• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 2021

The door open time, resulting from occupants evacuating from apartments, is an important parameter when assessing the performance of smoke ventilation systems in high-rise apartment buildings. However, the values recommended in UK design guidance appear to have limited substantiation. Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out considering variabilities in door swing time, flow rate and number of occupants. It has been found that the door open time can be represented by a lognormal distribution with a mean of 6.6, 8.7 and 11.1 s and a standard deviation of 1.7, 3.2 and 4.7 s for one, two and three-bedroom apartments, respectively. For deterministic analyses, it is proposed that the 95th percentile values may be adopted in line with recommended practice for other fire safety design parameters such as fuel load density and soot yield, giving door open times of 10 s to 19 s, depending on the number of bedrooms.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.81-88
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• 2000

This paper based on a survey of the 1995 Hyogo-Ken Nanbu Earthquake analyzes human behavior by the house pattern through the correspondence analysis in an area of Shindo 7: earthquake with an intensity of 7 on the Japanese scale. According to the analysis the following proposals are shown as a space safety planning: First : To establish the space allotment based on which the role behavior among family members are smoothly executed, . Second In the apartment house it is important to install a common space or a "Helping Neighbot" -route to the adjoining dwelling unit which is safe for residents' activities and effective for the improvement of the earthquake-resistant structure of the building. building.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.345-346
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• 2012

The Korean construction market and housing policy have been increasingly focusing on supplier. As opposed to houses in private areas, Apartment House using the common infrastructure such as elevators, electrical facilities, heating system and hot water supply system need joint management. Their management usually depends on the resident cooperation or outsourcing. On this study, I investigated the level of satisfaction of Apartment House residents and its managing personnel, the conditions of its management, and analysed the important factors which influence the degree of residence satisfaction with respect to its maintenance and management.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.127-130
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• 2003

In the Korean construction market the housing exceeds more than 60％ among the entire objects for remodelling. And among the 50％ of the common residence that needs remodelling, half of them are common houses with hallways. In respect of remodelling the common houses with hallways to those with stairways, This investigation aims at not only increasing the area by simply enlarging it, but also elevating the residential value by improving the environment based on the study of the existing plane with stairways. In order to do so, the satisfaction rate after living in common residence either with stairways or with hallways according to size (10, 20, 30 pyong), public space and interior environment is investigated through questionnaire. Therefore, this study tries to discover and analyze the positive and negative aspects of common residence with hallways.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.6 no.2 s.12
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• pp.82-93
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• 2000

The concept of sustainable development in rural area, which is focused on both preservation of nature and human's amenity, has been common paradigm. The purpose of this study is to suggest the development directions for the environmentally friendly rural house. The planning items for developing sustainable rural house were selected through literature survey, case study, and their adaptation evaluation. The establishment of principles and the evaluation of planning items were analyzed by a survey to experts. The results are as follows : 1) It is showed that sustainability evaluation of rural village is rated as above the moderate degree, but rural house is rated as 3.4(average score). Especially, there were lowly evaluated the utility, material, structure and inner environment in rural house. 2) It is revealed that 76.7% of planning items are located in both the upper left and upper right hand quadrant of the action grid, which is drawn by the importance-performance analysis(IPA). And any item is not found in the lower right hand quadrant(Possible Overkill). 3) Two basic principles and eight optional principles we identified by analysis of factor and regression. The rural zone is identified as major effective element for applying planning items into the rural house development. So it is desirable to apply the items differently by the rural zone type. 4) In view of sustainable development, it is desirable for rural village to have about 50 houses, and for rural house to have $155{\sim}180$ pyung(坪) as lot size, 30% as ratio of building, and 60% as building volume.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.16-26
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• 2012

The consultation with building energy experts working at domestic government-funded research institutes and enterprises on performance set, element technology, and policy for the realization of low-energy and the survey with construction workers on the relevance of climate change in building construction, government support policy, and methodologies for the construction of low-energy house were carried in the study. In addition the public element preference survey on the low-energy house and awareness research on the low-carbonization of building were carried and presented for the development of affordable low-energy house. There was a big difference in the recognition of building energy performance setting and setting for the construction cost to realize it between experts and ordinary citizens in the study. To fill this gap education and promotion of zero energy house and securing economic feasibility through the commercialization of element technology will be needed. The satisfaction in government's zero energy house policy was normally low. To improve this low satisfaction administrative and technical support are considered to be expanded. Common high cost of construction was the top priority to resolve the problem, and enhancing renewable energy grants, tax relief, and substantial cost support could be as detailed solutions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.231-232
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• 2005

In the design guideline about the existing elderly house, the equipment related to kitchen and bathroom are the most important in the secure and functional aspect. On the other hand, the present elderly house is being designed according to foreign design guideline or common housing form instead of reflecting living and physical qualities of the korean elderly. Therefore, in this study based on the guideline of the existing literature, we made kitchen and bathroom equipments and conducted an experiment in finding proper position and height for korean elderly enough to use the kitchen and bathroom conveniently and independently. Based on the guideline of the existing literature related to foreign and domestic elderly house, we made Mock-up furnished with the equipments of kitchen and bathroom. The equipments of kitchen consist of sink and shelves to be capable of changing height. The equipments of bathroom consist of different height wash bowls, toilet stools, grab bars, and a bathtub. The study was accomplished by observing and measuring the use of the elderly.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.352-356
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• 2006

This study aims to analyze the current status and characteristics of apartment house unit plans towards spatial differentiation. The 172 house units from 32 housing complexes were selected for this analysis. In this study, factors of residential space plan especially in an apartment house are categorized into general characteristics on floor plan and factors for spatial floor plan. The Primary findings are as follows: (1) General characteristics on floor plan are analyzed based on space organization, area and number of bays. Among apartment houses over 40 pyeong, it seems that differentiation is well applied with various space plans available. (2) A result of an analysis on the factors for spatial floor plan shows that planning a living room with two-open-sides seems to be more common in the tower-shaped apartment blocks which are now on the increase. Moreover, many of them are adopting movable partitions to reflect resident's various demands on space plan. Among all, the extra kitchen in the balcony is planned high portion of 80.4%. And diningroom is positioned on the front side of the residential space along with a livingroom(19.2%). More frequently, dining area tends to face the living room(30.2%) according to the result. Besides dress rooms begin to be placed in each of the bedroom, once planned in one bedroom only while 18.6% of the apartment houses are placing new storages in the entrance to solve lack of storage space due to balcony extension.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.576-579
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• 2007

It build large scale apartment for solution of housing problem with population concentration of the city and with sudden economic growth. Present, it is increasing continuously. The interest regarding a Remodeling is coming to be high by the policy which government with the means for the problem solving where the other side elapse of a case deterioration of the apartment. It will be able to evaluate the result of Remodeling performance evaluation it will be able to accommodate. IS necessary It compared a domestic House performance evaluation indication system and the existing residential performance evaluation item of Japan and it applies the performance evaluation of the Remodeling house of common against the plan for it researched

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.27-32
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• 2009

Since the cohousing idea, originated in Northern Europe, was introduced in the U.S. by architects Kathryn McCamant and Charles Durrett in the early 1980s, there are recently the largest number of cohousing communities and rapidly expanded in the U.S. So, it is necessary to appreciate the cohousing communities developed in U.S. In this study, we investigated the physical characteristics of cohousing and the methods of its residents' participation by means of a case study on cohousing communities in U.S. and suggested the future direction of the cohousing community. Also, this work could be exploited when the cohousing is introduced to Korea. At first, the general status and characteristics of U.S cohousing was explored using diverse sources such as literature, paper and Web site. And then, the direct visit survey was used to obtain the more exact and specific data about physical aspects and residents' participation in each community. We found that cohousing communities were mostly located in the urban and Rural area, which was founded in the 1990s, and new communities continue to be created in the U.S. Typically, the number of households is from 20 to 30 in one community. The land is generally owned by the community itself and its size is within 10 acres. Communities usually serve optional group meals in the common house at least two or five times a week. Each member's income is separated and the community members should take care of their common properties. The leader of community does not exist and most communities don't have the organization of community members. All cohousing communities use consensus as the basis for group decision-making.