• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.18 no.9
• /
• pp.1290-1298
• /
• 2008

Tricholoma matsutake, one of edible and medicinal mushroom belonging to Tricholomaceae of Agaricales, has been known to contain some curing effect on gastric cancer and ulcer, and inhibitory effect on sarcoma 180 and Ehrlich sarcoma. Neutral salt soluble (0.9% NaCl), hot water soluble and methanol soluble substances (hereinafter referred to Fr. NaCl, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH, respectively) were extracted from fruiting body of the mushroom. In vitro cytotoxicity tests, crude polysaccharides were not cytotoxic against cancer cell lines such as Sarcoma 180, HepG2, HT29 and NIH3T3 at the concentration of 2.0 mg/ml. Intraperitoneal injection with crude polysaccharides showed life prolongation effect of 23.4$\sim$37.2% in mice previously inoculated with Sarcoma 180. Fr. MeOH and Fr. HW exhibited the immuno-potentiating activity of B lymphocyte by increasing the alkaline phosphatase activity by 2.2$\sim$11.9 folds compared with control at the concentration of 0.2$\sim$0.5 mg/ml. In case of Fr. NaCl, the numbers of peritoneal exudate cells and circulating leukocytes were increased by 6.0 and 1.5 folds at the concentration of 50 mg/kg, respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that crude polysaccharides extracted from fruiting body of Tricholoma matsutake showed antitumor and immuno-potentiating activity against Sarcoma 180 of mouse.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.1407-1412
• /
• 2012

Background & Objectives: Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both sexes in Iran. This study was designed to assess upper GI endoscopic findings among people > 50 years targeted in a mass screening program in a hot-point region. Methods: Based on the pilot results in Guilan Cancer Registry study (GCRS), one of the high point regions for GC-Lashtenesha- was selected. The target population was called mainly using two methods: in rural regions, by house-house direct referral and in urban areas using public media. Upper GI endoscopy was performed by trained endoscopists. All participants underwent biopsies for rapid urea test (RUT) from the antrum and also further biopsies from five defined points of stomach for detection of precancerous lesions. In cases of visible gross lesions, more diagnostic biopsies were taken and submitted for histopathologic evaluation. Results: Of 1,394 initial participants, finally 1,382 persons (702 women, 680 men) with a mean age of $61.7{\pm}9.0$ years (range: 50-87 years) underwent upper GI endoscopy. H. pylori infection based on the RUT was positive in 66.6%. Gastric adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus were detected in seven (0.5%) and one (0.07%) persons, respectively. A remarkable proportion of studied participants were found to have esophageal hiatal hernia (38.4%). Asymptomatic gastric masses found in 1.1% (15) of cases which were mostly located in antrum (33.3%), cardia (20.0%) and prepyloric area (20.0%). Gastric and duodenal ulcers were found in 5.9% (82) and 6.9% (96) of the screened population. Conclusion: Upper endoscopy screening is an effective technique for early detection of GC especially in high risk populations. Further studies are required to evaluate cost effectiveness, cost benefit and mortality and morbidity of this method among high and moderate risk population before recommending this method for the GC surveillance program at the national level.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.263-271
• /
• 1999

We checked the presence of phospholipase $A_2(PLA)_2$ which could split the ester bond at the position 2 in the glycerol backbone of glycerophospholipids, in the cells of hyperthermophiles of Pyrococcus horikoshii and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. The results obtained are as follows; (1). Pyrococcus horikoshii cells were grown in obligate anaerobic conditions at $95^{\circ}C$ and they needed sulfur as energy source instead of oxygen, while Sulfolobus acidocaldarius species grew well in the aerobic medium (pH 2.5) containing yeast and sucrose at $75^{\circ}C$. (2). Pyrococcus horikoshii cells produced phospholipase $A_2$ in the cell culture media although this species did not show lipase activity at least in the pH range of 1.5 ${\sim}$ 3.5. Sulfolobus acidocaldarius cells produced lipase hydrolyzing triacylglycerols such as triolein, but did not split any kind of phospholipids used as substates. (3). The compound of 1-decanoyl-2-(p-nitrophenylglutaryl) phosphatidylcholine was not suitable for a substrate in this experiment, though frequently used as a subtrate for checking presence of phospholipase $A_2$, for its decomposi-tion in this experiment. The L-${\alpha}$-phosphatidylcholine-${\beta}$-[N-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol]aminohexanoyl-${\gamma}$-hexadecanoyl labelled with a fluorescent material, did not show any migration of acyl chains in the molecule during the reaction with phospholipase $A_2$ under a hot condition. (4). Phospholipase $A_2$ in the cells of Pyrococcus horikoshii, showed the optimum activity at $pH6.7{\sim}7.2$ and $95{\sim}105^{\circ}C$, respectively, and was activated by addition of calcium chloride solution. Andthe phospholipase $A_2$ specifically hydrolyzed glycero-phospholipids such as phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine and phosphatidyl inositol, but could not split phospholipid containing ether bonds in the molecule such as DL -${\alpha}$-phosphatidylcholine-${\beta}$-palmitoyl-${\gamma}$-O-hexadecyl, DL-${\alpha}$-phosphati- dylcholine-${\beta}$- oleoyl-${\gamma}$-O-hexadecyl, DL-phosphatidylcholine-dihexadecyl.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.524-528
• /
• 2000

Effect of food additives on the heat sensitivity of listeria monocytogenes H-12 inoculated into Pollack surimi was investigated and also confirmed the effectiveness of various decontamination method such as tap water washing, chlorination, ultraviolet irradiation and heat treatment haying been applied on cooking utensils. Food additives such as polyphosphate, chitosan, and potassium sorbate increased heat sensitivity of t monocytogenes H-12 and polyphosphate showed the strongest synergistic effect. The tested strain was not detected from stainless steel and plastic cutting board contaminated with $10^4{\~}10^5/cm^2$ of L monocytogenes H-12 after tap water washing for 10 seconds or 1 minute, but washing effect was not found in wooden cutting board. The chlorination of stainless steel and plastic cutting board for 10 seconds with $5{\~}50 ppm$ solution eliminated all cells of the contaminated strain, however any change of the viable cell count was not observed in the chlorination of wooden cutting board, W irradiation on stainless steel and plastic cutting board for 5 minutes with 15 W above 30 cm eliminated the contaminated strain, but the tested strain was still found after 60 seconds of irradiation on wooden cutting board. The treatment of hot water on all used cutting boards for 10 seconds at $70^{\circ}C$ resulted in complete loss of viability of the contaminated strain.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.238-242
• /
• 2014

In this study, the immunomodulatory activities of crude polysaccharides from makgeolli were investigated. Crude polysaccahrides from makgeolli (RWW) were isolated by hot water extraction ($100^{\circ}C$, 30 min), ethanol precipitation (four volumes of 95% ethanol), dialysis (MWCO: 6,000~8,000), and lyophilization. The major constituents in RWW were neutral sugar (87.3%), uronic acid (2.5%), and protein (10.2%). RWW showed potent anti-complementary activity as well as increased cell proliferation of RAW 264.7 macrophages. The immunomodulatory effects of RWW were also analyzed based on cytokine production of macrophages. Macrophages stimulated with RWW produced cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ in a dose-dependent manner. These data indicate that RWW may have immunomodulatory effects through activation of the complement system and macrophages, which are a part of natural immunity.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.181-188
• /
• 2012

This study was initiated in order to investigate the anticancer and immunomodulating activities of crude polysaccharides extracted in methanol, neutral saline, and hot water (hereinafter referred to as Fr. MeOH, Fr. NaCl, and Fr. HW, respectively) from the fruiting bodies of Panellus serotinus. Content of ${\beta}$-glucan and protein in Fr. MeOH, Fr. NaCl, and Fr. HW extracts of P. serotinus ranged from 22.92~28.52 g/100 g and 3.24~3.68 g/100 g, respectively. In vitro cytotoxicity tests, none of the various fractions of crude polysaccharides were cytotoxic against sarcoma 180, HT-29, NIH3T3, and RAW 264.7 cell lines at the tested concentration. Intraperitoneal injection with crude polysaccharides resulted in a life prolongation effect of 23.53~44.71% in mice previously inoculated with sarcoma 180. Treatment with Fr. HW resulted in an increase in the numbers of spleen cells by 1.3 fold at the concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$ compared with control. Treatment with Fr. NaCl resulted in improvement of the immuno-potentiating activity of B lymphocytes by increasing the alkaline phosphatase activity by 1.4 fold, compared with control, at the concentration of $200{\mu}g/mL$. Among the three fractions, maximum nitric oxide ($13.48{\mu}M$) was recorded at $500{\mu}g/mL$ in Fr. HW. Production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-$1{\beta}$, and interleukin-6 was significantly higher, compared to the positive control, concanavalin A, at the tested concentration. Therefore, treatment with crude polysaccharides extracted from the fruiting body of P. serotinus could result in improvement of antitumor activity.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.475-482
• /
• 2014

This study was indicated to enhance the anti-inflammation activities by the fermentation of the fruits of Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott. The extracts by 70% ethanol (EE) showed better biological activities than those by hot water (WE) from campared result of the effect of extraction solvents. Then, the extract from 70% ethanol extraction was further fermented by lactic acid, denoted as FEE. For antioxidant activities, the FEE had showed the highest value as 0.832 of reducing powder, in comparison with those of EE and WE. Cytotoxicity of the water extraction (WE) was measured for 12.06% in addition of $1.0mg/m{\ell}$ of FEE. For anti-inflammation activities, NO production from the macrophage, RAW 264.7 was observed as $7.24{\mu}M$ and $8.52{\mu}M$ from FEE and EE, respectively. Prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production from human fibroblast cell, CCD-986sk, was also estimated for $152pg/m{\ell}$ in addition of $1.0mg/m{\ell}$ of the FEE. The lowest production of both IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ were $3.5pg/m{\ell}$ and $865.5pg/m{\ell}$, respectively in addition of $1.0mg/m{\ell}$ of the FEE, whereas $74.5pg/m{\ell}$ and $982.4pg/m{\ell}$ in treated with same concenrations of the EE. It was also found that the FEE was higher amounts than other extracts through HPLC analysis of the anthocyanins. These results strongly indicate that fermentation process of the lactic acid could enhance anti-inflammation activities of extracts by increasing the amounts of the anthocyanins, especially cyanidin-galactoside. Our results suggest that the application of the fermentation process for other medicinal herbs can be improved their biological activities.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.164-168
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to confirm the content of total polyphenol, antioxidative and immune activities of the extracts of Cedrela sinensis leaf. The content of total polyphenol of water extracts ranged from 46.5-59.6 mg/100 g, which was higher than other extracts using organic solvents such as EtOAc, $CH_2Cl_2$ and $C_6H_{14}$. The antioxidant activity of the water and organic solvents extracts showed 6-33% in terms of 2,2-diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. To analyze the immuno-stimulation activity of C. sinensis leaf extract, we investigated the effect of the extracts on NO synthesis which is important in host defense against bacterial infection. Hot water extracts significantly increased NO generation by RAW 264.7, macrophage cell line, while organic solvent extract has no significant effect on NO production. To further analyzed the anti-inflammatory effect of the extracts, we investigated the effects of the extracts on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced NO generation. Organic solvent extracts of C. sinensis leaves showed strong inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. These results suggest that C. sinensis leaf extract may represent a useful immune stimulating agent and anti-inflammatory agent.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.443-449
• /
• 2014

To check the characteristics of nuclear fuels during an irradiation test, the nuclear fuel rod needs to be disassembled from the test rig located in the pool of the research reactor. Then, the disassembled fuel rod is delivered to the hot cell for intermediate examination. A fuel rod that passes the intermediate examination is delivered to the reactor pool to be reassembled into the test rig. The irradiation test is resumed with the reassembled test rig. Because nuclear fuel rods irradiated by neutrons are highly radioactive, all the disassembly and reassembly processes should be carried out in the pool of the research reactor to prevent operators being exposed to radiation. In particular, because a test rig is 5.4-m long and the reactor pool of HANARO is 6-m deep, special tools need to be developed for performing the disassembly and reassembly processes. In this study, a new assembly design of nuclear fuel rods for intermediate examination is introduced. Furthermore, tools for treating the irradiated fuel rod assembly are introduced, and their performance is verified by an out pile test.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.363-370
• /
• 1988

An attempt was made in this study to investigate the possibility of processing oyster and sea mussel into an intermediate moisture food. To obtain a palatable and instant product, shucked samples were heated in soy sauce for 5 min., heated in seasoning solution for 10 min., and then dried by the method of hot-air blowing for 4-6 hours at $40^{\circ}C$. Optimum seasoning solutions consisted of 2% monosodium glutamate, 3.5% sodium chloride, 15% sorbitol, 2% propylene glycol, 5% glycine and 0.02% rosemary oleoresin in 72.48% water. Judging from water activity, thiobarbituric acid, viable cell count, volatile basic nitrogen, surface color and sensory evaluation, vacuum-packaging method in nylon/PE $(20{\mu}m/40{\mu}m)$ or polyester/viniliden chloride/polypropylene $(12{\mu}m/15{\mu}m/50{\mu}m)$ film bag did hardly damage to the quality of intermediate moisture products, but air-packaging method in polyethylene(0.06m/m) bag did considerable damage to the quality during storage for 60 days in an incubator with 49-51% relative humidity at $30^{\circ}C$.