• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.353-360
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• 2003

For the simple rapid bioassay of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide residues, a mass-production system of acetycholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7, MAChE) using baculovirus and insect cell culture was constructed. The cDNA for AChE was synthesized from Drosophila melanogaster in Halla Mountain, the lipid anchor tail was removed by PCR and was used for the site-directed mutagenesis of three amino acid residues (E107Y, F368L, L408F). The mutated cDNA was inserted into the baculovirus vector and expressed in insect cells. Maximum cell growth and enzyme activity were reached when the cells $(2{\times}10^6\;cell/ml)$ were infected four times at four-day-intervals. His-tag containing MAChE was purified using Ni-NTA column and used for characterization. The activity was maintained under various pHs (3-10) and temperatures $(20-50^{\circ}C)$ under experimental conditions. As an extraction solution for pesticides, methanol is more effective than ethanol. Against major organophosphate and carbamate pesticides, the MAChE showed better sensitivity than AChE and AChE from housefly (Taiwan).

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.101-112
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological mechanism of orally administered ethanolic extract of fly maggot(EM) on hypocholesterolemic rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Sprague Dawley male rats were divided into four groups (EM dose control=0, 5.0, 7.0, and 9.0 mg/100 g BW) and were treated for 6 weeks. EM groups revealed a significant reduction in serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL-C when compared with the control group(p<0.05). HMG-CoA reductase activity in EM groups were lower than those of the control group, but total sterol, neutral sterol, and bile acid excretion were increased in EM groups when compared with the control group(p<0.05). To identify the biological mechanism of EM towards the hypocholesterolemic effect, sterol response element binding proteins (SREBPs) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors ($PPAR{\alpha}$ transcription system were determined in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. It was discovered that EM suppress the expression of SREBP-$1{\alpha}$ and SREBP-2 mRNA in the liver tissues of high-cholesterol diet fed rats, while simultaneously increasing the expression of $PPAR{\alpha}$ mRNA(p<0.05). This finding indicates that EM may have hypocholesterolemic effects in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet, by regulating cholesterol metabolism-related biochemical parameters and SREBP-$1{\alpha}$ SREPB-2 and $PPAR{\alpha}$gene expression.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.2_spc
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• pp.332-346
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• 2022

Shortage of protein feed resources is the major challenge to the world farm animal industry. Insects are known as an alternative protein source for poultry. A wide range of insects are available for use in poultry diets. Insect larvae thrive in manure, and organic waste, and produce antimicrobial peptides to protect themselves from microbial infections, and additionally these peptides might also be functional in poultry feed. The feed containing antimicrobial peptides can improve the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal health, and immune function in poultry. Insect meal contains a higher amount of essential amino acids compared to conventional feedstuffs. Black soldier fly, mealworm, housefly, cricket/Grasshopper/Locust (Orthoptera), silkworm, and earthworm are the commonly used insect meals in broiler and laying hen diets. This paper summarizes the nutrient profiles of the insect meals and reviews their efficacy when included in poultry diets. Due to the differences in insect meal products, and breeds of poultry, inconsistent results were noticed among studies. The main challenge for proper utilization, and the promising prospect of insect meal in poultry diet are also addressed in the paper. To fully exploit insect meal as an alternative protein resource, and exert their functional effects, modes of action need to be understood. With the emergence of more accurate and reliable studies, insect meals will undoubtedly play more important role in poultry feed industry.