 누출 방향에 대해 정면, 측면, 후면인 경우에 대해 전산 수치 해석을 수행하였으며, 그 결과 건물 창문이 누출되어 오는 방향과 마주보고 있을 때의 실내 오염농도가 반대편에 창문이 있을 때의 실내 오염농도와 비교하여 120배 정도 높게 나왔다. 또한, 급격한 실내 농도 증가율로 동일 시간에 실내 공간이 2배 이상 독성 가스 물질로 가득하게 되었다. 이러한 현상은 건물 창문이 정면에 위치한 경우 창문 주위의 압력 차와 속도 저하로 건물 주위에 독성 가스가 정체하게 되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 최적 대피를 위한 건축물 방향 기준을 설정한다면 화학사고 발생 시 주민들의 피해를 최소화하는 데 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.781-788
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• 2021

피부는 방사선에 대한 민감도가 높기 때문에 방사선치료 시에 피부에 조사되는 선량을 정확하게 측정하여 과도한 피폭을 방지할 필요가 있다. 임상에서는 film, OSLD, TLD, glass 선량계등과 같은 선량계를 사용하여 피부선량을 측정하고 있지만, 이러한 선량계들은 피부곡면에서의 정확한 선량측정이 힘든 문제점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하고자 인체 굴곡에 따라서 부착이 가능한 피부선량계를 개발하고 그 반응 특성을 평가하였다. 선량계 제작에는 높은 원자번호(Z_Pb: 82, Z_O: 8)와 밀도(9.53 g/cm³)로 방사선검출 측점에서 우수한 특성을 가지고 있는 Lead oxide(PbO)와 인체 굴곡에 따라 휘어질 수 있는 silicon 바인더를 사용하여 재조하였다. 한편 PbO 물질로 제작된 선량계의 경우 산화로 인한 성능 저하가 존재하기 때문에 parylene 등을 사용하여 성능저하를 방지해오고 있었지만, 기존에 사용된 parylene은 bending에 대한 영향을 받기 때문에 silicon을 이용한 새로운 형태의 passive layer를 제작하여 피부선량계에 적용하였다. 피부선량계의 특성평가는 SEM, 재현성, 선형성을 분석하여 평가하였다. SEM 분석을 통하여 bending에 영향을 받는지 평가하였으며, 6 MeV 에너지에서의 재현성, 선형성을 평가하여 피부선량계로 적용이 가능한지 평가하였다. SEM 분석을 통하여 선량계 표면을 관찰한 결과, parylene으로 passive layer가 올라간 parylene passive layer PbO 선량계는 구부러 졌을때, 표면에 crack이 발생하였다. 그에 반해 silicon passive layer가 올라간 silicon passive layer PbO 선량계에서는 crack 이 관찰되지 않았다. 재현성 측정 결과에서 silicon passive layer PbO 선량계의 RSD는 1.47%로 평가기준 RSD 1.5%를 만족하였으며, 선형성 평가 결과에서는 R²값이 0.9998로 나타나 평가기준 R² 0.9990을 만족하였다. silicon passive layer PbO 선량계는 bending에 따른 crack이 발생하지 않으며, 재현성, 선형성에서 높은 신호안정성과 정밀성, 정확성을 보여주어 피부선량계로의 적용이 가능한 것으로 평가되었다.