• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.272-277
• /
• 2010

This experimental study was performed to investigate the antitumor effect of Egg white combined-Chalcanthite (InSan 4, IS4) in xenografted nude mice with NCI-H460 human lung cancer cell. We cultured NCI-H460 cell lines and xenografted them on nude mice. These mice were divided into 3 groups; group with dose of 45 mg/kg IS4 orally, group with dose of 90 mg/kg IS4 orally, and the control group. They had been raised and treated for 28 days. We checked their body weight, tumor weight and volume twice a week, and their absolute organ weight, microhistological observation and biochemical blood analysis at the final day by sacrificing them. We also calculated their tumor inhibition rate (IR), mean survival time and percent increase in life span (% ILS). In this study, we observed that all of the IS4 treated mice have tumor regression, dosage-dependently, compared to the control group. Tumor weight and volume of high dose treated mice were smallest. IR increased in IS4 in a dose-dependent manner. Mean survival time and percent increase in life span (% ILS) in high-dose IS4 treatment group were the highest of the three groups. There was no significant difference in biochemical blood analysis, alanine phopsphatase (ALP), Calcium, creatinine (CRE), alanine transferase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels. The urea nitrogen (UN) level results significantly decreased by IS4 45 and 90 mg/kg (IS4 45 mg/kg, IS4 90 mg/kg, p<0.01). IS4 may have potential anti-tumor effect in a solid tumor induced by NCI-H460 without remarkable side effects.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.293-298
• /
• 2017

BACKGROUND: Pyrethroids (PYRs) are a widely used insecticide in agriculture and household area. In mammals, PYRs such as deltamethrin is metabolized to 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) in liver that is mainly excreted in urine. This study is designed to single exposure of deltamethrin to rats in a dose-dependent manner and identify the correlation between deltamethrin exposure and its metabolite (3-PBA) in urine. METHODS AND RESULTS: Exposure levels of deltamethrin were control (0 mg/kg bw), low (0.0705 mg/kg bw), medium (0.705 mg/kg bw) and high (7.05 mg/kg bw) dose. Low concentration was derived by ussing Korea predictive operator exposure model (KoPOEM). Dermal exposure persisted for 6 h, and urine specimens were collected for 24 h. The urine matrix was removed after a series of procedures and 3-PBA was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. CONCLUSION: There was a strong correlation ($R^2=0.83$) between the amount of oral exposure to delta me thrin and urinary levelof3-PBAexcreted. In dermal exposure groups of deltamethrin except high-dose, also there was a good correlation between urinary 3-PBA and deltamethrin exposure, but not stronger than in oral deltamethrin exposure groups. Based on these results, therefore, the amount of 3-PBA in urine can be used as a good monitoring indicator that reflexing the exposure level of deltamethrin to human body.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.34-46
• /
• 2010

Objective: This experimental study was performed to examine if Hang-Am-Dan non-boiled water extracts (HAD-N) induce apoptosis in human lung carcinoma NCI-H460 cells in vitro and inhibits the growth of NCI-H460 cell-transplanted solid tumor in vivo. Materials and Methods: We cultured NCI-H460 cell lines and xenografted them to nude mice. The mice were divided into 3 groups, NCI-H460 cell alone, NCI-H460 + 90 mg/kg HAD-N treated group, and NCI-H460 + 180 mg/kg HAD-N treated group, with seven mice per group. HAD-N was orally administrated every day for four weeks. We checked their body weight and tumor weight and volumes two times a week and their absolute organ weight and biochemical blood analysis at the final day by sacrificing them. We also calculated their tumor inhibition rate (IR), mean survival time and percent increase in life span (% ILS). Results: In this study, we observed that all of the HAD-N treated mice got smaller tumors. The more doses of HAD-N used, the less IR showed at the 8th day after starting this experiment. Tumor weight and volume of HAD-N treatment groups also decreased. Mean survival time and percent increase in life span (% ILS) in the high-dose HAD-N treatment groups were higher than those of other groups. The test substances in the blood level UN results showed reduction in the significance in both HAD-N 90 mg/kg and HAD-N 180 mg/kg (p<0.01). The blood level phosphatase results in HAD-N 90 mg/kg group compared to NCI-H460 cell alone group showed a reduction in significance (p<0.05). AST levels HAD-N 180 mg/kg group compared to NCI-H460 cell alone group significance as well (p<0.05). Conclusion: We suggest that the results of the in vivo study showed that HAD-N may have potential as a growth inhibitor of tumor-induced NCI-H460 of nude mice in spite of the shortcomings of this study. More studies to overcome those shortcomings and to find out significant antitumor mechanism will be needed.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.398-405
• /
• 2015

Background: Ginseng has been used as a tonic for invigoration of the human body. In a previous report, we identified a novel candidate responsible for the tonic role of ginseng, designated gintonin. Gintonin induces $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ transient in animal cells via lysophosphatidic acid receptor activation. Gintonin-mediated $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ transient is linked to anti-Alzheimer's activity in transgenic Alzheimer's disease animal model. The previous method for gintonin preparation included multiple steps. The aim of this study is to develop a simple method of gintonin fraction with a high yield. Methods: We developed a brief method to obtain gintonin using ethanol and water. We extracted ginseng with fermentation ethanol and fractionated the extract with water to obtain water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions. The water-insoluble precipitate, rather than the water-soluble supernatant, induced a large $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ transient in primary astrocytes. We designated this fraction as gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF). Results: The yield of GEF was approximately 6-fold higher than that obtained in the previous gintonin preparation method. The apparent molecular weight of GEF, determined using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was equivalent to that obtained in the previous gintonin preparation method. GEF induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ transient in cortical astrocytes. The effective dose (ED50) was $0.3{\pm}0.09{\mu}g/mL$. GEF used the same signal transduction pathway as gintonin during $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ transient induction in mouse cortical astrocytes. Conclusion: Because GEF can be prepared through water precipitation of ginseng ethanol extract and is easily reproducible with high yield, it could be commercially utilized for the development of gintoninderived functional health food and natural medicine.

• Journal of Breast Disease
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.52-59
• /
• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether clinicopathological factors are potentially associated with successful breast-conserving surgery (BCS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and develop a nomogram for predicting successful BCS candidates, focusing on those who are diagnosed with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative tumors during the pre-NAC period. Methods: The training cohort included 239 patients with an HR-positive, HER2-negative tumor (${\geq}3cm$), and all of these patients had received NAC. Patients were excluded if they met any of the following criteria: diffuse, suspicious, malignant microcalcification (extent >4 cm); multicentric or multifocal breast cancer; inflammatory breast cancer; distant metastases at the time of diagnosis; excisional biopsy prior to NAC; and bilateral breast cancer. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the possible predictors of BCS eligibility after NAC, and the regression model was used to develop the predicting nomogram. This nomogram was built using the training cohort (n=239) and was later validated with an independent validation cohort (n=123). Results: Small tumor size (p<0.001) at initial diagnosis, long distance from the nipple (p=0.002), high body mass index (p=0.001), and weak positivity for progesterone receptor (p=0.037) were found to be four independent predictors of an increased probability of BCS after NAC; further, these variables were used as covariates in developing the nomogram. For the training and validation cohorts, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.833 and 0.786, respectively; these values demonstrate the potential predictive power of this nomogram. Conclusion: This study established a new nomogram to predict successful BCS in patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer. Given that chemotherapy is an option with unreliable outcomes for this subtype, this nomogram may be used to select patients for NAC followed by successful BCS.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.173-183
• /
• 2021

Objectives: This study evaluated the skin permeability of lawsone in henna hair dyes to understand the exposure characteristics of henna hair dyes in the human body. It examined the protective effects of protectants by applying protectants A, B, and C to test skin. Methods: Skin absorption tests were conducted using Franz diffusion cells according to OECD test guideline 428. After applying one kind of natural henna hair dye and chemical henna hair dye, respectively, to a standardized pig skin model, samples of receptor fluid were collected at 1h, 3h, 6h, and 24h. The skin permeation of lawsone was determined using HPLC. After the skin absorption experiment, the skin to which hair dye was applied was analyzed to determine the residual amount of lawsone in the skin. Results: The cumulative permeation of both natural and chemical henna hair dyes increased over time, and the natural henna hair dye had a flux value (t=3.194, p<.05) high both in the K_p value (t=3.207, p<.05) and the residual amount (t=22.701, p<.001). For skin treated with a protectant, the cumulative permeation of natural henna hair dye 24h control and the cumulative permeation of protectant A, B, and C increased over time. Flux and K_p values were in the order control > protectant A > protectant C > protectant B. The residual amount (F=4.469, p<.05) was in the order of protectant C > protectant A > protectant B > control. At 3h, the dye application time of natural henna hair dye, the lawsone flux value (F=4.454, p<.05) and K_p value (F=4.455, p<.05) were higher in the control group than in the protectant groups. The 24h cumulative permeation of the chemical henna hair dye increased with time in both the control and the protectant groups, and the flux and K_p values were in the order of protectant A > protectant C > protectant B > control. The residual amount (F=7.901, p<.01) was in the order of protectant B > protectant A> protectant C > control. Conclusions: Within the normal dyeing time for henna hair dye (three hours for natural henna hair dyes and 30 minutes for chemical henna hair dyes) lawsone skin penetration was not observed even when no protective agent was applied. After that time, however, evidence of skin penetration and retention of lawsone and the protective effect of protective agents were observed.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.605-612
• /
• 2021

지구온난화로 인한 이상기후로 전 세계적 피해가 커지고 있는 가운데, 내연기관의 온실가스 배출을 줄이기 위하여, 친환경자동차 도입이 가속화되고 있다. 이에 각국에서는 수소연료자동차의 안전성 확보를 위해 터널이나 지하주차장과 같은 반밀폐공간에서 수소 연료 폭발에 대비한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 반밀폐공간이라 할 수 있는 지하주차장을 대상으로 수소탱크의 폭발을 등가 TNT 모델을 적용하여 폭발압력을 예측하고 이 값을 폭발압력에 따른 피해범위 및 영향을 분석하였다. 등가 TNT 모델을 적용한 수소탱크 폭발압력 예측 결과 수소용량이 52 Liter인 경우를 기준으로 75 Liter, 156 Liter인 경우 1.5 m 높이에서 각각 약 1.12배, 2.30배 높은 것으로 나타났다. 예측된 최대폭발압력을 충격량으로 환산하여 인체 및 건물에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과 모든 예측값이 폐 손상 또는 심각한 부분 파괴가 발생할 것으로 예측 되었으며, 예측된 피해정도는 폭발에 따른 충격량만으로 환산 적용한 것이며, 폭발에 따른 부가적인 피해를 고려한다면 실제 피해는 더욱 증가되어 이에 대한 안전 및 방재의 대책이 강구되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국방재안전학회논문집
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2023

본 연구는 복합화력발전소 내 배연탈질 설비에서 원료 및 중간재로 많이 사용되는 암모니아의 연속 누출에 대한 유해 위험 거리 예측 및 정량적 평가를 위한 피해영향 모델링이다. 피해 예측은 사고 영향 평가와 확산모델을 기반으로 암모니아 저장탱크 누출사고의 최적 시나리오를 모델링 하기 위해 변수들의 조업조건을 표준조건으로 하였다. 대상지역인 한국서부발전 태안발전본부의 복합화력발전소는 온도, 습도, 풍속, 대기 안정도, 풍향 등의 계절적 요인에 따른 기상 조건과 지형적 조건을 설정하기에 최적의 조건이며, 시나리오에 따른 모델링 결과가 누출 사고에 대한 특성을 분석하기에 가장 적합하였다. 암모니아 가스는 Gaussian 확산모델을 기반으로 하여 확산에 따른 LOC 별 농도치를 도출하였다. 본 연구를 통한 ALOHA 모델링 결과는 대기 조건의 경우 온도가 높고 안정도가 표준수치 범위이며, 풍속이 낮을수록 암모니아 확산에 의한 인체 피해 영향 정도가 높아지는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 서비스연구
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.63-75
• /
• 2023

산업이 발전하면서 대기오염물질에 대한 관심도는 높아졌다. 대기오염물질은 환경오염, 지구 온난화 등 다양한 분야에 영향을 미쳤다. 그 중 환경성 질환은 대기오염물질에 의해 영향을 받은 분야 중 하나이다. 대기오염물질은 분자의 크기가 작아 인체의 피부나 호흡기를 통해 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 이러한 점 때문에 대기오염물질과 환경성 질환에 대한 연구가 다양하게 진행됐다. 환경성 질환의 일환인 천식은 증상이 심해져 천식발작을 일으킬 경우 생명에 위협을 줄 수 있고 성인 천식의 경우 한번 발병을 하면 완치가 어렵다. 천식을 악화시키는 요인에는 황사, 대기오염이 포함된다. 전 세계적으로 천식은 유병률이 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 본 논문에서는 대기오염물질이 천식 환자의 응급실 입원 건수와 어떤 상관관계를 가지는지 연구하고 상관관계가 높은 대기오염물질을 이용하여 미래의 천식 환자 수를 예측했다. 대기오염물질은 아황산가스(SO₂), 일산화탄소(CO₂), 오존(O₃), 이산화질소(NO₂)와 미세먼지(PM₁₀) 5가지 대기오염물질의 농도를 이용하고 환경성 질환은 천식 환자의 응급실 입원 건수 데이터를 이용하였다. 대기오염물질과 천식의 응급환자 수에 대한 데이터는 2013년 1월1일 부터 2017년 12월 31일 까지 총 5년 치의 데이터를 이용하였다. 모델은 Informer와 LTSF-Linear의 두 가지 모델을 이용하여 예측을 진행하였고 모델의 성능을 측정하기 위해 MAE, MAPE, RMSE 의 성능지표를 이용했다. 천식의 응급환자 수 예측은 응급환자 수를 포함하여 예측을 진행한 경우와 포함하지 않고 진행한 두 가지 경우 모두 진행하여 결과를 비교했다. 본 논문은 Informer와 LTSF-Linear 모델을 이용한 천식 응급환자 수의 예측에 모델의 성능을 향상 시키는 대기 오염물질을 제시한다.

• 한국안광학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.181-187
• /
• 2002

수정체는 조절력의 변화에 의해서 곡률이 변화한다. 조절력은 탄성체인 수정체에 힘을 수직으로 주는 경우 정점 방향으로 길이가 늘어난다. 힘을 받는 수정체는 밀도 분포와 형태가 후면에 치우쳐있어, 후면 방향의 수평 힘 보다 전면 방향의 수평 힘이 더 크다. 그러므로 후면 방향 보다 전면 방향의 두께가 더 많아 늘어난다. 그러나 조절력이 일정 값 보다 커지기 시작하면 전면에서는 팽창률이 한계에 도달하다. 이 때 전면 방향의 수평 힘 보다 후면 방향의 수평 힘이 더 커지게 되어, 전면 방향 보다 후면 방향의 두께가 더 많아 늘어난다. 전면과 후면의 두께변화 차이는 조절력에 대해 2차 곡선(${\Delta}=B_1D+B_2D^2$)을 이룬다. 조절력에 따른 전면과 후면의 두께(${\Delta}t_a$, ${\Delta}t_p$) 차이 변화 곡선은 다음과 같이 표현된다. $${\Delta}t_a=t_a-t_{ao}=t_{max}+t_0{\exp}(-A/B)-t_{ao}$$ $${\Delta}t_p=t_p-t_{po}=t_{min}+t_0{\exp}(A/B)-t_{po}$$ 인간의 수정체에서 구한 각각의 Parameter값은 전면에서 $t_{min}=1.1.06$, $t_0=-0.33$, B=9.32, 후면에서 $t_{max}=1.97$, $t_0=0.10$ B=7.96 등을 얻었다. 조절력에 따른 수정체의 전면과 후면에서 정점 곡률 안정의 변화는 다음과 같다. $$R=R_0+R_1{\exp}(D/k)$$ 수정체에서 구한 각각의 Parameter 값은 전면에서 $R_{min}=5.55$, $R_1=6.87$, k=4.65, 후면에서 $R_{max}=-68.6$, $R_1=76.7$, k=308.5 등을 얻었다.