• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권23호
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• pp.10407-10412
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• 2015

Background: ${\beta}$-elemene, extracted from herb medicine Curcuma wenyujin has potent anti-tumor effects in various cancer cell lines. However, the activity of ${\beta}$-elemene against glioma cells remains unclear. In the present study, we assessed effects of ${\beta}$-elemene on human glioma cells and explored the underlying mechanism. Materials and Methods: Human glioma U87 cells were used. Cell proliferation was determined with MTT assay and colony formation assay to detect the effect of ${\beta}$-elemene at different doses and times. Fluorescence microscopy was used to observe cell apoptosis with Hoechst 33258 staining and change of glioma apoptosis and cell cycling were analyzed by flow cytometry. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western-blotting assay were performed to investigated the influence of ${\beta}$-elemene on expression levels of Fas/FasL, caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax. The experiment was divided into two groups: the blank control group and ${\beta}$-elemne treatment group. Results: With increase in the concentration of ${\beta}$-elemene, cytotoxic effects were enhanced in the glioma cell line and the concentration of inhibited cell viability ($IC_{50}$) was $48.5{\mu}g/mL$ for 24h. ${\beta}$-elemene could induce cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. With Hoechst 33258 staining, apoptotic nuclear morphological changes were observed. Activation of caspase-3,-8 and -9 was increased and the pro-apoptotic factors Fas/FasL and Bax were upregulated, while the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 was downregulated after treatment with ${\beta}$-elemene at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, proliferation and colony formation by U87 cells were inhibited by ${\beta}$-elemene in a time and does-dependent manner. Conclusions: Our results indicate that ${\beta}$-elemene inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of human glioma cells in vitro. The induction of apoptosis appears to be related with the upregulation of Fas/FasL and Bax, activation of caspase-3,-8 and -9 and downregulation of Bcl-2, which then trigger major apoptotic cascades.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7459-7466
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• 2013

Background: Some 60 years after introduction of the Papanicolaou smear worldwide, cervical cancer remains a burden in developing countries where >85% of world new cases and deaths occur, suggesting a failure to establish comprehensive cervical-cancer control programs. Effective interventions are available to control cervical cancer but are not all affordable in low-income settings. Disease awareness saves lives by risk-reduction as witnessed in reducing mortality of HIV/AIDS and smoking-related cancers. Subjects and Methods: We initiated a community-based awareness program on cervical cancer in two low-income Muslim Uyghur townships in Kashi (Kashgar) Prefecture, Xinjiang, China in 2008. The education involved more than 5,000 women from two rural townships and awareness was then evaluated in 2010 and 2011, respectively, using a questionnaire with 10 basic knowledge questions on cervical cancer. Demographic information was also collected and included in an EpiData database. A 10-point scoring system was used to score the awareness. Results: The effectiveness and feasibility of the program were evaluated among 4,475 women aged 19-70 years, of whom >92% lived on/below US$1.00/day. Women without prior education showed a poor average awareness rate of 6.4% (164/2,559). A onetime education intervention, however, sharply raised the awareness rate by 4-fold to 25.5% (493/1,916). Importantly, low income and illiteracy were two reliable factors affecting awareness before or after education intervention. Conclusions: Education intervention can significantly raise the awareness of cervical cancer in low-income women. Economic development and compulsory education are two important solutions in raising general disease awareness. We propose that implementing community-based awareness programs against cervical cancer is realistic, locally affordable and sustainable in low-income countries, which may save many lives over time and, importantly, will facilitate the integration of comprehensive programs when feasible. In this context, adopting this strategy may provide one good example of how to achieve "good health at low cost".

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.8003-8008
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• 2015

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate whether family history of cancer is associated with head and neck cancer risk in a Chinese population. Materials and Methods: This case-control study included 921 cases and 806 controls. Recruitment was from December 2010 to January 2015 in eight centers in East Asia. Controls were matched to cases with reference to sex, 5-year age group, ethnicity, and residence area at each of the centers. Results: We observed an increased risk of head and neck cancer due to first degree family history of head and neck cancer, but after adjustment for tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and betel quid chewing the association was no longer apparent. The adjusted OR were 1.10 (95% CI=0.80-1.50) for family history of tobacco-related cancer and 0.96 (95%CI=0.75-1.24) for family history of any cancer with adjustment for tobacco, betel quid and alcohol habits. The ORs for having a first-degree relative with HNC were higher in all tobacco/alcohol subgroups. Conclusions: We did not observe a strong association between family history of head and neck cancer and head and neck cancer risk after taking into account lifestyle factors. Our study suggests that an increased risk due to family history of head and neck cancer may be due to shared risk factors. Further studies may be needed to assess the lifestyle factors of the relatives.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제42권12호
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• pp.906-918
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• 2019

MicroRNA-223-3p (miR-223-3p) is one of the potential microRNAs that have been shown to alleviate inflammatory responses in pre-clinical investigations and is highly encased in exosomes derived from bone mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-exosomes). MSC-exosomes are able to function as carriers to deliver microRNAs into cells. Autoimmune hepatitis is one of the challenging liver diseases with no effective treatment other than steroid hormones. Here, we examined whether MSC-exosomes can transfer miR-223-3p to treat autoimmune hepatitis in an experimental model. We found that MSC-exosomes were successfully incorporated with miR-223-3p and delivered miR-223-3p into macrophages. Moreover, there was no toxic effect of exosomes on the macrophages. Furthermore, treatments of either exosomes or exosomes with miR-223-3p successfully attenuated inflammatory responses in the liver of autoimmune hepatitis and inflammatory cytokine release in both the liver and macrophages. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of miR-223-3p level and STAT3 expression in the liver and macrophages. These results suggest that MSC-exosomes can be used to deliver miR-223-3p for the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.413-419
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 3D 프린팅 카트리지로서 수리미 혼합물의 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 수리미 혼합물 제조 시 감자 전분 첨가에 따른 물성 변화와 냉장 저장 시 나타나는 물성 변화 및 관능평가를 측정하였다. 그 결과 색도 변화에서는 명도와 황색도의 경우 감자 전분 무첨가군이 냉장 저장 전과 후 모두 가장 높은 값을 보였고, 적색도와 색차의 경우 감자 전분 무첨가군이 냉장 저장 전과 후 모두 가장 낮은 값을 나타냈다. 적색도의 경우 0, 1, 3 wt% 첨가군에서 7일간 냉장 저장에 따른 유의한 감소가 확인되었고, 황색도의 경우 1, 2 wt% 첨가군에서 저장에 따른 유의간 감소를 보였다. 감자 전분 첨가에 따른 물성 변화에서는 경도와 검성이 감자 전분 첨가군이 무첨가군에 비해 증가하였다. 부착성, 탄력성, 응집성, 씹힘성 및 복원성에서는 감자 전분 첨가군과 무첨가군 사이에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 냉장 저장에 따른 물성 변화에서 가열 후 7일 저장한 수리미 혼합물의 경우 저장 전 수리미 혼합물과 비교하여 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 가열 후 7일간 냉장 저장 후 튀긴 수리미 혼합물의 경우 경도, 검성, 씹힘성은 냉장 저장 전보다 감소하였고, 응집성, 복원성은 증가하는 결과를 확인하였다. 관능평가 결과, 감자전분의 함량이 증가함에 따라 냄새, 맛, 경도, 탄력성 및 종합적 호감도 등 전체적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 유의한 변화는 없었다. 7일간 냉장 저장한 가열 수리미는 모든 항목에 있어서 감자 전분 함량의 증가에 따른 유의적인 차이가 확인되지 않았다. 또한 색깔을 제외한 나머지 항목에서는 냉장 저장에 따른 유의한 차이가 확인되지 않았다. 이러한 결과를 통해 감자 전분의 첨가가 수리미 혼합물의 맛과 냄새에 영향을 주지 않고, 냉장 저장 시에도 관능 평가 상 큰 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 수리미 혼합물 제조 시 감자 전분의 첨가는 제품의 제조 및 냉장 보관 상 물성 및 품질에 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 확인된 바, 감자 전분이 3D프린팅용 수리미 제조 시 카트리지 소재로 적합하다고 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.391-396
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 식품 3D 프린터용 카트리지 소재 개발을 위하여 수리미 제조 시 첨가하는 물과 얼음 대신 우유를 첨가하여 색도, 물성, 관능적 특성을 대조군과 비교하여 실험을 진행하였다. 색도 측정 결과, 우유 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 비 가열 수리미 혼합물과 가열 수리미 혼합물 모두 L^*값과 b^*값이 대조군에 비해 증가하였고, 40 wt% 비율 첨가 시료에서 가장 높은 값이 나오는 것을 확인하였다. 물성 측정 결과는 비 가열 수리미 혼합물의 경우 우유 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 경도와 부착성이 증가하였고, 40 wt% 비율 첨가 시료에서 가장 높은 값이 나오는 것을 확인하였다. 가열 수리미 혼합물의 경우 우유 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 경도, 검성, 부착성, 씹힘성이 증가하고, 탄력성, 응집성, 복원성은 감소하였다. 위의 결과로 우유 첨가 비율이 증가할수록 일정한 경향이 나오는 것을 확인하였다. 관능 평가 결과에서는 우유 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 비린내, 맛, 경도가 유의적으로 개선되는 경향을 보였으며, 냄새, 이미, 조직감이 개선되는 것을 확인하였다. 결론적으로 40 wt% 비율의 우유 첨가 시 수리미의 품질 특성을 좌우하는 큰 요소 중 하나인 백색도 개선과 유화물로서의 물성 증진 효과 및 관능적인 증진효과를 얻어 고품질의 3D 프린터용 실꼬리돔 수리미 카트리지 소재를 개발할 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.2335-2347
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• 2023

As medical facilities are usually built at urban areas, special concrete aggregates and evaluation methods are needed to optimize the design of concrete walls by balancing density, thickness, material composition, cost, and other factors. Carbon treatment rooms require a high radiation shielding requirement, as the neutron yield from carbon therapy is much higher than the neutron yield of protons. In this case study, the maximum carbon energy is 430 MeV/u and the maximum current is 0.27 nA from a hybrid particle therapy system. Hospital or facility construction should consider this requirement to design a special heavy concrete. In this work, magnetite is adopted as the major aggregate. Density is determined mainly by the major aggregate content of magnetite, and a heavy concrete test block was constructed for structural tests. The compressive strength is 35.7 MPa. The density ranges from 3.65 g/cm³ to 4.14 g/cm³, and the iron mass content ranges from 53.78% to 60.38% from the 12 cored sample measurements. It was found that there is a linear relationship between density and iron content, and mixing impurities should be the major reason leading to the nonuniform element and density distribution. The effect of this nonuniformity on radiation shielding properties for a carbon treatment room is investigated by three groups of Monte Carlo simulations. Higher density dominates to reduce shielding thickness. However, a higher content of high-Z elements will weaken the shielding strength, especially at a lower dose rate threshold and vice versa. The weakened side effect of a high iron content on the shielding property is obvious at 2.5 µSv=h. Therefore, we should not blindly pursue high Z content in engineering. If the thickness is constrained to 2 m, then the density can be reduced to 3.3 g/cm³, which will save cost by reducing the magnetite composition with 50.44% iron content. If a higher density of 3.9 g/cm³ with 57.65% iron content is selected for construction, then the thickness of the wall can be reduced to 174.2 cm, which will save space for equipment installation.

• Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
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• 제501권4호
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• pp.5616-5645
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• 2021

We analyse the large-scale clustering in Fourier space of emission line galaxies (ELG) from the Data Release 16 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey. The ELG sample contains 173 736 galaxies covering 1170 deg² in the redshift range 0.6 eff = 0.845 we measure D_V(z_eff)/r_drag = 18.33^+0.57_-0.62, with D_V the volume-averaged distance and r_drag the comoving sound horizon at the drag epoch. In combination with the RSD measurement, at z_eff = 0.85 we find fσ₈(z_eff) = 0.289^+0.085_-0.096, with f the growth rate of structure and σ₈ the normalization of the linear power spectrum, D_H(z_eff)/r_drag = 20.0^+2.4_-2.2 and D_M(z_eff)/r_drag = 19.17 ± 0.99 with D_H and D_M the Hubble and comoving angular distances, respectively. These results are in agreement with those obtained in configuration space, thus allowing a consensus measurement of fσ₈(z_eff) = 0.315 ± 0.095, D_H(z_eff)/r_drag = 19.6^+2.2_-2.1 and D_M(z_eff)/r_drag = 19.5 ± 1.0. This measurement is consistent with a flat ΛCDM model with Planck parameters.