• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.50-71
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• 1997

The intention of this study is to apprehend the con. tents and methods of herb remedies that are commonly conducted when there are health-problem cases of ENT, eyes, teeth and skin. Methods of this study are divided into two stages : 1) For a period of six months from December 1994 to June 1995, some 40 persons who are believed to be well versed with herb remedies have been randomly chosen, and we made a survey on herb remedies by symptoms: and 2) we have endeavored to make their grounds evident through the studies on literatures with the focus on the basic data collected. Their results are as follows: 1) When one feels a pain in ears, such herb remedies are employed as pouring the vapor into ears, which is made by steaming Alaska pollack, or as applying or wiping with the juices of radish or the ginkgo, or' alum. Applying the radish juice is effective for sterilization and fever removal: and applying the ginkgo juice is effective for cleanliness. But, plastering alum, sesame oil or castor oil, or pouring the vapor of Alaska pollack into ears are perhaps effective but do not have any pharmacologic grounds. 2) When one bleeds at the nose, such kinds of herb remedies are applied as stimulating nose or head with cold water, pressing nose or ridge of nose, or filling up nares with mashed mugworts. In addition, they have utilized garlic or leeks. Such methods as stimulating with cold water or just pressing nose and ridge of nose is based on reasonable grounds, i.e. vasoconstriction and vascular compression ; and applying mashed garlic on the sole of foot is good for the circulation of Qui ; and the use of mugworts and leeks is based upon the pharmacological function of hemostasis. 3) When one feels a sore throat such kinds of herb remedies are employed as gargling or rinsing throat with brine, drinking hot gruel or water, or drinking the juice of mugwort, radish, ginger or Chinese quince. Gargling with brine or drinking the juice of mugwort, radish or ginger is based upon the pharmacological function of pain alleviation, fever removal, and detoxication. 4) When a boil is formed in mouth, such herb remedies are applied as spreading honey, brine or alum water, and taking gall nut, Chinese matrimony vine, lotus root, etc, for drugs. Spreading honey, brine or water that is made by infusing gallnut, Chinese matrimony vine, lotus root is based upon such functions as hematosis, astriction, antibacterial, and antiphlogistic, Alum, eggplant and licorice are said to be effective, but their pharmacological effects have no grounds. 5) When one has conjunctivitis such herb remedies are commonly applied as irrigation with brine and dropping breast milk in eyes. Moreover, such other drugs are used as plantain. shepherd's purse, and purslane, etc. The use of brine, breast milk, plantain, shepherd's purse and purslane is based upon such functions as sterilization, antiphlogistic, disinfection and pain relieving. Eriocaulon sieboldianum, bean stem, bean pod and narcissus leaves are said to be effective, but their pharmacological action have no basis. When one has a stye, such herb remedies are applied as extracting eyelashes, stimulating by a massage of middle finger, third finger or big toe, as well as sear ing with a heated bamboo comb that is fine-toothed. Other than these, plantain and nightshade's nuts are used as drugs for it. Extracting eyelashes corresponds with exclusing suppurative node and draining the stye of pus ; and the use of plantain is based upon disinfection: and nightshade's nuts are said to be effective, however, their pharmacological action has no grounds. 6) For a treatment of toothache, such herb remedies are commonly employed as rinsing mouth with brine and holding cold water or gasoline in the mouth ; and as the drugs that are believed to be effective have been Welsh onion, ginger and castor-oil, plant, etc. The use of Welsh onion is based upon pain killing, antiinflammatory actions, and the use of ginger is based upon detoxication and disinfection ; and seeds of castor-oil plants are said to be effective, but they have no pharmacological basis. 7) When one has hives, such herb remedies are commonly applied as rubbing burned straw in affected parts, exposing to its smoke, rubbing with salt, sweeping down with a broom, and spreading and drinking boiled water of trifoliate orange. The use of cassia tora seeds, walnut, aloe and radish is said to be effective. The use of cassia tor a seeds has the functions of intestinal order, anti-paralysis, etc. The use of walnut has resulted in an increase of blood by invigorating spirits ; and the use of aloe is based upon disinfection, antibiotic, anti-salt, antihistamine and detoxication action. But, the effects of radish juice and straw's smoke have no pharmacological grounds. 8) When one gets a boil, such herb remedies are commonly used as applying a plaster, paste of flour mixed with yolk, soy sauce or honey, as well as spreading pounded elm tree. Other remedies that have been said to be effective are ; heating with mugwort, brine, wild rocambole, aloe, onion, squid's bone, etc. The use of mugwort is based upon pain killing, astringent antiinflammatory and tranquility. Wild rocambole is based upon the generation and maintenance functions of cell-joining textures ; elm tree upon antiphlogistic ; aloe upon fever removal and antiphlogistic ; onion on pain killing, fever removal, antiphlogistic and tranquility ; squid's bone on astriction: and brine or vinegar on sterilization. Pine resin and gardenia seed are said to be effective, but they have no pharmacological basis. 9) When one cuts his skin, such herb remedies are commonly employed as spreading mugwort's juice or squid's bone powder, or pressing the wounds. In addition, kalopanax, onion and fine soil are employed. The use of mugwort, kalopanax and squid's bone is based upon such functions as hemostasis, sedation, pain killing, antibacterial ; and fine soil is said to be effective, but it has no pharmacological basis. 10) When one suffers from whitlow, such herb remedies are commonly utilized as heating with boiled soy sauce, spreading soybean paste, or dipping into eggs, etc. Other drugs that have been employed are onion root, brine, eggplant, potato, loach, etc. The use of onion is based upon pain killing and antiphlogistic functions ; and that of brine upon antiphlogistic function. The use of soy sauce or soybean paste, fomentation, eggplant, potato and loach is said to be effective, but it has no pharmacblogic ground. 11) For the treatment of frostbite, such herb remedies are commonly used as dipping the affected part into frozen soybean sack, using boiled water of eggplant stem, garlic caulis, onion, hot pepper, caulis. Onion is based upon antiphlogistic and tranquility actions garlic upon disintection, metabolic exacerbation, tonic and aphrodisiac actions and the use of eggplant and hot pepper is based upon help blood circulation, dissolution and excretion of waste matters in vein. 12) For the treatment of burn, such herb remedies or drugs are commonly used as cleansing with Korean gin, spreading eggs, cleansing with cold water and soap water ; and as brine, cactus, moss, soybean paste, oil, etc. The cleansing with Korean gin, cold water, soap water, brine, vinegar is based upon cleaning and sterilizing functions ; and the use of cucumber is based upon nu. trition provision, and strengthening of resisting power by adjustment of metabolism. The use of potato, cactus, moss, oil and eggs is said to be effective, but their phamacological functions are not clarified. In view of the above results, we can realize that the drugs that have been employed in herb remedies are quite diverse. However, in regard to majority of herb remedies that have been employed by symptoms, the pharmacological functions of their drugs have not been clarified, and they are merely known as effective. Furthermore, they have not been recorded in the literature as yet ; and we confirm that there have been many herb remedies that were executed without the proper knowlege of their effects. It is now our view that the results of this survey may be utilized for consulting data in regard to the use of herb remedies.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.38-45
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• 1999

Formaldehyd/Urea 몰비의 변이가 목질 원재료의 형상이 상이한 합판, SLPB, STPB의 접착성과 물성에 미치는 영향을 조사한 본 연구는 요소수지 F/U 몰비 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0으로 요소수지를 제조하고 그 형상이 상이한 목질 원재료인 veneer, sliver-particle, strand-particle를 원료로 하여 각 몰비별 합판, SLPB, STPB를 제조하였다. 합판의 상태접착력, SLPB, STPB의 밀도, 함수율, 박리강도, 휨강도, 두께 팽창율을 시험하였다. 실험 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 합판의 접착력은 F/U 몰비 1.2에서 가장 우수한 값을 나타냈으며 전 몰비 모두 KS 합판 접착성(비내수) 규격인 7.5kgf/$cm^2$을 상회하는 14kgf$cm^2$ 이상을 나타냈다. 또한 F/U 몰비 1.2의 경우 본 연구자(1998)의 연구결과인 formaldehyde 방출 무취기준(5mg/$\ell$ 이하)율 만족시키면서 우수한 접착성울 나타냈다. 2. 박리강도는 SLPB 및 STPB 공히 모두 F/U 몰비 1.0, 2.0이 낮은 결과치를 나타냈고 1.2~1.8사이에서는 큰차이는 없었으며, SLPB의 경우 4.8~5.9kgf/$cm^2$의 값의 분포를 STPB는 5.4~6.7 kgf/$cm^2$의 분포를 보이고 있어 STPB가 우수한 박리강도를 나타냈다. 이 결과에서 F/U 몰비에 따른 박리강도의 영향 보다는 원재료의 형상에 따른 영향이 더 크다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 3. 휨강도도 역시 SLPB 및 STPB 공히 F/U 몰비 1.0, 2.0이 낮은 결과치를 나타냈다. STPB 전몰비 모두가 KS 규격 200 Type(휨강도가 180kgf/$cm^2$) 이상을 만족시키는 결과를 보였고 SLPB의 경우도 전몰비 모두 KS 규격 150 Type(휨 강도가 130kgf/$cm^2$)이상을 만족시키는 결과를 나타냈다. 이 결과에서는 전체적으로 STPB가 SLPB에 비하여 2배 이상의 우수한 강도를 보였다. 이는 휨강도에서도 F/U 몰비에 따른 영향보다는 원재료의 형상에 따른 영향이 더 크다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 4. 두께 팽창율에서는 고몰비인 2.0, 1.8 저몰비인 1.0, 1.2에서 SLPB, STPB 모두 높은 두께 팽창율을 보였으며 STPB의 경우 F/U 몰비 1.6에서 SLPB의 경우는 F/U 몰비 1.4에서 가장 낮은 두께 팽창율을 나타냈다. 그리고, STPB의 경우 6몰비 모두 KS기준 12% 이하를 만족시키고 있었으나 SLPB에서는 그 기준을 모두 상회하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 전체적으로는 SLPB가 STPB보다 약 2배의 두께 팽창율을 나타내 두께 팽창율에서도 F/U 몰비에 따른 영향보다는 원재료의 형상에 따른 영향이 더 크다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 본 실험의 결과를 종합적으로 살펴보면 합판의 접착성 및 보드의 재질에 미치는 영향은 F/U 몰비의 변이 보다는 원재료의 형상의 영향이 이 더욱 크게 작용한다는 사실을 알 수 있었으며 보드의 제조기준이 본 실험과 동일하다면 합판의 접착성과 PB의 물리적, 기계적 성질과 본 연구자(1998)의 연구결과인 formaldehyde 방출량 및 방출경향을 고려할 때 사용처와 용도에 따라 합판의 경우 우수한 접착력과 KS formaldehyde 무취기준을 만족시키는 F/U 몰비 1.2를 PB의 경우 양호한 휨강도, 박리강도, 비교적 낮은 두께 팽창율과 KS formaldehyde E2형 (5mg/$\ell$ 이하)기준율 만족시키는 F/U 몰비 1.2~1.4가 사용되어야 함을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2001

정위적분할방사선치료(FSRT)는 병소경계에 대한 공간상위치와 형태를 정확히 결정하는 것이 큰 쟁점이다. 본 연구는 나선형 CT를 이용하여 4명의 뇌종양 환자와 팬톰(파라핀)으로부터 연속적인 횡축 단면상을 얻었다. K-mean 분류 알고리즘을 적용하여 CT영상의 초기정보값을 평균화소값으로 변화시켰다. 영상의 구성은 병소영역, 정상영역, 혼합영역, 바탕영역, 가음영영역의 5영역으로 분류하였다. 주된 관심은 혼합영역 내에서 정상영역과 혼합영역을 어떻게 분리하는 가였다. 5영역 평균화소값 중에서 정상영역과 병소영역에 상대적인 평균편차 분석법을 적용하여 2영역 평균편차 화소값 사이의 최대점을 구하였다. IDL 프로그램을 이용한 반자동윤곽법으로 혼합영역내의 최대점을 연결함으로서 GTV의 경계선을 그렸다. 균일한 팬톰의 관심영역 경계선은 ${\pm}1%$ 이내의 오차로 평가되었다. 환자 4명의 경우는 방사선 전문의들이 그린 병소영역과 K-mean 알고리즘과 상대적인 평균편차 분석법에 의해 자동적으로 묘사된 병소영역과 거의 일치하였다. 이러한 방법들을 사용하여 불분명한 정상영역과 병소영역의 경계선을 명확하게 나타낼 수 있었다. 그러므로 CT 영상이 MRI 영상과 비교하여 간헐적으로 병소윤곽을 보여주지 못할 경우 이 방법은 치료계획을 결정할 때 유용한 CT영상 자료로 활용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.958-969
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• 1998

In this study, we attempted to investigate the needs and problems of the terminal cancer patients and their family caregivers to provide them with nursing information to improve their quality of life and prepare for a peaceful death. Data was collected from August 1, 1995 to July 31, 1996 at the internal medicine unit of S hospital in Seoul area with the two groups of participants who were family members of terminal cancer patients seventy four of them were in-patients and 34 were out-patients who were discharged from the same hospital for home care. The research tool used in this study has been developed by selecting the questionnaires from various references, modifying them for our purpose and refining them based on the results of preliminary study. While general background information about the patients was obtained by reviewing their medical records, all other information was collected by interviewing the primary family caregivers of the patients using the questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed with the SPSS PC/sup +/ program. The results of this study are summarized as follows ; 1) Most frequently complained symptoms of the terminal cancer patients were in the order of pain(87%), weakness(86.1%), anorexia(83.3%) and fatigue (80.6%). 2) Main therapies for the terminal cancer patients were pain control (58.3%), hyperalimentation(47.2%) and antibiotics(21.3%). 3) Special medical devices that terminal cancer patients used most were oxygen device (11.1%), and feeding tube(5.6%). Other devices were used by less than 5% of the patients. 4) The mobility of 70.4% of the patients was worse than ECOG 3 level, they had to stay in bed more than 50% of a day. 5) Patients wanted their medical staffs to help relieve pain(45.4%), various physical symptoms(29.6%), and problems associated with their emotion(11.1%). 6) 16.7% of the family caregivers hoped for full recovery of the patients, refusing to admit the status of the patients. Also, 37% wished for the extension of the patient's life at least for 6 months. 7) Only 38.9% of the family members was preparing for the patient's funeral. 8) 45.4% of family caregivers prefer hospital as the place for the patient's death, 39.8% their own home, and 14.8% undetermined. 9) Caregivers of the patients were mostly close family members, i.e., spouse(62%), and sons and daughters or daughter-in-laws(21.3%). 10) 43.5% of the family caregivers were aware of hospice care. 46.8% of them learned about the hospice care from the mass media, 27.7% from health professionals, and the rest from books and other sources. 11) Caregivers were asked about the most difficult problems they encounter in home care, 41 of them pointed out the lack of health professionals they can contact, counsel and get help from in case of emergency, 17 identified the difficulty of finding appropriate transportation to hospital, and 13 stated the difficulty of admission in hospital as needed. 12) 93.6% of family caregivers demanded 24-hour hot line, 80% the visiting nurses and doctors, and 69.4% the volunteer's help. The above results indicate that terminal patients and their family caregivers demand help from qualified health professionals whenever necessary. Hospice care system led by well-trained medical and nursing staffs is one of the viable answers for such demands.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2022

본 연구는 최근 신재생에너지원으로 관광, 여행 등의 목적을 가지며 관광자원의 역할을 할 수 있는 풍력발전시설의 경관 인식을 파악하였다. 이에 지역별로 방문객이 경험한 풍력발전시설의 경관과 관련된 소셜미디어 데이터를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 풍력발전시설의 경관을 인식할 때 연구대상지에서 공통적으로 풍력발전시설의 규모, 조망점과 풍력발전시설 간의 거리, 조망점에서 풍력발전시설을 볼 때 시각적 개방성, 풍력발전시설이 위치하고 있는 지형에 따라 달라지는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한, 풍력발전시설의 선호는 풍력발전시설의 형태와 주변경관을 파악할 수 있는 장소인 평지나 바다에 설치되어 있는 곳을 더 좋은 경관이라고 인식하고 있다. 특이한 점으로 경관에 대한 부정적인 키워드는 강원도 태백 가덕산, 태백 매봉산, 태기산과 경상도 경주 풍력발전시설에서 나타났다. 부정적인 키워드는 풍력발전시설을 가까이 조망했을 때 조망각이 높아 느껴지는 압도적인 크기와 산의 능선이 함께 보이는 경관에서 심리적 위압감을 느끼고 있음을 알 수 있다. 반면, 평지나 바다가 보이는 경관의 풍력발전시설에서는 긍정적인 경관 형용사가 도출되어 방문객은 경관의 스카이라인이 산 능선과 겹쳐서 보이거나 너무 가까이에서 풍력발전시설을 바라볼 때보다 평지나 바다에서 경관의 시각량이 충분히 확보될 때 그 장소를 대표할 만한 상징적인 요소라고 인식하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 본 연구는 풍력발전시설을 경험한 방문객의 의견을 토대로 경관 인식을 분석하였다. 그러나 풍력발전시설은 설치되는 권역별로 경관특성이 다르고, 시점, 관찰자 등 변수가 많아 연구결과를 일반화시키기 어려운 한계가 있다. 최근 풍력발전시설 조성 시 발생하는 경관훼손이 주요 이슈가 되고 있고, 국내에는 풍력발전시설의 경관을 평가할 수 있는 방법이 미흡하다. 이에 풍력발전시설의 경관을 평가할 시 풍력발전시설의 규모, 풍력발전시설이 설치된 지역 고유의 자연적 특성, 풍력발전시설과 조망점과의 거리가 중요한 구성요소로 나타난 것은 주목할 사항이라 판단된다. 또한, 풍력시설은 보전해야 할 자연환경에 설치되는 시설로 추후 경관적 관점에서 풍력발전시설과 주변 환경을 바라보는 경관의 연구가 필요하다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.110-114
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• 2012

암의 조기검진 및 수술 전후 추적검사에 유용하게 이용되고 있는 PET/CT는 영상의 질을 향상시키기 위하여 기계적인 성능 향상과 더불어 영상 재구성방법도 발전되어 왔다. 본 연구는 Time of Flight (TOF)를 기반으로 한 재구성 프로그램들에 대하여 영상의 질을 평가하고자 한다. Gemini TF, Biograph mCT, Discovery 690을 이용하여 phantom 영상을 동일한 조건으로 2분 동안 영상을 획득 후 Astonish TF, ultraHD PET, SharpIR을 적용한 것과 적용하지 않은 것에 대하여 영상을 재구성하였다. Flangeless Esser PET phantom 의 내부에는 $^{18}F$-FDG 1.11 kBq/ml (30 ${\mu}Ci/ml$)를 채우고 4개의 열소 원통(8, 12, 16, 25 mm)에는 8.88 kBq/ml (240 ${\mu}Ci/ml$)를 채워서 배후 방사능과 열소 원통 방사능의 비율이 1:8이 되도록 제작하였고 triple line phantom의 내부에는 $^{18}F$-FDG 37 MBq (1 mCi)를 채우고 세 개의 line에는 0.37 MBq/ml (100 uCi)를 주입하여 제작하였다. Flangeless Esser PET phantom을 사용한 재구성 영상에서 contrast ratio와 background variability를 구하였고, triple line phantom을 사용한 재구성 영상에서 resolution을 측정하였다. Phantom lid 크기가 8, 12, 16, 25 mm에서의 contrast ratio는 Astonish TF를 적용하지 않은 영상에서 8.69, 12.28, 19.31, 25.80%, 적용한 영상에서는 6.24, 13.24, 19.55, 27.60%, ultraHD PET를 적용하지 않은 영상에서 4.94, 12.68, 22.09, 30.14%, 적용한 영상에서는 4.76, 13.23, 23.72, 31.65%, SharpIR를 적용하지 않은 영상에서 13.18, 17.44, 28.76, 34.67%, 적용한 영상에서는 13.15, 18.32, 30.33, 35.73%로 나타났다. Background variability는 Astonish TF를 적용하지 않은 영상에서 5.51, 5.42, 7.13, 6.28%, 적용한 영상에서는 7.81, 7.94, 6.40, 6.28%, ultraHD PET를 적용하지 않은 영상에서 6.46, 6.63, 5.33, 5.21%, 적용한 영상에서는 6.08, 6.08, 4.45, 4.58%, SharpIR를 적용하지 않은 영상에서 5.93, 4.82, 4.45, 5.09%, 적용한 영상에서는 4.80, 3.92, 3.63, 4.50%로 나타났다. Phantom line 위치가 upper, center, right에서의 resolution은 Astonish TF를 적용하지 않은 영상에서 10.77, 11.54, 9.34 mm, 적용한 영상에서는 9.54, 8.90, 8.88 mm, ultraHD PET를 적용하지 않은 영상에서 7.84, 6.95, 8.32 mm, 적용한 영상에서는 7.51, 6.66, 8.27 mm, SharpIR를 적용하지 않은 영상에서 9.35, 8.69, 8.99 mm, 적용한 영상에서는 9.88, 9.18, 9.00 mm로 나타났다. TOF를 기반으로 하여 영상의 질을 향상시키기 위한 재구성 프로그램 사용 시 전반적으로 영상의 질적 향상이 이루어짐을 알 수 있었다. 또한 제조사별 재구성 프로그램 비교에 대해서는 어느 정도의 결과 값의 차이를 보였지만 이는 제조사별 장비의 특성과 재구성 알고리즘의 차이로 인한 결과라고 생각된다. 따라서 각 병원에서는 영상의 질을 향상시키기 위해 사용되는 재구성 프로그램을 이용함에 있어서 프로그램에 맞는 적절한 재구성 조건을 찾기 위한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.387-396
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• 1992

This study was conducted to examine the favorable taste of food color for one month of November 1991 With 200 college students consisting 100 male and 100 female students. The color to examine the favorable food was based on Munsell color standard of ten colors such as F. Birren seven colors (red, orange, yellow, yellowish green, green, blue and violet), brown, pink and black. And then, the data of this study was analysed by using frequency(%), mean values, standard deviation, t-test, Chi-square, Spearman correction with SAS Package on the basis of 100% collection and reliable coefficient alpha= .775. The result of this study is summarized as follows. 1. It was shown that the male college students (59%) showed remarkable interest in the food color higher than that of female college students (92%), and that 85% of male students and 97% of female students considered that the food color has an effect on appetite. In addition, the food name having an effect of the food color on appetite appeared in such order as carrot (13.0%), apple (10.9%), spinach (7.0%), cucumber (6.0%) and red pepper (5.6%). The important factor in choosing the favorable food was the taste for both male and female college students, while the male and female students considered the food color as the 4th, respectively, and the 3rd important factor in choosing the favorable food. 2. The favorable food color appeared in order such as orange, red, yellow, yellowish green, green, blue, violet, pink, black and brown colors for the male college students, and in order such as red, orange, yellow, green, yellowish green, brown, violet, black, pink and blue. Also, there was difference between the male and female college students in such colors as brown, yellowish green, blue and pink. It was also shown that there was no relation between the male and female college students in examining the order of favorable food colors and general colors when selecting null hypothesis (ASE: .405). The food name associated with the color was apple for red color, orange for orange color, coffee for brown color, banana for yellow color, lettuce for yellowish green color, spinach for green color, mackerel for blue color, eggplant for violet color, sausage for pink color and bean for black color 3. The favorable color combination of both male and female college students showed red with green, orange with yellow, yellow with green, green with yellow, pink with violet and black with black. In addition, the favorable combination of the male college students indicated brown with black, yellowish green with orange, blue with red and violet with yellow while the female college students did brown with yellow, yellowish green with green, blue with yellow and violet with pink. The favorable combination color showing difference between the male and female college students included orange, brown, violet, pink and black colors. 4. The relation between the food color and terms of favorable taste showed that “light and mild color” is yellow, that “untasty color” is black, that “sourish and puckery color” is orange, that “bitter color” is violet, that “hot color” is red, and that “fresh color” is green which were answered by both male and female college students. However, the male and female college students considered yellow, respectively, and orange as “tasty color”, and black and yellow, respectively, as “sweet color”. Then, the taste term showing difference between male and female college students included “light”, “mild”, “sourish”, “tasty” and “sweet”. Based on the above result of this study, it is apparent that there is a close relation between the food color and appetite while being difference between the general color and taste. In addition to this fact, there is also some differences between male and female college students in the taste of food color.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.10-21
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• 1976

The traditional application of night soil to vegetable gardens and rice paddies results in a most wide spread condition of parasitism, with a variety of helminths found in Korea. In addition to the above fact, the peculiar habit of the consumption of raw vegetables, fish, crustaceans and mammals provides a means of infestations of helminths. During the last sixty years numerous reports were found on the prevalence of helminths amongst the Korean population in different parts of the country, and it was generally recognized that ascariasis, hookworm disease, filariasis, clonorchiasis and paragonimiasis constitute the important helminthic disease in Korea. In practical measures of parasite control activities the main measures are summarized as mass-treatment, night-soil disposal and transmission control. Among the three, the mass-treatment has been commonly applied, however, no reduction of transmission has been obtained by treatment of a population. Therefore, the ultimate eradication of parasites will depend upon the application of comprehensive environmental sanitation measures. The basic environmental measures will be concerned with (a) the safe disposal of human excreta, (b) the provision of adequate and safe water supplies in such a way as to promote a higher standard of personal hygiene in the population, and (c) the prevention of food contamination by faecal material. Additional environmental measures will deal with the improvement of housing and housing hygiene and with general community development. Community development means social and cultural as well as economic development. The control measures on the parasitic endemic diseases, such as clonorchiasis and paragonimiasis are the good examples for community health development in Korea. The control of Clonorchis and Paragonimus infections are theoretically very simple, as the infection can only invade the human body by way of encysted metacercaria which are taken into the body when eating passive intermediate hosts(fishes, crabs and crayfishes). Although prophylactic measures in the case of the infections deal with above merely consist the fishes in cooking or submerging in hot water before eating them, it is exceedingly difficult to carry out such simple measures in face of century old traditions, to which the relatively primitive population clings with great tenacity. There is no one universally applicable method of control. The choice of methods must be dictated by the nature of the environment. the habit and custom of the people. the pattern of transmission and the resources of the country. There must exist a well organized public health infrastructure. Since a control programme is of necessity on a longterm basis and continuity in its implementation is essential. An investigation should be made on the prevalence of the diseases and its relationships to irrigation engineering, freshwater ecology, agricultural methods, hydro-electric schemes, and the development of communities in affected areas. In conclusion, however. the control of clonorchiasis and paragonimiasis in Korea is not an impossible task. A combination of efforts with major emphasis on health education and mass chemotherapy coupled with governmental aid in enforcing legislative public health measures could reduce the diseases. Health education in particular attempts following four things: (a) It supplies a person with enough general knowledge about a disease to make the preventive measures. (b) It makes a person feel sufficiently about the importance of his own health to make him alter his behavior and adopt these preventive measure. (c) It makes him concerned for the health others. (d) It tries to make him feel so strongly about the first three that be supports and even initiates preventive action by the community. Educational efforts should be directed primarily toward school children because it is during the early years that most persons become infected, and also because children are less entrenched in their food habits so that, the educational process should be involved at various levels in successive changes of knowledge, attitude, beha viour, habit and custom of their lives. The most parasitic endemic diseases are related to community diseases. In caring for a sick community. the first stage is to gather epidemiological data, the next is to make inferences from it-to make the community diagnosis. The third is to prescribe community treatment or community health action part of a community health action programme. The community health action is the sum of the steps decided upon to remedy the critical features revealed by the community diagnosis. Action takes various forms; health education is the most important.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2017

목 적: 고주파 온열암 치료에 의한 부작용 중에서 가장 주의하여할 것 중의 하나는 피부에 나타날 수 있는 화상이다. 특히 배꼽처럼 요철이 있는 부위에는 환자가 느끼는 열감이 크기 때문에 치료를 중단하는 경우가 발생한다. 이에 배꼽부위의 요철을 상쇄시키기 위한 보상체를 제작하고 온도 및 열감을 감소시키고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 고주파 온열암 치료기(EHY-2000, Oncotherm Kft, Hungary)를 이용하여 본원에서 치료받은 환자를 대상으로 배꼽을 중심으로 4개 부위(배꼽 속, 배꼽 바로 옆, 배꼽아래 5 cm 지점, 등)의 온도를 5회에 걸쳐 측정하였다. 온도계(TM-100, Oncotherm Kft, Hungary)를 4개의 부위에 부착하고 치료 전, 치료 후 5분, 15분, 25분, 35분, 50분의 온도를 측정하였다. 이때 사용한 보상체는 바셀린, 볼루스, 레진으로 각각 같은 방법으로 측정하였다. 결 과: 일반적 치료 시 배꼽 속 온도변화는 평균 34.65도에서 42.9도로 변화하였다. 배꼽 바로 옆은 32.20도에서 37.00도까지 변화하였으며 배꼽아래는 31.90도에서 34.41도로 변화하여 배꼽속의 온도변화가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 배꼽 속에 보상체 물질을 삽입한 경우의 배꼽 속 온도변화는 볼루스가 5.42도, 바세린이 6.55도, 레진이 6.83도로 측정되었다. 온도상승 검증을 위한 귀무가설의 유의확률은 각각 0.0108, 0.034, 0.019로 기각되었다. 결 론: 고주파 온열암 치료 시 환자가 느끼는 열감은 치료의 중단을 가져올 수도 있는 중요한 인자로서 배꼽과 같은 요철부위에 보상체를 사용 시 열감을 줄일 수 있었다. 보상체는 개인마다 요철의 모양이 다르기 때문에 맞춤제작이 가능한 레진이 유리하며, 온도를 낮출 뿐 아니라 환자가 느끼는 열감 또한 상당히 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 추후 열전달 모델의 개발이 가능하다면 치료 시 나타나는 열감을 줄이며 보다 정확하고 편안한 치료를 제공 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.166-172
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 우선, 농작물의 생육 및 환경관련 데이터를 활용하여 온실의 최적 환경 구현을 위한 시스템을 선정하고 생산성 향상에 대한 연구에 앞서 현재 국내에 보급되어 있는 스마트 온실의 실태를 파악하기 위하여 7가지의 유형별 스마트 온실 농가를 대상으로 현장조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 현장에서 전하는 유형별 스마트 팜 선도 사례의 주목적을 보면, 지능형이나 첨단형 정도가 스마트 팜에 가까운 것으로 판단되었다. 연령대를 보면, 상대적으로 40대 및 60대가 가장 많았지만, 50대 이하가 21개 농가로서 전체의 약 70.0%정도를 차지하였고, 재배경력은 10년 이하가 가장 많았다. 온실의 형태로는 1-2W형이 전체의 50.0%정도이고, 연동형이 전체의 80.0%정도로서 24개 농가였다. 재배작물의 경우, 화훼류는 3개 농가뿐이고, 나머지 농가는 채소류 중에서도 과채류만 재배하는 것으로 나타났다. 과채류 중에서도 상대적으로 토마토와 파프리카가 전체 중에 약 63.6%를 차지하였다. 제어시스템은 약 77.4%정도인 24개 농가가 국산제품을 사용하고 있었다. 제어시스템의 제어방식의 경우, 3개 농가는 제어패널만을 사용하여 온습도 등을 조절하였고 나머지 농가는 패널과 컴퓨터에 의한 디지털 제어방식이었다. 디지털 제어의 경우, 휴대폰을 통한 애플리케이션으로 원격조절도 가능하게 설계되어 있고, 대부분 농가에 CCTV도 설치되어 있었다. 계측 및 조절 대상 환경인자는 온도를 포함하여 9개 정도이며, 온도는 전체 조사대상 농가가 계측하고 있었지만, 환기 및 공기유동 팬이나 탄산가스 농도 등의 경우는 다른 인자에 비해 상대적으로 낮았다. 난방시스템의 경우, 대상 농가 중에 46.7%가 전기보일러를 사용하는 것으로 조사되었다. 이 외에도 온수보일러, 히트펌프 및 등유보일러 등으로 나타났다. 제어시스템에 투자한 규모의 경우, 1,000만 원에서 1억원까지로 투자규모가 농가마다 다르게 나타났다.