• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.82-99
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to establish work classification system of landscape construction in order to offer the basis of new estimation system of public landscape construction. New estimation system is based on historical construction data. For application of this system, the standard work classification system is necessary. Because extensive cost data should be accumulated under an unified construction work classification system. In the study of new estimation system carried by KICT(Korea Institute of Construction Technology), landscaping works belong to earth work of civil engineering. It looks very unreasonable work classification, because landscape archtecture has its own specialties and professional domain. In this study, information classification systems in the construction industry and various landscaping works of housing developments are analysed. As a result. a standard work classification system of housing landscape construction is proposed in section VI-3. This standard work classification structure consists of three levels divisions (i.e large work division, middle work division, small work division) . Now in this study, housing landscape construction works are divided into four large works and twenty six middle works. According to work attributes, middle and small work division is possible to subdivide into details.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.63-64
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• 2011

Recently, due to global warming, CO₂ emissions is one of the global issues over all areas including construction industry. In Korea, apartment housing has large ratio of building construction and its CO₂ emissions during the operation and maintenance has the most large amount of tatal life cycle of apartment housing. However, there are rare research related to this subject. So, this study investigates the CO₂ emissions of domestic apartment housing during the operation and maintenance. In the future, the results of this study can be utilized in further study to decrease CO₂ emissions strategy.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to make clear considerations in the planning of community housing and the roles of coordinators. Seongmisan village, a representative urban community village in Seoul, was selected for this study on problem solving between residents and opinion coordination between residents and coordinators. For this qualitative research, 2 residents and 2 coordinators answered 'open questionnaires' on prior basic planning, land purchase, financing, architectural planning, construction and inspection, and actual living conditions thereafter. They were each interviewed for 2 hours at a time that was 14-16 months after the residents started living in the new houses, and the records were transcribed. The following was the result. 1) The residents, who ruled the steps of prior basic planning and land purchase, did not have sufficient information or knowledge of the construction of community housing, so that they faced difficulties especially in the legal and financial aspects. 2) The coordinators participated in the project at the steps of architectural planning and construction. The residents accepted the coordinators' opinions on the choice of floor and position, and the coordinators listened to the residents' opinions on individual plans and finishing materials. In the construction step, however, there was conflict between them, and dissatisfaction occurred on the completion time and construction cost. For the successful construction of community housing, a professional coordination company needs to join the project to establish a system of opinion coordinating from the step of prior basic planning to the step of afterconstruction management.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.178-187
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• 2007

As the government has enforced recently the policies on the distribution of the housing, the construction cost of multi-family housing projects has increasingly become very sensitive and political issue. However, it is difficult to predict the construction cost in planning and design phase of the project because the Bill of Quantity of the multi-family housing projects was composed of breakdown structure based on each work package. To predict the construction cost in planning and design phase for multi-family housing projects in more effective and reasonable way, this study developed the cost breakdown structure based on spaces using Delphi method. The Cost Breakdown Structure (CBS) based on spaces for multi-family housing projects basically consists of three parts: (i) Building part; (ii) Non-building part; and (iii) Additional part. The characteristics of spaces in multi-family housing projects are fully taken into consideration. Then these three parts were subdivided into work packages in terms of work tasks. Additionally, the usefulness and effectiveness of Space CBS in this paper were validated by analyzing the BOQs of several collected sample projects and matching with Space CBS afterwards.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.45-52
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• 2019

In recent years, there has been a demand for a residential supply model that can actively and flexibly cope with various housing demands in the changing paradigm of public rental housing. This study focuses on the two-step supply system that has been studied in Japan. It was used to examine and analyze cases to recommend a supply plan that can be used for domestic public rental housing. In more detail, the literature review of the two-step supply system discloses that four types by supply methods (A-1, A-2, B-2, and C-2) and four types of relationship (construction and management combine entities type, management entity type, construction entity type, a separated entity type) can be categorized. In addition, from the actual case study, it revealed that the way of linking and supplying activities among the entity can have a great influence on "ease of supply (supply)", "diversity of housing demand (diversity)," and "quality of construction (construction)". "Ease of supply (supply)" refers to whether the construction entity is separated, and the owner is a manager. "Diversity" refers to whether the management subject is separated, and if the owner is also the constructor or the manager. "Construction" is whether the management entity is connected and managed by the management entity and can be evaluated in "Good", "Middle", and "Bad" level. As a summary, even if the existing public rental housing in Korea can be separated into a skeleton and infill system, the result suggested that it has a limitation on response to residential demand. In addition, the paper was able to propose an improved plan to make the infill as a secondary operator.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.415-427
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• 2011

This study is aiming at estimating the demolition cost of deterioration housing by the rational method in order to provide for the demolition and new build project of the rental multi-family housing of LH. We investigated the actual state of demolition construction and work process of small size housing, and analysed an actual condition of estimation for the demolition cost through an advice by the expert of construction cost estimate. Furthermore, the 'estimation standard for the predetermined amount', 'estimation standard for the disposal cost of construction wastes' and precedent studies in public construction work were considered. As one of results in this study, cost accounting system, breakdown system and construction cost for the demolition work based on the standard of estimate were proposed and the predetermined amount of demolition construction for the multi-family housing with 2 or 3 floors could be produced by them. Eventually, It is estimated that the demolition cost per a multi-family housing is about 18,331,000(won) and 104,000(won) per floorage($m^2$). To the details, the result indicated that the direct demolition cost needs about 14,339,000(won) per a multi-family housing and the consignment disposal cost of wastes needs 3,992,000(won) per one. The results of the study will be used as the fundamental data to estimate the project cost in the phase of budget establishment for demolition and new build project of the deteriorated rental multi-family housings, and also cost accounting system of demolition construction and breakdown system are expect to be used effectively at the ordering of public construction work.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.103-113
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• 2015

Modular construction is a process in which a building is produced off-site in module boxes using standard materials. Since the introduction of prefabrication in building construction, Modular Coordination (MC) has become an essential design tool in building design and construction. However, in Korea, the design standardization has not been adequately applied to modular construction. This study intends to analyze the current status of modular construction in Korea and explore the applicability of MC design in the construction industry. The analysis of the current status of MC design within Korean four major modular construction companies indicates that an incremental dimension is not properly used in horizontal planning modules, which results in a problem of increasing construction cost by high material loss rate. But, in vertical planning modules, a incremental dimension of 100 mm (1 M) is found to be used although the structural system varies among manufacturers, which demonstrates the potential for an open system to be well applied in modular construction, despite different structural systems.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.43-48
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• 2011

In many parts of the world, low cost housing used to be built and maintained by the governments, based on designs and detail specifications prepared by the public sector with construction carried out by contractors. Results vary due to differences in design standards, workmanship and property management, depending also on the neighbourhood's care of the estates and their pattern of usage. In the UK, where Private Finance Initiative (PFI) has been used for infrastructure projects, there have been successful cases of city estate being transformed by PFI. These PFI housing schemes involve new-build, refurbishment as well as facility management. Unlike traditional construction, which is based on prescriptive specifications, PFI housing is based on output specifications. A study has been undertaken to compare the two specification approaches as they are applied to housing estate. Results are enlightening and serve as good reference to cities such as Hong Kong SAR and Singapore, where public housing provisions have been a major concern of their citizens as the building stock gets older.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.89-96
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• 2015

This project was conducted as part of the Building America program that proposed the overall mission to achieve 30-50% reduction in existing building energy use. The purposes of this project were to analyze architectural styles and features named as archetypes of existing homes within the Great Lakes regions that include Michigan and identify the dominant type that would offer significant potential for energy-efficient retrofit. Housing archetypes were analyzed according to vintage, style, and construction characteristics in two target cities within the region. The findings from an intensive case study targeting the City of Ann Arbor established a fundamental framework for characterizing local housing archetypes and determined the dominant housing archetype that needed energy-efficient retrofit. An extended case study then conducted in Grand Rapids additionally refined this framework for the future application. This paper explained the process and data collection method to develop the framework that can be utilized by other researchers to determine the target housing types for energy-retrofit research.

• Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.50-54
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• 2015