• 대한한의학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2008

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the effects of acupuncture applied at PC6 and SP4 points on heart rate variability (HRV) in normal subjects under mental stress Methods: 24 healthy male subjects were recruited and randomized to a treatment group (12 subjects) or a control group (12 subjects). Both groups performed a mental arithmetic stress test and then acupuncture needles were inserted on PC6 and SP4 for the study group. In the control group, they took sham acupuncture as a control. Heart rate variability (HRV) was measured during the whole study period by FM-150 (digital Holter ECG recorder). Results: In the both groups, low frequency (LF) power and ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) was significantly increased after mental stress. Acupuncture induced significant decrease in low frequency (LF) power and ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) which were increased after mental stress test. But sham acupuncture induced no changes. Results: In both groups, low frequency (LF) power and ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) significantly increased after mental stress. Acupuncture induced significant decrease in low frequency (LF) power and ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) which increased after mental stress test. In contrast, sham acupuncture induced no changes. Conclusions: Acupuncture on PC6 and SP4 could be useful to decrease sympathetic activity and balance autonomic nervous system for those who are under stress.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제103권4호
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• pp.664-669
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• 2014

본 연구는 도시림에서의 경관감상과 산책이 인체의 생리적 안정에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위해 수행되었다. 실험은 대전광역시에 위치한 한밭수목원에서 실시하였으며, 대조실험은 대전시청 앞에서 실시하였다. 20대 남자 대학생 24명(평균나이 $21.1{\pm}2.5$세)이 피험자로 참여하였고, 피험자를 세 그룹으로 나누어 수목원 내 소나무 숲, 수목원 내 연못, 도시 세 장소에 무작위 배치하였으며, 자리에 앉아 10분간 경관을 감상한 후 15분 동안 산책을 실시하였다. 측정지표로써 HRV, 혈압, 맥박수를 이용하여 생리적 변화를 측정하였다. 그 결과 도심 수목원 내에서 경관감상과 산책을 했을 때 도심과 비교하여 통계적으로 유의한 HF 성분의 증가와 수축기 혈압의 감소를 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 도심 수목원에서의 경관감상 또는 산책과 같은 활동이 도시민의 생리적 안정감을 향상시키는데 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.85-96
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the effects of acupuncture treatment and heart rate variability (HRV) in pre-menopausal obese women. Methods Thirty-seven obese women who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. To estimate the effects of acupuncture, obesity indices, such as body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and the waist-hip ratio (WHR), were measured before and after the treatment. The HRV test was conducted before treatment and analyzed using the frequency domain method. Results The lnLF/HF ratio (natural logarithm of low frequency power/high frequency power ratio of the HRV value) before treatments was negatively correlated with differences in WC, HC, and WHR during treatment. The correlation coefficients between the lnLF/HF ratio and the differences in WC, HC, and WHR were r=-0.459 (p<0.01), r=-0.327 (p<0.05), and r=-0.339 (p<0.05) respectively. Conclusions As the baseline ratio of sympathetic activity to parasympathetic activity decreases, WC, HC, and WHR reduction significantly increased during treatment. Further study is needed to uncover the relationship between obesity-related variables and the autonomic nervous system to predict the effect of acupuncture.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.87-101
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• 2010

Objectives : The aim of this experiment was to investigate the influences of Autonomic Nervous System and EEG by conducting Reinforcement-Reduction(補瀉) acupuncture stimulation to compare the changes in acupoints on the body before and after treatment of acupuncture at Xingjian(LR2) being referred as Fire-point(火穴) and Ququan(LR8) being referred as Water-point(水穴) of Yin Liver Meridian(足厥陰肝經). Methods : This study was carried out on 30 healthy female volunteers in their 20's. There were four tests conducted throughout and the period for each test was between 2 to 5days. HRV and EEG were measured for 5 minutes before acupuncture stimulation was conducted on LR2-Reinforcement, LR2-Reduction, LR8-Reinforcement and LR8-Reduction at random. During the 20 minutes of acupuncture treatment, same subjects were measured simultaneously to observe any significant changes in acupoints. Again, the same subjects were measured for 5 minutes after removing the acupuncture in order to perform a comparative analysis. Results : The measurement of HRV showed that LF, LFnorm and LF/HF ratio increased significantly(p<0.05) while HF, HF norm decreased significantly in case of LR2-Reinforcement & LR8-Reduction. Both LR2-Reduction and LR8-Reinforcement induced a significant increase in HFnorm. EEG measurement indicated low $\alpha$ wave decreased and high $\beta$ wave increased significantly at LR2-Reinforcement during post-acupuncture period compared with acupuncture stimulation period. Both LR2-Reduction and LR8-Reinforcement developed significantly low $\alpha$ wave and high $\alpha$ wave. High $\beta$ wave increased significantly at LR8-Reduction during the acupuncture stimulation in comparison with pre-acupuncture period. Conclusions : The manipulation of acupuncture stimulation at LR2-Reinforcement and LR8-Reduction enhanced the activity of sympathetic nerves and the state of arousal while that of para sympathetic nerves declined. On the other hand, LR2-Reduction and LR8-Reinforcement developed the levels of para sympathetic nerves and relaxation.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1383-1402
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• 2017

본 연구는 버가못, 라벤더, 자스민을 혼합한 향유를 사용한 향 흡입법 중재프로그램이 슬관절 전치환술 여성노인 환자의 수동적 관절운동 시 통증, 불안 및 심박변이도에 미치는 효과를 검정하기 위해 동등성 대조군 사전 사후 설계를 이용한 순수 실험연구설계를 사용하였다. 연구 대상자는 D 광역시에 소재 일 관절전문병원에서 슬관절 전치환술을 받고 수동적 관절운동을 처음 시작하는 여성노인 환자 총 53명 (실험군 26명, 대조군 27명) 이었다. 실험군에게는 수동적 관절운동 시 버가못, 라벤더, 자스민을 혼합한 향유를 4*2 inch 거즈에 3방울을 떨어뜨려 향 흡입법을 적용하였으며, 대조군은 향유 대신 증류수를 적용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/Win 22.0 프로그램을 이용하여 통계분석 하였다. 연구 결과 향 흡입법 중재프로그램은 슬관절 전치환술 여성노인환자의 수동적 관절운동 시 통증완화와 불안을 경감시키는 데 안전하고 효과적인 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 슬관절 전치환술 환자의 통증과 불안을 완화시키는 독자적 간호중재로 간호 실무에 확대 적용할 것을 제언한다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제101권4호
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• pp.677-685
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 숲 환경을 이용한 주요우울장애의 정신사회적 치료 프로그램을 개발하여, 그 효과를 대조군 비교 연구를 통해 확인하는 것이다. 정신과 전문의에 의해 주요우울장애로 진단 받고 현재 정신과 외래에서 항우울제 약물치료 중인 사람들이 연구에 참여하였다. 이들은 각각 네 집단으로 나뉘어 세 집단은 각각 산림에서 시행한 치유 프로그램, 병원에서 시행한 치유 프로그램, 단순 산림욕에 참여하였고, 나머지 한 집단은 프로그램을 시행하지 않고 일반 진료만 받은 대조군이었다. 이들은 모두 프로그램 전후의 우울증상 변화, 생리적 지표 변화를 관찰하기 위해 Hamilton Rating Scales for Depression(HRSD), Montgomery-Asberg Depressin Rating Scales(MADRS), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire(SF-36), Heart Rate Variability(HRV)검사를 받았다. 연구 결과, 산림치유 프로그램 집단의 HRSD 점수가 대조군에 비해 유의하게 감소하였고, MADRS 점수는 산림치유 프로그램 집단, 병원 프로그램 집단이 대조군에 비해서 유의미한 호전을 보였다. HRSD 7점 이하로 정의되는 관해율은 산림치유 프로그램 집단이 가장 높았다. 또한 SF-36결과, 산림치유 프로그램 집단에서만 건강 상태와 관련된 삶의 질 수준이 유의미하게 증가하였고, Heart Rate Variability(HRV)에서도 생리적 이완감을 나타내는 HF가 유의하게 높아지는 결과를 보였다. 이 결과를 통하여 산림환경을 이용한 심리치료 프로그램을 외래 치료 중인 우울증 환자에게 적용했을 때 우울증 증상 개선에 도움이 됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 통계적으로 유의하진 않지만, 우울증상 감소와 관해율에 있어서 산림치유 프로그램 집단, 병원 프로그램 집단, 산림욕 집단, 대조군 순으로 좋은 결과를 보였다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.525-532
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• 2010

Dypepsia is the most common gastrointestinal disease and mainly occurs by stress or food. According to the cause of dyspepsia, the clinical characteristics and the curative process are different in patients. The purpose of this study is to compare acute dyspepsia patients depending on food factor and stress factor. For this study, we analyzed the cause, and the symptoms of 59 acute dyspepsia patients and divided them into two groups: one group is 27 acute dyspepsia patient group caused by stress factor (stress factor group). The other group is 32 acute dyspepsia patient group caused by food factor (food factor group). In addition, we carried out HRV test and compared HRV index between two groups. There was no significant difference in past illness involved in gastrointestinal tract diseases between two groups. There were big differences in the frequency of chest discomfort, thurst, lack of appetite, and exhaustion after meals between two groups. There were many changes of tongue fur in food factor group. But there were many changes of tongue body in stress factor group. The pulse pattern is mostly wiry in stress factor group. But, The pulse pattern is mostly slippery in food factor group. HF, TP were significantly lower than food factor group in stress factor group, it means autonomic nerve system was more suppressd in stress factor group than food factor group. Food factor group improved sooner than stress factor group. This study presented the clinically different characteristics (past medical history, symptoms, tongue diagnosis, pulse pattern, curative process) of acute dyspepsia depending on food factor and stress factor. Thus, it provides the necessity of oriental medical diagnosis and treatment called pattern identification for acute dyspepsia.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.587-596
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• 2018

전 세계적으로 담배흡연자의 심혈관 위험 감소와 금연을 위한 대안으로 전자담배 이용이 급속하게 확산되고 있지만 니코틴을 포함한 잠재적 유해화합물을 함유한 전자담배의 심혈관 효과는 불분명하다. 본 연구는 전자담배 사용에 따른 심장자율신경조절 변화를 관찰하고 급성적인 교감신경흥분효과 및 부교감신경활동 저하 반응을 궐련담배 흡연과 직접 비교하려는 목적으로 수행되었다. 41명의 젊고 건강한 흡연남성들을 대상으로 자료 분석을 수행하였으며, 무작위 교차 설계에 의해 1주의 wash-out period를 적용하여 전자담배와 궐련담배 세션이 각각 실시되었다. 전자담배는 흡연 시를 포함한 흡연 후 5분까지, 궐련담배의 경우 흡연 시 및 흡연 후 최대 30분까지 교감신경활성화 및 부교감신경 감소가 관찰되었다. 두 제품 간 비교에서, 흡연 시를 포함한 흡연 후 30분 동안의 HRV 분석에서 전자담배는 궐련담배에 비해 비교적 교감신경흥분효과 및 부교감신경저하에서 적은 변화수준 및 단시간 변화를 제공하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과들은 비록 전자담배가 궐련담배에 비해 심장자율신경조절에서 상대적으로 완화된 효과를 제공한다고 할지라도 전자담배 내 니코틴 및 잠재적 위험요인들을 고려해 볼 때 급성적인 교감신경흥분작용 및 부교감신경의 저하를 야기함으로 과도한 사용에 주의가 요구된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 1996

This study was aimed to elucidate the changes in heart rate variability during treadmill exercise at various speeds and grades by spectral analysis. Thirty-three untrained male college students aged $20{\sim}26\;yr $were employed to exercise on a treadmill using 4 speeds (4.02, 5.47, 6.76 and 8.05 km/h) and 6 grades (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20%). A fixed speed was selected for each session with the grade increased every 3 min. The electrocardiogram, respiration and the stepping activity were continuously recorded through an A/D converter system on the computer disk. Power spectra of heart rate variability (RRV) were obtained by use of a fast Fourier transform algorithm. The frequency domain was divided into 3 bands: $VLF\;(0{\sim}0.04\;Hz),\;LF\;(0.04 {\sim}0.15\;Hz)\;and\;HF\;(0.15{\sim}1.00\;Hz).$ Heart rate was $74.4{\pm}2.1\;beats/min$ at rest and showed a steady increase during treadmill exercise with increasing speed and grade up to $196.7{\pm}5.0\;beats/min.$ Total power of HRV was $35.0{\pm}6.7\;(beats/min)^{2}$ at rest and progressively decreased during exercise down to $1.9{\pm}0.3\;(beats/min)^{2}.$ The %VLF power of HRV was $34.5{\pm}3.7\; %$ at rest and showed no significant change during exercise except for a decrease observed at the highest intensity of exercise. The %LF power was $44.1{\pm}3.0\;%$ at rest and showed a progressive decrease down to $4.5{\pm}1.0\;%$ during those stages of exercise where heart rate was over 135 beats/min. The %HF power was $21.4{\pm}2.9\;%$ at rest and showed a progressive increase up to $87.1{\pm}6.7\;%$ during higher intensity exercise where heart rate was over 165 beats/min. Peak frequency of HF band was $0.200{\pm}0.018\;Hz$ at rest and was shifted to higher frequencies up to $0.909{\pm}0.048\;Hz$ at heart rates greater than 135 beats/min. Respiratory frequency was $18.0{\pm}1.5$ breaths/min at rest and significantly increased during exercise up to $53.0{\pm}3.7$ breaths/min. Stride frequency during treadmill exercise showed an increasing tendency with increasing speed from $55.6{\pm}0.9$ steps/min at 4.02 km/h to $81.2{\pm}0.6$ at 8.05 km/h. It was concluded that total power of HRV decreased progressively with increasing exercise intensity due to the withdrawal of parasympathetic activity. At higher exercise intensity, % LF power decreased and %HF power increased with its peak frequency shifted to higher values in a progressive mode with increasing speed and grade, reflecting a readjustment in the cardiovascular system and the increased respiration and its rate, respectively.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.261-271
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• 2019

본 연구는 아로마의 흡입법을 적용한 아로마테라피가 자율신경계에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 진행되었다. 연구 대상자는 모집공고에 의해 만 20세 이상~만 59세 이하의 남,여 64명을 대상으로 하였고, 실험군 32명, 대조군 32명을 무작위배정하였다. 실험군에게는 6가지 아로마블렌딩오일(Lavender, Bergamot, Mandarin, Lemon, Cedarwood, Roman Chamomile)을 적용하였으며, 대조군에게는 조조바오일을 적용하여 흡입법을 실시하였다. 실험처치 전과 30분 후에 PPG측정을 위하여 유비오 맥파측정기(uBioClip v70)를 이용해, 실험군과 대조군의 HRV(TP, VLF, LF, HF, LF/HF)를 비교 분석하였다. 통계분석은 측정치의 사전점수를 통제한 공변량분석(ANCOVA)을 사용하였으며, 연구결과 분석된 5개 항목 중 3개 항목인 TP(p<.05), LF(p<.05), HF(p<.01)에서 실험군과 대조군 간 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 즉, 아로마테라피가 TP를 향상시켜 자율신경계의 전체 활성도를 증가시키고, 교감과 부교감신경의 활성도를 높여 적당한 긴장과 이완을 통한 심장활동의 촉진에 도움을 주는 것을 알 수 있다. 일상생활에서 아로마테라피를 꾸준히 활용한다면 자율신경계 반응에 긍정적인 영향을 줌으로써, 건강한 생활을 영위할 수 있게 해줄 것이다.