• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.317-323
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• 2017

In this study, the heating performance and the energy saving effect of the heat pump system using hot waste water(waste heat) of the thermal power plant discharged from a thermal power plant to the sea were analyzed. The greenhouse area was $5,280m^2$ and scale of the heat pump system was 120 RT(Refrigeration Ton), which was divided into 30 RT, 40 RT and 50 RT. The heat pump system consisted of the roll type heat exchangers, hot waste water transfer pipes, heat pumps(30, 40, 50 RT), a heat storage tank and fan coil units. The roll type heat exchangers was made of PE(Poly Ethylene) pipes in consideration of low cost and durability against corrosion, because hot waste water(sea water) is highly corrosive. And the heating period was 5 months from October to February. During the heating performance test(12 hours), the inlet water temperature of evaporator was changed from $32^{\circ}C$ to $26^{\circ}C$, and heat absorption of he evaporator was changed from 175 kW to 120 kW. The inlet water temperature of the condenser rose linearly from $15^{\circ}C$ to $50^{\circ}C$, and the heat release of condenser was reduced by 40 kW from 200 kW to 160 kW. And the power consumption of the heat pump system increased from 30 kW to 42 kW. When the inlet water temperature of condenser was $15^{\circ}C$, the heating COP(Coefficient Of Performance) was over 7.0. When it was $30^{\circ}C$, it dropped to 5.0, and when it was above $40^{\circ}C$, it decreased to less than 4.0. It was analyzed that the reduction of heating energy cost was 87% when compared to the duty free diesel that the carbon dioxide emission reduction effect was 62% by recycling the waste heat of the thermal power plant as a heat source of the heat pump system.

• Solar Energy
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.23-32
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• 1998

Fuel cells supply electric power and heat at work, and their exhaust gas is comparatively clear. So they are in the limelight as one of the co-generation systems which behave friendly with the environment. Fuel cells discharge both steam and hot water. Accordingly, if we combine absorption heat pump driven by waste heat with fuel cells, we can construct an advanced energy conserving system. The purpose of this study is the objective for evaluating the possibilities of effectively utilizing waste heat of fuel cells as a heat source for the single and double effect absorption systems. Simulation studies on single and double effect absorption have been performed for water/lithium-bromide pair. The effectiveness of introducing a waste heat source of fuel cells is demonstrated. The result of this study showed that total efficiency was about 85% at rated operation and about 75% at 75% load operation. Absorption cycle moved to more strong concentration when fuel cell operated at 75% load.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.6
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• pp.168-176
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• 1998

A simulation study was conducted to use city-water which is thermally regulated by unused energy as a heat source for urban dwellings. This study utilized multiple heat pump system using the city-water as a heat source and suggested a method of reducing the heat load of hot water supply. The simulation was done to calculate the energy savings at a dwelling for a year. The relation between the controlled temperature of city-water. and electric energy in all seasons was also investigated. Furthermore, it has been found that the controlled water system can lead to considerable energy savings and decrease environmental load such as sensible waste heat which otherwise would form heat islands.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.272-278
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• 2009

The characteristics of hybrid type absorption chiller are studied numerically to use a waste hot water effectively. In the case of the full load, the concentration and temperature of LiBr solution are increase about $11^{\circ}C$, 1.3% respectively at the single effect generator by hot water. As a result, the heat of the high temperature generator are decrease, so the energy can be saved. As the partial load decreased the consumption ratio of fuels are decreased and the reduction ratio of fuels are increased. The variation of COP with the inlet temperature of hot water is higher than that of the flow rate of hot water. The effect of mean temperature difference with solution and hot water of the generator are higher that of flow rate of hot water, it can effect on COP which is sensitive to heat of generator.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.285-290
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• 2001

To utilize canned oyster processing waste water effectively, this study was carried out to prepare instant powdered soup using the waste water (IPSW), Instant powdered souu from oyster hot-water extracts (IPSE) was prepared by mixing hot-water extracts powder (15 g) with table salt (5 g), cream powder (19 g), milk replacer (12 g), wheat flour (20 g), corn flour (15 g), starch (5 g), glucose (7.5 g) and onion powder (1.5 g). In preparing IPSW, mixed powder from wash water and boiling liquid waste, instead of powder from hot-water extracts and table salt, was added (powder from boiling liquid waste: powder from wash water= 12: 8) and other additives were added in proportion to those in the IPSE, The IPSW consists mainly of carbohydrates (about $72\%$). It was not different from the IPSE. The volatile basic nitrogen, viable cell counts, coliform group of the IPSW contains 33.4 mg/100g, $2.2\times10^4CFU/g$, <180 MPN/100g, respectively, and its water activity has 0.257. So it was a hygienically safe and conservable instant food. The main fatty acids of IPSW were 16: 0 and 18: 1n-9. Its chemical score of protein was $61.4\%$ and its main inorganic matter was iron. According to a sensual evaluation, in contrast to the IPSE, the IPSW had a bit lower aroma but better taste, It was concluded from the above chemical and sensory evaluation that even the boiling liquid waste which had been mostly abandoned because of its high table salt content can be used as a good material for instant powdered soup if it's powdered and mixed adequately with powder from wash water, and its table salt content is properly adjusted.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1092-1101
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• 2002

The objective of this study is to develop energy saving strategies for indoor swimming pools and to estimate the effect of each energy saving strategy. For this purpose, field measurements regarding pool water heating energy, domestic hot water heating energy are conducted and a base energy consumption model is implemented using the DOE-2.1E program. The results of the study reveal that 25% of the total pool water heating energy may be saved by using night time pool covers, 27% of the total domestic hot water heating energy may be saved by using a waste water heat recovery system (effic. 60%), and of the total ventilation energy may be saved using an exhaust air heat recovery system (effic. 60%).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.534-539
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• 2001

To utilize oyster cannery processing waste water effectively, this study was carried out to prepare instant powdered soup using oyster wash water. Instant powdered soup from oyster hot-water extracts (HWE) was prepared by mixing oyster spray-dried hot-water extracts (15 g) with table salt (5 g), cream powder (19 g), milk replacer (12 g), wheat flour (20 g), corn flour (15 g), starch (5 g), glucose (7.5 g) and onion powder (1.5 g). In preparing instant powdered soup from oyster wash water (OWW), powder from oyster spray-dried wash water instead of the spray-dried hot water extracts, was added and other additives were added in proportion to those in the HWE. The OWW consists mainly of carbohydrates (71.1%). It was not different from the instant powdered soup from hot-water extracts. The volatile basic nitrogen, vaible cell counts, coliform group of instant powdered soup from oyster wash water contains 29.4 mg/100g, $4.6{\times}10^4\;CFU/g$, <18 MPN/100g, respectively and its water activity has 0.246. So it was a hygienically safe and conservable instant food. The main fatty acid of OWW was 16 : 0 and 18 : 1n-9. Its chemical score of protein was 59.4% and its main inorganic matter was iron. According to a sensory evaluation, in contrast to the HWE, the OWW had a slightly lower aroma but better taste. It was concluded from the above chemical and sensual evaluation that the oyster wash water can be used as a flavor enhancer for instant powdered soup.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.71-75
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• 2009

Cotton waste is usually used for cultivating agaric mushroom after outdoor fermentation for a few months. Electron beam was used to break down the polymer chaims of cotton waste for increasing low molecular weight soluble sugars, which may enhance the agaric mushroom cultivation. By increasing electron beam radiation, alpha cellulose content of the cotton waste was decreased while beta cellulose content and hot water solubles were increased. Electron beam radiation over 240 kGy on cotton waste caused significant increase of mushroom yield without lowering mushroom quality.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.285-292
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• 1985

A computer program for thermal design analysis has been developed to predict the performance of an absorption heat transformer. The effects of temperature boost, cooling water temperature and effectiveness of components on the performance were investigated. Not only the detailed thermodynamic states such as temperatures, concentration of the solution, and mass flow rate at each point of the process but also the heat transfer rate in each component could be easily determined with given input parameters. The system's coefficient of performance (COP) was seen to increase with increased effectiveness of components, decreased temperature boost of hot water, and decreased cooling water temperature. Even though the COP increases with increased effectiveness of the components, the variation in the COP is not substantial above certain values of the effectiveness. A reference design point can be selected on this basis.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.96-104
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• 1997

The objective of this research project was to develop the wooden footpath block to reuse of wood waste. Some physical and mechanical properties of the wooden block such as water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of rupture, internal bond, density profile and impact resistance were studied. Water absorption and thickness swelling of the wooden block were greatly reduced when the wooden block was pressed inside the forming device than by conventional hot pressing. Also, Modulus of rupture and internal bond of the wooden block were increased greatly when the pressing was completed inside the forming device. The density profile of the wooden block was improved up to 93.5%, minimum to average density ratio. The wooden block manufactured in this study have excellent physical and mechanical prperties in comparison with existing wood based materials. So, these wooden blocks are applicable to footpth block or other exterior members.