• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.1
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• pp.173-181
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• 2021

Purpose To evaluate the ability of the Hounsfield unit (HU) measurement of the femoral neck during multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) for assessing osteoporosis compared with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Materials and Methods Forty-two patients with femoral neck fractures who underwent MDCT and DXA from July to December 2016 were included in this study. HU measurements were made of the cancellous portions of the normal contralateral femoral neck on MDCT. Bone mineral density (BMD) and T-scores were obtained at the femur DXA. Correlations of HU values with BMD and T-scores were analyzed using Spearman's correlation test. Results The mean BMD and T-score of the femoral neck were 0.650 g/cm² and -2.4, respectively. The mean HU values for the normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups were 131.9, 98.9, and 41.3, respectively. HU values at the femoral neck were positively correlated with BMD (r² = 0.670; p < 0.001) and T-scores (r² = 0.676; p < 0.001). Conclusion The HU values of the femoral neck on MDCT are significantly correlated with BMD and T-scores of femur DXA. The HU values may serve as a diagnostic tool for the screening of regional bone quality when MDCT is performed for other reasons.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.669-676
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes in the values of Hounsfield Unit (HU) according to the changes in monoenergy (keV) and dilution ratio of the contrast agent, using the spectral CT. Spectral CT was used as the testing device, while 20 cc syringe phantom was used to set a total of six dilution ratios of the contrast agent: 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, and 3:7. Here, the non-ionic iodine solution (350 mg/ml) was used as a contrast agent. The syringe axial image was reconstructed by adjusting the obtained data on nine MonoE levels; 40 keV, 45 keV, 50 keV, 55 keV, 60 keV, 65 keV, 70 keV, 75 keV, and 80 keV. The HU values were measured at the three points of the reconstructed syringe axial image. The measurements were taken 1,620 times in total. In the analysis of the HU values according to the changes in keV and dilution ratio of the contrast agent, the highest and lowest HU values were obtained from dilution ratio 8:2 and dilution ratio 3:7, respectively, across every MonoE in the comparison of HU according to dilution ratio per MonoE (p<0.05), while the highest and lowest HU values were obtained from 40 keV and 80 keV, respectively, across all dilution ratios in the comparison of HU according to MonoE per dilution ratio (p<0.05). For the correlation per each parameter, a negative correlation of -15.014 ± 0.298 was found for HU per keV (R²=0.519) and a negative correlation of -61.372 ± 3.608 was found for HU per dilution ratio (R²=0.152) (p<0.05). To conclude, an increase in keV or dilution ratio of the contrast agent was shown to decrease the HU, and the findings in this study are anticipated to serve as the basic data in the research of HU-related parameters in Spectral CT.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2021

Human Sapovirus (HuSaV) is one of the major causes of acute gastroenteritis in humans, and it is used as a molecular diagnostic technique based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from humans, food, shellfish, and aquatic environments. In this study, the HuSaV diagnosis technique was used in an aquatic environment where a number of PCR inhibitors are included and pathogens, such as viruses, are estimated to exist at low concentration levels. HuSaV-specific primers are improved to detect 38 strains registered in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The established optimal condition and the composition, including the RT-nested PCR primers and SL® Non-specific reaction inhibitor, were found to have 100 times higher sensitivity based on HuSaV plasmid than the previously reported methods (100 ag based on HuSaV plasmid 1 ng/μL). Through an artificial infection test, the developed method was able to detect at least 1 fg/μL of HuSaV plasmid contaminated with total nucleic acid extracted from groundwater. In addition, RT-nested PCR primer sets for HuSaV detection can react, and a positive control is developed to verify false positives. This study is expected to be used as a HuSaV monitoring method in the future and applied to the safety response to HuSaV from water environments.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.415-425
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• 1998

A recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) was administered intravenously at dosage levels of 0, 100, 500, and 2500IU/kg/day for a period of 3 weeks. There were no observed clinical signs and deaths related to treatment in all groups tested. Decreases in body weight gain and food consumption were observed only in males of 2,5000IU/kg group after 2 weeks. In hematological parameters, erythrocyte content, hematocrit values and hemoglobin concentration were dose- dependently increased in rHuEPO treated groups. The ratio between kidney weight and whole body weight was significantly increased in females of 500 and 2,500IU/kg groups. The spleen weight was also increased in both sexes of 500 and 2,500IU/kg groups. However, the absolute weight change of other organs was not observed. In histopathological examinations, the renal tubular basophilia was observed only in males and females of 2,500IU/kg groups. From these results, it is concluded that the no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of rHuEPO is 100 IU/kg in rats in the present study.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 2009

Purpose : 본 연구의 목적은 항암치료로 인한 빈혈환자의 치료에서 epoetin alpha (rHuEPO) 피하주사 시, 주일회 요법과 주삼회요법의 헤모글로빈(hemoglobin, Hb) 상승 효과를 비교하는 것이다. Methods : 본 연구는 1999년 3월부터 2005년 3월까지 국립암센터에서 항암치료로 인한 빈혈로 epoetin alpha를 투여 받은 환자를 대상으로 의무기록의 자료를 후향적으로 수집하여 분석하였다. 연구에 포함된 환자는 rHuEPO 10,000 IU 주삼회투여군(n = 127)과 20,000 IU 주일회투여군(n = 81)으로 구분되었으며, 이들은 필요에 따라 경구용 철분보조제를 섭취하였다. Epoetin alpha 치료 시작 후 최대 8주까지 2주 간격으로 Hb 수치변화를 분석하였다. Results : 치료 시작 시점의 rHuEPO 10,000 IU 주삼회투여군과 20,000 IU 주일회투여군의 평균 Hb수치는 유사하였 다 (9.4 g/dL vs. 9.7 g/dL). Epoetin alpha 치료 후 8주까지 두 그룹간의 헤모글로빈 수치의 상승 정도에는 유의한 차이가 없었다 ($1.57{\pm}1.39$ g/dL vs. $1.68{\pm}1.35$ g/dL, p=0.59). 또한 경구용 철분보조제 투여여부, cisplatin 포함 항암제 투여여부 및 성별에 따른 군의 분류에 있어서도 rHuEPO 10,000 IU 주삼회투여군과 20,000 IU 주일회투여군의 평균 Hb 상승수치는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. Conclusion : 한국인에서 항암치료로 인한 빈혈의 치료 시에 rHuEPO 20,000 IU 주일회투여 용법은 10,000 IU 주 삼회투여 용법과 유사한 Hb 상승효과를 가진다.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 1987

A Peri-and Postnatal Study was Carried out to examine the effects of rHuIFN-${\alpha}A$, produced by gene-manipulated E. coli, on offsprings of Wistar rats. The substance was administered intraperitoneally to dams at dose levels of $1{\times}10^5$, $4{\times}10^5$ and $1.2{\times}10^6$ I.U/kg/day during the period from day 17 of gestation to day 21 after delivery. All the pregnant dams were allowed to deliver naturally, and the postnatal development of the offsprings was observed. No noticeable toxic effects and pathological changes on dams were observed, and no detectable variations in postnatal development of offsprings occured.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 1986.12a
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• pp.520.2-520
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• 1986

Ames test와 포유동물 배양세포를 이용한 염색체 이상시험을 통하여 유전자 조작된 대장균이 생산한 알파 인터페론의 변이원성 유무를 조사하였다. rHu IFN-$\alpha$ A는 S. typhimurium (TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 1538, TA 98, TA 100) 에 30, 3000, 30,000 IU/plate의 농도에서 변이원성을 나타내지 않았으며, rat(Sprague-Dawley)의 골수세포를 이용한 생체내 염색체 이상시험을 실시하여 양성대조군인 nitroso-guanidine과 rHu IFN-$\alpha$A 각각에 대한 염색체 구조 이상의 출현율을 조사하였다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.496-505
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• 2015

A variant peak was detected in the analysis of RP-HPLC of rHu-EPO, which has about 7% relative content. Fractions of the main and the variant peaks were pooled separately and further analyzed to identify the molecular structure of the variant peak. Total mass analysis for each peak fraction using ESI-TOF MS shows differences in molecular mass. The fraction of the main peak tends to result in higher molecular masses than the fraction of the variant. The detected masses for the variant are about 600-1000 Da smaller than those for the main peak. Peptide mapping analysis for each peak fraction using Asp-N and Glu-C shows differences in O-glycopeptide profiles at Ser126. The O-glycopeptides were not detected in the fraction of the variant. It is concluded that the variant peak is non-O-glycosylated rHu-EPO and the main peak is fully O-glycosylated rHu-EPO at Ser126.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.651-660
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to create a phantom with a HU value similar to that of the human Femur using a 3D printer to replace the existing pig bone. A total of 372 people were analyzed to determine the HU value of human Femur. Using a 3D printer, a human bone model phantom was fabricated using PLA-Cu 20% and subjected to CT examination. Pig bones were 6 months old pigs, and bones 2 days after slaughter were used. As a result of the examination, the 3D printing phantom made with 80% of the internal filling showed a similar value to all data of the human body (p<0.05), and there was a difference from the pig bone (p>0.05). In addition, in the case of the HU value of Femur by age group, it was confirmed that the value of HU decreased as the age group increased (p<0.05). 3D printing and HU values confirmed a weak negative correlation with respect to the stacking height, but confirmed a strong positive correlation (R² = 0.996) with 182.13±1.290 in the inner filling (p<0.05). In conclusion, it was confirmed that the human body model phantom using 3D printing can exhibit a similar level of HU value to the human body compared to the existing pig bone phantom, and this study will provide basic data for the production of a human body model phantom using a 3D printer.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.519-526
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• 1996

Background : Clinical and Radiographic studies to differentiate benign from malignant pulmonary nodules have previously focused on clinical status and the morphologic and the computed tomographic attenuation characteristics of the lung nodules. Distinctive differences in the vascularity and pathophysiology of malignant versus benign pulmonary nodules were identified. We evaluated the diagnostic method for differentiating malignant from benign solitary pulmonary nodule by contrast enhancement on the spiral CT. Method : Sixteen patients with solitary pulmonary nodule were examined(Tuberculoma 8, primary lung cancer 8). Serial thin section on the spiral CT was performed before and after(45second, 2min, 5min) the onset of the injection of 100mL of nonionic contrast material(2mL/sec). Results : There was no difference in size of nodule and pre-contrast CT number (Hounsfield unit) between benign and malignant nodules. At forty-five second after the onset of the injection, malignant neoplasms($19.6{\pm}7.9$ HU) enhanced significantly more than tuberculomas($4.9{\pm}9.4$ HU, p=0.008). At 2minute and 5 minute after, malignant neoplasms($34.0{\pm}19.2$HU, $34.0{\pm}15.4$HU) enhanced significantly more than tuberculomas ($6.7{\pm}9.7$HU, p=0.007 and $7.7{\pm}11.5$HU, p=0.011). On cut-off value 20HU(contrast enhancement) 2minute after the injection of contrast media, sensitivity was 87% and specificity was 87%. No correlation between the contrast enhancement and size of the nodules was observed. Conclusion : Studies with the use of an intravenously administered noniodinated contrast medium in examining the enhancement properties of lung nodules was performed. The contrast enhancement was useful in differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules.