• 농약과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2000

이 연구는 뇨시료 중에서 검출될 수 있는 9종의 농약에 대하여 HP-1 capillary column(25 m ${\times}$ 0.2 mm I.D., $0.33{\mu}m$ film thickness)을 사용하여 GC/MS/SIM방법으로 동시에 분리 정량할 수 있는 분석방법을 확립하였다. 9종의 농약에 대한 뇨시료로 부터의 추출은 pH 7.0에서 diethyl ether를 사용한 LLE 방법으로 대체로 높은 회수율과 10%이하의 상대표준편차를 나타내었다. SIM 방법으로 얻은 농약의 표준검정곡선은 농도범위 $4.0{\sim}1,000$ ppb에서 직선성이 양호하였고 정량한계는 $0.4{\sim}2.0$ ppb를 나타내었다. 실제로 농약을 살포한 다음 24시간 동안 배설된 뇨시료 중에서 각 농약 물질에 대한 parent form은 모두 검출되지 않았으며, phenthoate를 포함하는 농약을 살포한 후 채취된 뇨시료에서 대사체로 예상되는 ${\alpha}$-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid를 확인하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.218-224
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• 2018

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of different levels of protein concentrate supplementation on the growth performance of yak calves, and correlated the growth rate to changes occurring in the plasma- amino acids, -insulin profile, and signaling activity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) cascade to characterize the mechanism through which the protein synthesis can be improved in early weaned yaks. Methods: For this study, 48 early (3 months old) weaned yak calves were selected, and assigned into four dietary treatments according to randomized complete block design. The four blocks were balanced for body weight and sex. The yaks were either grazed on natural pasture (control diet) in a single herd or the grazing yaks was supplemented with one of the three protein rich supplements containing low (17%; LP), medium (19%; MP), or high (21%; HP) levels of crude proteins for a period of 30 days. Results: Results showed that the average daily gain of calves increased (0.14 vs 0.23-0.26 kg; p<0.05) with protein concentrates supplementation. The concentration of plasma methionine increased (p<0.05; 8.6 vs $10.1-12.4{\mu}mol/L$), while those of serine and tyrosine did not change (p>0.05) when the grazing calves were supplemented with protein concentrates. Compared to control diet, the insulin level of calves increased (p<0.05; 1.86 vs $2.16-2.54{\mu}IU/mL$) with supplementation of protein concentrates. Addition of protein concentrates up-regulated (p<0.05) expression of mTOR-raptor, mammalian vacuolar protein sorting 34 homolog, the translational regulators eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1, and S6 kinase 1 genes in both Longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus. In contrast, the expression of sequestosome 1 was down-regulated in the concentrate supplemented calves. Conclusion: Our results show that protein supplementation improves the growth performance of early weaned yak calves, and that plasma methionine and insulin concentrations were the key mediator for gene expression and protein deposition in the muscles.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.46-50
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• 2000

본 연구는 갱년기 장애에 대한 홍삼의 효과를 조사할 목적으로 수행하였다. 홍삼의 효과는 자성 흰쥐의 난소를 인위적으로 절제하여 갱년기 장애를 유도한 후 홍삼조사포닌을 3 개월동안 복강으로 투여하여 그 효과를 살펴보았다. 혈소판수는 난소절제 유무에 관계없이 사포닌 투여군에서 약간 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 난소절제군의 혈중중성지질함량은 99.9 mg/㎗로서 정상대조군의 152.1 mg/㎗에 비해 현저히 감소하나 (34%) 홍삼조사포닌을 투여하면 그 함량이 138.0 mg/㎗으로 그 함량감소를 다소 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 장기무게는 난소절제군/비절제군, 사포닌투여군/비투여군 간에 큰 차이가 관찰되지 않았으나 비장(spleen)의경우 사포닌 투여군에서 유의적인 무게증가가 관찰되었다. 흰쥐에 있어 대퇴골의 무게는 건조 전·후 각각 1.57 및 1.l0g이었고 난소절제군의 경우 1.40및 1.02g으로 난소절제에 의해 약 8∼1l%의 무게감소가 관찰되었다. 난소를 절제하고 사포닌을 투여한 실험군(OS)의 대퇴골 무게는 건조 전·후 각각 1.63및 1.11g으로 모두 정상대조군과 동등한 수준으로 회복되어 홍삼조사포닌 투여는 난소절제로 야기되는 대퇴골의 무게감소를 유의하게 억제하는 것으로 사료된다(p<0.05, p<0.01).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권17호
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• pp.7433-7436
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• 2014

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the second cause of cancer related death in the world. It may develop by progression from its precancerous condition, called gastric atrophy (GA) due to gastritis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of serum levels of pepsinogens (Pg) and gastrin-17 (G17) as non-invasive methods to discriminate GA or GC (GA/GC) patients. Materials and Methods: Subjects referred to gastrointestinal clinics of Golestan province of Iran during 2010 and 2011 were invited to participate. Serum levels of PgI, PgII and G17 were measured using a GastroPanel kit. Based on the pathological examination of endoscopic biopsy samples, subjects were classified into four groups: normal, non-atrophic gastritis, GA, and GC. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to determine cut-off values. Indices of validity were calculated for serum markers. Results: Study groups were normal individuals (n=74), non-atrophic gastritis (n=90), GA (n=31) and GC patients (n=30). The best cut-off points for PgI, PgI/II ratio, G17 and HP were $80{\mu}g/L$, 10, 6 pmol/L, and 20 EIU, respectively. PgI could differentiate GA/GC with high accuracy (AUC=0.83; 95%CI: 0.76-0.89). The accuracy of a combination of PgI and PgI/II ratio for detecting GA/GC was also relatively high (AUC=0.78; 95%CI: 0.70-0.86). Conclusions: Our findings suggested PgI alone as well as a combination of PgI and PgI/II ratio are valid markers to differentiate GA/GC. Therefore, Pgs may be considered in conducting GC screening programs in high-risk areas.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.347-360
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• 2020

In this study, the Bayesian state-space model was used for the stock assessment of the Blackfin flounder. In addition, effective measures for the resource management were presentedwith the analysis on the effectiveness of fisheries management plans. According to the result of the analysis using the Bayesian state-space model, the main biometric value of Blackfin flounder was analyzed as 1,985 tons for maximum sustainable yield (MSY), 23,930 tons for carrying capacity (K), 0.000007765 for catchability coefficient (q) and 0.31 for intrinsic growth (r). Also the evaluation on the biological effect of TAC was done. The result showed that the Blackfin flounder biomass will be kept at 14,637 tons 20 years later given the present TAC volume of 1,761 tons. If the Blackfin flounder TAC volume is set to 1,600 tons, the amount of biomass will increase to 16,252 tons in the future. Lastly, the biological effectiveness of the policy to reduce fishing effort was assessed. The result showed that the Blackfin flounder biomass will be maintained at 13,776 tons if the current fishing efforts (currently hp) level is set and maintained. If the fishing effort is reduced by 20%, it will increase to 17,091 tons in the future. The analysis on the economic effect of TAC showed that NPV will be the lowest at 1,486,410 won in 2038, 20 years after the establishment of 2,500 tons of TAC volume. If the TAC volume is set at 2,000 tons, NPV was estimated to be the highest at 2,206,522,000 won. In addition, the analysis on the economic effect of the policy to reduce the amount of fishing effort found that NPV will be 2,235,592,000 won in 2038, 20 years after maintaining the current level of fishing effort. If the fishing effort is increased by 10%, NPV will be the highest at 2,257,575 won even thoughthe amount of biomass will be reduced.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.1068-1075
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• 2000

A study involving nutrient balances and radioisotope labeling techniques was undertaken to study energy and protein metabolism, and glucose kinetics of female crossbred Etawah goats, using 12 weaned (BW $14.0{\pm}2.0kg$), 12 late pregnant (BW $27.8{\pm}1.8kg$) and 12 first lactation does (BW $25.0{\pm}5.0kg$). Each class of animal was randomly allotted into 3 dietary treatment groups R1, R2 and R3, that received 100%, 85%, and 70% of ad libitum feed. The rations offered were pellets containing 21.8% CP and 19.3 MJ GE/kg, except for the lactating does who received pellets (17.2% CP and 18.9 MJ GE/kg) and fresh Penisetum purpureum grass. Energy and nitrogen balance studies were conducted during a two-week trial. Daily heat production (HP, estimated by the carbon dioxide entry rate technique), glucose pool and flux were measured. Equations were found for metabolizable energy (ME) and protein intake (IP) requirements for growing goats: ME (MJ/d)=1.87+0.55 RE-0.001 ADG+0.044 RP $(R^2=0.89)$ and IP (g/d)=48.47+2.99 RE+0.029 ADG+0.79 RP $(R^2=0.90)$; for pregnant does: ME (MJ/d)=5.92+0.96 RE-0.002 ADG+0.003 RP $(R^2=0.99)$ and IP (g/d)=58.34+5.41 RE+0.625 ADG-0.30 RP $(R^2=0.98)$; and for lactating does: ME (MJ/d)=4.23+0.713 RE+0.003 ADG+0.006 RP+0.002 MY $(R^2=0.86)$; IP (g/d)=84.05-5.36 RE+0.055 ADG-0.16 RP+0.068 MY $(R^2=0.45)$, where RE is retained energy (MJ/d), ADG is average daily gain in weight (g/d), RP is retained protein (g/d) and MY is milk yield (ml/d). ME and IP requirements for maintenance for growing goats were 0.46 MJ/d.kg $BW^{0.75}$ and 7.43 g/d.kg $BW^{0.75}$, respectively. Values for the pregnant and lactating does were in the same order, 0.55 MJ/d.kg $BW^{0.75}$ and 11.7 g/d.kg $BW^{0.75}$, and 0.50 MJ/d.kg $BW^{0.75}$ and 10.8 g/d.kg $BW^{0.75}$, respectively. Milk protein ranged from 3.06 to 3.5% and milk fat averaged 5.2%. Glucose metabolism in Etawah crossbred female goat is active, but glucose flux is low compared to temperate ruminant breeds which may implicate its role to support production.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.301-307
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• 2005

조사후 핵연료 가열(PIA장비)를 이용한 고연소도 UO2 사용후 핵연료의 산화 및 가열후 미세조직의 변화를 관찰하였다. 울진 2호기에서 한국원자력연구소 조사후시험시설로 이송된 국산 경수로용 고연소도 사용후 핵연료는 봉평균 연소도가 57,000 MWd/tU-rod avg.이였다. 본 시험에 사용된 시편은 국부연소도 65,000 MWd/tU UO2 소결체의 고형체 200 mg을 사용하였다. 본 시편을 사용후 핵 연료 가열(PIA) 시험장비를 이용하여 핫셀 내에서 3시간의 산화시험과 연속적으로 $1,400^{\circ}C$ 까지 가열하였다. 결정립경계까지의 산화를 위하여 $500^{\circ}C$에서 헬륨 50 ml, 표준공기 100 ml를 흔합한 산화분위기로 3시간을 유지하였다. 핵분열기체 방출거동을 알기위해 시험 전과정중에 85Kr의 방출량을 베타 측정기와 감마 측정기를 이용하여 실시간으로 측정 하였다. 가열시험이 종료된 후 전자주사현미경을 이용하여 미세구조의 변화를 관찰하였다. 시험결과 가열하는 동안 핵분열생성물은 UO2기지의 결정립경계와 표면으로 이동된 것을 관찰하였다. 이 시편은 환원과정을 통하여 재구조화 되었고, $5\~10\;{\mu}m$ 정도의 결정립크기를 가진 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.132-140
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• 2006

일월산 산림식생의 종구성적 특성을 파악하기 위하여 조사구 68개소$(10m{\sim}10m)$ 설정하여 식생유형과 그에 대한 특성(현존식물상, 상재도급과 생활형분포율, 종다양도, 층위별 중요치)을 분석하였다. 식생유형은 산악건조 지식생형과 비옥적윤한 산록과 계곡부식생형으로 대별되었으며, 전자는 3개 군락(진달래군락, 굴참나무군락, 일월비비추군락), 2개 군(잣나무군, 진달래전형군), 후자는 3군락(피나무군락, 머루군락, 고광나무군락), 깨 군(당단풍군, 참반디군)으로 구분되어 총 8개 식생단위로 나타났다. 관찰된 총 252종에서 국화과가 26종, 백합과 19종, 미나리아재비과 15종, 장미과 14종 등의 순으로 높게 나타났고, 상재도급별 분포경향에서 신갈나무(IV), 대사초(III), 물푸레나무(III)가 고중상재도종으로 나타났다. 생활형 분포율은 교목성이 18.5%, 소교목성 5.7%, 관목성 14.9%, 만목성 6.6%, 화본과류 8.8%, 광역초본 42.4%, 양치식물 3.1%로 나타났으며, 종다양도는 PH유형이 $1.70{\pm}.50{\sim}1.97{\pm}0.57$로 $1.40{\pm}0.18{\sim}1.62{\pm}0.20$인 AM유형 보다 높은 값을 나타내었다. 교목층에서는 소나무, 신갈나무, 굴참나무 등의 중요치 값이 높게 나타났으며, 아교목층은 신갈나무, 관목층은 쇠물푸레, 조록싸리, 철쭉꽃, 생강나무, 진달래, 초본층은 대사초, 산거울, 큰기름새의 영향력이 높게 나타났다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1583-1590
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• 2006

T4 endonuclease V (T4 endo V) [EC 3. 1. 25. 1], found in bacteriophage T4, is responsible for excision repair of damaged DNA. The enzyme possesses two activities: a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer DNA glycosylase (CPD glycosylase) and an apyrimidic/apurinic endonuclease (AP lyase). T4 denV (414 bp cDNA) encoding T4 en do V (138 amino acid) was synthesized and expressed using either an expression vector, pTriEx-4, in E. coli or a baculovirus AcNPV vector, pBacPAK8, in insect cells. The recombinant His-Tag/T4 endo V (rHis-Tag/T4 endo V) protein expressed from bacteria was purified using one-step affinity chromatography with a HiTrap Chelating HP column and used to make rabbit anti-His-Tag/T4 endo V polyclonal antibody for detection of recombinant T4 endo V (rT4 endo V) expressed in insect cells. In the meantime, the recombinant baculovirus was obtained by cotransfection of BacPAK6 viral DNA and pBP/T4 endo V in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf21) insect cells, and used to infect Sf21 cells to overexpress T4 endo V protein. The level of rT4 endo V protein expressed in Sf21 cells was optimized by varying the virus titers and time course of infection. The optimal expression condition was set as follows; infection of the cells at a MOI of 10 and harvest at 96 h post-infection. Under these conditions, we estimated the amount of rT4 endo V produced in the baculovirus expression vector system to be 125 mg/l. The rT4 endo V was purified to homogeneity by a rapid procedure, consisting of ion-exchange, affinity, and reversed phase chromatographies, based on FPLC. The rT4 endo V positively reacted to an antiserum made against rHis-Tag/T4 endo V and showed a residual nicking activity against CPD-containing DNA caused by UV. This is the first report to have T4 endo V expressed in an insect system to exclude the toxic effect of a bacterial expression system, retaining enzymatic activity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.1343-1349
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• 2012

Most of the Helicobacter pylori strains containing the cag pathogenicity island (PAI) have been associated with more severe gastric disease in infected humans. The cag PAI is composed of 27 proteins, and some of the components are required for CagA translocation into host cells as well as induction of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-8 (IL-8); however, the exact function of most of the components remains unknown or poorly characterized. In this study, we demonstrated that CagT (HP0532), which is an essential structural component of the cag PAI apparatus, plays an important role in the translocation of CagA into host epithelial cells. In addition to being located on the bacterial surface, CagT is also partially localized in the inner membrane, where it acts as a chaperone-like protein and promotes CagA translocation. However, CagT secretion was not detected by immunoprecipitation analysis of cell culture supernatants. Meanwhile, CagT was related to the introduction of IL-8 of the host cell. These results suggest that CagT is expressed on both the inner and outer bacterial membranes, where it serves as a unique type IV secretion system component that is involved in CagA secretion and cag PAI apparatus assembly.