• Journal of architectural history
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• v.13 no.4 s.40
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• pp.125-138
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• 2004

Open-rectangular plan Hanok is one of the major types that compose the urban tissues of Bukchon, a typical traditional residential area in Seoul. Through the comparison of the cadastral map of 1912 and the aerial photograph of 1962, the paper has given the outline of the and the distribution of Open-rectangular plan Hanok at Bukchon. And the paper defines the characteristics of Open-rectangular plan Hanok at Bukchon as followings. First, Open-rectangular plan Hanok at Bukchon is the mutated type of Open-rectangular plan Hanok in Kyong-gi Province. Second, the composition and characteristics of Bakat-chae and outer-courtyard have been changed through the adaptation itself to the compact lots of urban neighborhood. Third, the composition and characteristics of An-chae has not been changed except the inner corner bay, that gives the lights and view to An-bang through the window. And the comparison and observation of four examples, the paper defines the identities of Open-rectangular plan Hanok at Bukchon. The partial transformation comes from the conflicts and adjustments with the structure of alley and the topographical condition of lots.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.169-179
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• 2010

Since modernization period thru Japanese colonial era the modern architect began to play a important role for Korean housing architecture. So called 'House as an Art Work', detached houses by prominent architects, belong to a meaningful sector in Korean modern housing architecture. The harmony with tradition was always big issue for such works. This study aims to understand how paradigms for tradition were interpreted with the changes of the time. The analysis showed various tryout by architects, that concretize traditional characteristics in their work. For example, traditional lifestyle were clearly reflected in the floorplan during 30's and 40's. In the 70's building mass and formative roof design were emphasized to present traditional image. As well as it represented primitive esthetic and vernacular decoration. In addition, expressive tendency, that demonstrates korean sentiment through material and its texture, got a preference. Since latter half of 80's some traditional architectural elements were modernized and space characteristics were newly created from acculturation. Furthermore the philosophy of "Subdivision of building wings and Emptiness" follows this trend. This type made a courtyard and connected articulated building masses each other. "Sympathy with Nature" were most essential for a traditional houses in contrast with western architecture. Many architects today make various method to bring nature into interior space and to contemplate nature In the house. Such kinds of adaptation to tradition could be understood as a unique process to manifest identity of Korean modern houses.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.23-41
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to explore social supports for elderly housing and their residential lives in small cities along rural counties of the United States and Canada, and suggest future implications for age-concentrated rural villages in Korea. In this study, five small and medium cities in non-metropolitan counties of California and Ontario province were visited and elderly residents and service experts were interviewed about their perceptions of community integrated social support networks for senior residences. The senior housing complexes were built due to influx of both metropolitan and rural residents seeking warm localities, traffic connections, business purposes in active production areas. and leisure attractions. There are five main social support networks for senior housing issues in these areas. First, the areas are claimed for senior zones and accordingly health industries are encouraged by local authorities. Second, the community is homogeneously constructed as a senior friendly environment and include features such as an RV park and mobile cottages. Third, senior-helping seniors are offered active work through golf-cluster active retirement communities. Fourth, traditional theme production camps are mobilized by the elderly workers. Lastly, an information system is maintained for screening volunteers and for senior abuse prevention. On the other hand, residential lives are occasionally negatively influenced by unbalanced concentrations of elderly facilities such as nursing stations and funeral homes. For the future of Korean rural elderly policies, suggestions are made as follows: first, an integrated urban and rural township that contains attractive places for early retiring people who seek a warm atmosphere in later life needs to be constructed. Second, an integrated model retirement village of urban and rural retirement life needs to be initiated as a measure of evaluating the adaptation process of movers in senior concentrated zones. Third, a cooperation system among governmental ministries needs to be formed with the long- term goal of establishing a traditional rural town of independent housing districts and medical facilities in rural areas. Fourth, productive and active lifestyles need to be maintained as the local community and government develop successful retirement rural villages, by limiting the expansion of nursing related facilities. Finally, generation integrated visiting welfare programs and services need to be further developed for the housing areas especially in the winter, when social integration and activity are relatively low.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.279-290
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• 2013

This study aims to suggest the direction of urban planning for coping with climate change focusing on urban metabolism. The study consists of two main parts: literature review and case study. The cases are selected for mixed-use housing estate in Europe, which established the plans for energy saving and efficient use of resources and waste. The case study was carried out in accordance with the framework, which had four aspects that are 'to minimize energy input,' 'to use renewable energy sources,' 'to recycle waste,' and 'to reuse natural resources.' As a result, in all the cases, analysis showed that the circular metabolism system was built for energy, waste and water resources and that the plan satisfying all the aspects of the framework was established. Moreover, main planning elements are different reflecting resource conditions for each case. In conclusion, in order to achieve urban metabolism, it will be necessary to analyze various conditions including the surrounding environment of the region and to introduce planning elements that can maximize the regional potential.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.199-208
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• 2016

This paper proposes renovation guidelines for impaired persons' facilities in Chungcheongnam-Do by reviewing the conditions of the facilities based on the standard and deinstitutionalization trends in foreign facilities. The facilities were located far from the downtown of cities. Therefore, education and adaptation programs are necessary for these people to return to society. Recombining the rooms for a living room-oriented unit considering the structure system of the facilities allows good adaptation to home-based living conditions for impaired people. The area per person will be increases by renovations to a living room-oriented unit that makes upgrades to near foreign standards, such as The USA and The UK.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.4 s.111
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• pp.143-154
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• 2005

The Seoul Housing Corporation pronounced a design competition for Eunpyeng New Town District 2 in March of 2005. The authors collaborated on this design and won rot prize. Design guidelines of this competition were to make environmentally sustainable design, to develop as a resort site and cultural place for everyday life of residents, to link with green fabric of the district, and to elevate positive image and identity of Eunpyeng New Town district by creating a attractive landscape. The authors developed design concept and strategy within the guidelines and site conditions. The environmental setting of this site was characterized by mountain to the rear of the site with a stream passing through the district and the front of the site. This is the most important condition for the location principle of residence in Fung Shui theory. Therefore, the schema of the design was introduced by Fung Shui and Chi of place. To evolve design concept, we reinterpret the Fung Shui and Chi in the site combining with modem landscape design strategy, so that good place making could bring about well-being life of residents. By doing that, design concept of the proposal evolved as follows: 'fullness of comfortable life', 'adaptation of nature', 'inspiration of natural force'. This design approach is critical reevaluation of regional characters employing modem strategy. It is a conscious strategy of critical regionalism as distinguished from the traditional site oriented approach. The following are some of the major features in the design: green network and water recycle system in the site, promenade of forest with the experience nature, link to community core, theme gardens with plants having strong fragrances, terrace gardens with different level of housing type, playgrounds and resting places with many types, human scale facilities for residents.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.6 no.2 s.12
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• pp.82-93
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• 2000

The concept of sustainable development in rural area, which is focused on both preservation of nature and human's amenity, has been common paradigm. The purpose of this study is to suggest the development directions for the environmentally friendly rural house. The planning items for developing sustainable rural house were selected through literature survey, case study, and their adaptation evaluation. The establishment of principles and the evaluation of planning items were analyzed by a survey to experts. The results are as follows : 1) It is showed that sustainability evaluation of rural village is rated as above the moderate degree, but rural house is rated as 3.4(average score). Especially, there were lowly evaluated the utility, material, structure and inner environment in rural house. 2) It is revealed that 76.7% of planning items are located in both the upper left and upper right hand quadrant of the action grid, which is drawn by the importance-performance analysis(IPA). And any item is not found in the lower right hand quadrant(Possible Overkill). 3) Two basic principles and eight optional principles we identified by analysis of factor and regression. The rural zone is identified as major effective element for applying planning items into the rural house development. So it is desirable to apply the items differently by the rural zone type. 4) In view of sustainable development, it is desirable for rural village to have about 50 houses, and for rural house to have $155{\sim}180$ pyung(坪) as lot size, 30% as ratio of building, and 60% as building volume.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1662-1668
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• 2005

This review has been done to examine sex-linked dwarf gene in broiler production in hot-humid climates. Introduction of sex-linked dwarf gene especially in hot harsh tropical environments brings a great advantage for broiler production. The heavy broiler parent suffers due to the stress of these adverse climates. Sex-linked dwarf genes reduce body weight, egg weight, but are superior for adaptability under harsh tropical environments, with a lower requirement for housing and feed, better survivability and reproductive fitness giving fewer defective eggs, more hatching eggs, better fertility, hatchability, feed conversion efficiency and resistance to disease. Overall the cost of chick production from dwarf hens is lower than from their normal siblings. Market weights of broilers from sexlinked dwarf dams is almost similar to those of broilers from normal dams with normal sires. But the net benefit of broiler production from sex-linked dwarf dams is found to be greater than that of broilers from normal dams. This will be the most important to the rural communities in Bangladesh and in other countries where the similar environment and socio-economic conditions exist. Therefore, sexlinked dwarf hens might be used in broiler breeding plan as well as broiler production in the tropics.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1680-1688
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• 2008

Development of village chicken production can be a sustainable way of helping to meet the welfare needs of rural populations and raise their living standards. There is a dearth of information on research conducted to characterize, understand and develop the village chicken production systems in Zimbabwe. This review focuses on constraints, opportunities and research needs for the improvement of village chicken productivity in Zimbabwe. Village chicken production in Zimbabwe is extensive and dominated by indigenous chickens that exhibit remarkable adaptation to local environments. The multitude functions of village chickens, which include the provision of high quality protein meat and eggs, cash through sales and socio-cultural roles, are discussed in detail. Human gender aspects in village chicken production are highlighted. The factors that hamper village chicken productivity are reviewed together with opportunities and research needs. The major constraints include shortage of feed, poor health and housing management. Any improvements in these constraints may lead to sustainable increase in village chicken productivity.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.255-264
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• 2012

The present study attempts to understand the emission pattern of greenhouse gases in people's daily life through the estimation and analysis of the amount and characteristics of the greenhouse gases. Based on the survey of 1,000 people throughout the nation, monthly emission of greenhouse gases per-capita was estimated from their use of fuels, electricity, water, and personal and public transportation means in addition to their waste generation. In the case of personal car drivers, greenhouse gas emission was the greatest from their cars, followed by the emission from electricity, fuels, and public transportation. Emission from water consumption and waste generation was relatively low. Fuel consumption varied depending on the number of household members, their housing type, and the size of their living spaces. Results showed that single-person households emitted the largest amount of per-capita greenhouse gas while greenhouse gas emission from electricity was inversely proportional to the number of persons in a given household.