• 제목/요약/키워드: Human Errors

검색결과 724건 처리시간 0.024초

개인 및 조직 성향의 적합도와 직무스트레스와의 상관성에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Coincidences Between Group Traits and Personal Traits upon the Job Stress)

  • 이용희;윤종훈;이용희
    • 산업경영시스템학회지
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    • 제35권2호
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    • pp.21-29
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    • 2012
  • Person characteristics and the perception of organization climate affect on the performances associated with causes of job stress, and may induce various types of human errors. For incidence, a person's adaptation to organizational traits can influence on a person's performance with tasks assigned as well as job satisfaction, a change of occupation, etc. There are several evaluation methods such as an aptitude test to evaluate the suitability of department allocation. However, only person's traits such as an aptitude has been associated with department allocation and job assignment for the personnel management. This paper shows not only an evaluation result on the job-stress of the workers in nuclear power plants (NPPs), but also the relationships between the job-stress and the coincidences of group-personal, team-personal traits. Then, we systematically deduct a basic information on the factors to be considered to manage the organizational traits and job stress. We expect this result can contribute to enhance the organizational management against to the human errors as well as for the promotion of safety and efficiency of NPPs.

시간 압박이 인간과오 관련 뇌파 특성에 미치는 영향 (Influence of Time Stress on EEG Characteristics Related with Human Errors)

  • 임현교
    • 한국안전학회지
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.83-90
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    • 2011
  • It is well known that urgency resulted from time stress can be a great cause to industrial accidents. Therefore, time stress has been studied in the aspect of macroscopic view, namely industrial safety management, but has not been studied in microscopic view such as psychophysiological approach. Among diverse psychophysiological indices, Electroencephalogram(EEG) would be on of the most objective psychophysiological research technique on human errors though few research has been taken yet. This study aimed to get characteristics of human error while committing a simple arithmetic addition task by utilizing the power spectrum technique of EEG data. Each experiment was composed of 2 tasks under different condition - with and without time stress. As subjects, 5 young undergraduate students in their early twenties participated in this study. The results advocated a well-known fact that time stress downgrades the performance of human workers. However, correct answer rate and response time were not significantly influenced by time stress factor which might be explained by the constructural factor adopted in the present study. As in the previous studies, among various EEG-related measures, relative band power ratios of ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ waves to sum of ${\alpha}$,${\beta}$,${\theta}$ wave powers, namely $P_{{\alpha}/({\alpha}+{\beta}+{\theta})}$ and $P_{{\beta}/({\alpha}+{\beta}+{\theta})}$ seemed to be the most effective measures to grasp variation of brain activities in time-stressed situation so that discussions were expanded about their variations.

A methodology for evaluating human operator's fitness for duty in nuclear power plants

  • Choi, Moon Kyoung;Seong, Poong Hyun
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제52권5호
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    • pp.984-994
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    • 2020
  • It is reported that about 20% of accidents at nuclear power plants in Korea and abroad are caused by human error. One of the main factors contributing to human error is fatigue, so it is necessary to prevent human errors that may occur when the task is performed in an improper state by grasping the status of the operator in advance. In this study, we propose a method of evaluating operator's fitness-for-duty (FFD) using various parameters including eye movement data, subjective fatigue ratings, and operator's performance. Parameters for evaluating FFD were selected through a literature survey. We performed experiments that test subjects who felt various levels of fatigue monitor information of indicators and diagnose a system malfunction. In order to find meaningful characteristics in measured data consisting of various parameters, hierarchical clustering analysis, an unsupervised machine-learning technique, is used. The characteristics of each cluster were analyzed; fitness-for-duty of each cluster was evaluated. The appropriateness of the number of clusters obtained through clustering analysis was evaluated using both the Elbow and Silhouette methods. Finally, it was statistically shown that the suggested methodology for evaluating FFD does not generate additional fatigue in subjects. Relevance to industry: The methodology for evaluating an operator's fitness for duty in advance is proposed, and it can prevent human errors that might be caused by inappropriate condition in nuclear industries.

인적오류에 의한 항공정비의 안전과 관리방안에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Safety and Management Plan of Aviation Maintenance due to Human Error)

  • 박세종;전언찬
    • 한국기계가공학회지
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    • 제19권10호
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    • pp.68-73
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    • 2020
  • The proportion of airline accidents caused by human factors is steadily increasing. The aviation industry has made considerable progress in reducing the accident rate; however, since the early 1980s, the accident rate has remained constant. Due to airspace congestion, the safety margins of these existing safety promotion methods are gradually decreasing; thus, new methods to prevent accidents and quasi-accidents must be devised. Causative factors of aviation accidents include increased air traffic due to increased air demand, increased cumulative working hours due to long-distance flights, and complicated flight environments. Accidents often occur when several small errors accumulate in the normal course of operation, rather than after a single error. Accordingly, in this study, the impacts on air navigation due to human error by aviation maintenance personnel and varying international standards (i.e., KOCA vs. F.A.A vs. EASA) analyzed, and the relationship between human decision-making and behavior was investigated. The resulting safety analysis and alternatives were presented to prevent aviation maintenance accidents and cognitive ergonomics errors.

측정이론에 관한 중학교 1학년 학생의 선개념 조사 (Investigation on the Seventh Grade Student's Preconceptions about Measurement Theory)

  • 서정아
    • 한국과학교육학회지
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.455-465
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    • 2002
  • 본 연구는 중학교 1학년 학생 30명을 대상으로 반복 측정, 대푯값 선정, 오차, 측정의 불확실성에 대한 신개념을 관찰 및 면담을 통하여 조사하였다. 조사 결과 50%의 학생들이 단 두 번만 측정하였고, 5번 이상 측정한 학생은 없었다. 반복 측정 후에 77%의 학생들은 자신의 느낌에 의거하여 측정값 중에서 대푯값을 선택하였고, 13%의 학생만 평균값을 계산하여 대푯값으로 정하였다. 60%의 학생은 측정 오차의 원인을 환경이나 측정 도구보다는 자신의 과실 때문이라고 하였다. 또한 대부분의 학생들은 다른 사람들에 의한 측정값이나 사간차를 둔 측정값이 달라지는 원인을 인간 때문이라고 생각하였다. 측정의 불확실성에 대하여 묻는 질문에 대하여 완전히 정확한 측정이 가능하다고 응답한 학생이 40%, 측정은 불확실하다고 응답한 학생이 33% 이었다. 학생들은 이에 대한 판단 근거로 주로 인간의 한계를 생각하였다. 결론적으로 과반수 이상의 학생들이 반복 측정 및 대푯값 선정에 대하여 이해하지 못하였고 측정 오차의 원인을 자신의 과실로 생각하였다. 또한 대부분의 학생들은 측정 결과가 다르거나, 측정이 불확실한 원인을 인간으로 생각하였다.

의과대학생을 위한 환자안전 교육의 국제적 동향 및 국내 현황 (Patient Safety Education for Medical Students: Global Trends and Korea's Status)

  • 노혜린
    • 의학교육논단
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2019
  • This study is a narrative review introducing global trends in patient safety education within medical schools and exploring the status of Korean education. Core competences for patient safety include patient centeredness, teamwork, evidence- and information-based practice, quality improvement, addressing medical errors, managing human factors and system complexity, and patient safety knowledge and responsibility. According to a Korean report addressing the role of doctors, patient safety was described as a subcategory of clinical care. Doctors' roles in patient safety included taking precautions, educating patients about the side effects of drugs, and implementing rapid treatment and appropriate follow-up when patient safety is compromised. The Korean Association of Medical Colleges suggested patient safety competence as one of eight essential human and society-centered learning outcomes. They included appropriate attitude and knowledge, human factors, a systematic approach, teamwork skills, engaging with patients and carers, and dealing with common errors. Four Korean medical schools reported integration of a patient safety course in their preclinical curriculum. Studies have shown that students experience difficulty in reporting medical errors because of hierarchical culture. It seems that patient safety is considered in a narrow sense and its education is limited in Korea. Patient safety is not a topic for dealing with only adverse events, but a science to prevent and detect early system failure. Patient safety emphasizes patient perspectives, so it has a different paradigm of medical ethics and professionalism, which have doctor-centered perspectives. Medical educators in Korea should understand patient safety concepts to implement patient safety curriculum. Further research should be done on communication in hierarchical culture and patient safety education during clerkship.

Safety Culture, A New Challenge to Human Factors Engineering for 21st Century

  • Lee, Yong-Hee
    • 대한인간공학회지
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    • 제35권6호
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    • pp.473-492
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    • 2016
  • Objective: This paper discusses the recent challenges to human factors engineering due to the safety culture. Background: As incidents occurring in specific fields such as logistics, plant, energy and medical sectors in Korea, as well as in the public sectors including railway, road, aviation and shipping, are recently raised as social issues from the disaster dimension, those incidents are dealt with as man-made disasters in many cases. The trend regarding all accidents as man-made disasters has been expanded in the active perspective that the controllability of all incidents should be ensured in technology development, due to change from a fatal point of view regarding disasters as random occurrence of uncertainties in the past. Method: Man-made disasters are concluded as human errors, and safety culture stands out as a cause of human errors or a new cause item recently. Because safety culture, however, is a very comprehensive term, of which true nature is obscure, although many definitions of safety culture have been presented, the safety culture may make avoid the true nature and responsibility of an incident, or make the main player and subject obscure. Raising safety culture as a cause without presenting a specific countermeasure will be just a wisdom of hindsight. Results and Conclusion: This study reviews the fundamental discussions on "Is safety culture a task of human factors engineering?" and the existing approach carried out from various perspectives in order to seek an effective approach on the new task of safety culture in the human factors engineering field. This study discusses an engineering approach to meet a precondition that safety culture is not just an added factor through a review of the approaches in the proactive fields such as nuclear power and aviation, and the traditional approaches of human factors engineering. Application: This study especially defines the perspective of socio-technological system that has expanded the existing man-machine system, and discusses a systemic approach embracing various interactions, and several overriding tasks.

디지털 기기 기반 직무 수행 시 인적오류위험성에 대한 실험적 평가 (An Experimental Evaluation on Human Error Hazards of Task using Digital Device)

  • 오연주;장통일;이용희
    • 한국안전학회지
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.47-53
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    • 2014
  • The application of advanced Main Control Room(MCR) is accompanied with lots of changes and different forms and features through the virtue of new digital technologies. The characteristics of these digital technologies and devices give many opportunities to the interface management, and can be integrated into a compact single workstation in advanced MCR so that workers can operate the plant with minimum physical burden under any operation conditions. However, these devices may introduce new types of human errors and thus a means to evaluate and prevent such errors is needed, especially those related to characteristics of digital devices. This paper reviewed the new type of human error hazards of tasks based on digital devices and surveyed researches on physiological assessment related to human error. An experiment was performed to verify human error hazards by physiological responses such as EEG which was measured to evaluate the cognitive workload of operators. And also, the performances of four tasks which are representative in human error hazard tasks based on digital devices were compared. Response time, ${\beta}$ power spectrum rate of each task by EEG, and mental workload by NASA-TLX were evaluated. In the results of the experiment, the rate of the ${\beta}$ power was increased in the task 1 and task 4 which are searching and navigating task and memory task of hierarchical information, respectively. In case of the mental workload, in most of evaluation items, task 1 and 4 were highly rated comparatively. In this paper, human error hazards might be identified by highly cognitive workload. Conclusively, it was concluded that the predictive method which is utilized in this paper and an experimental verification can be used to ensure the safety when applying the digital devices in Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs).