• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2011

단결정 성장을 위한 $MgGa_2Se_4$ 다결정은 수평 전기로에서 합성하였으며, 결정구조는 rhombohedral이고 격자상수 $a_0$는 3.953 ${\AA}$, $c_0$는 38.890 ${\AA}$였다. $MgGa_2Se_4$ 단결정박막은 HWE(Hot Wall Epitaxy) 방법으로 반절연성 GaAs(100)기판에 성장시켰다. 단결정박막의 성장 조건은 증발원의 온도 $610^{\circ}C$, 기판의 온도 $400^{\circ}C$에서 진행되었으며 성장 속도는 0.5 ${\mu}m/h$였다. 단결정박막의 결정성은 이중 결정 x-선 회절곡선의 반폭치와 X-선 회절무늬의 ${\omega}-2{\theta}$로부터 구하여 최적 성장 조건을 알 수 있었다. Hall 효과는 van der Pauw 방법에 의해 측정되었으며, 온도에 의존하는 운반자 농도와 이동도는 293 K에서 각각 $6.21{\times}10^{18}/cm^3$, 248 $cm^2/v{\cdot}s$였다. $MgGa_2Se_4$/SI(Semi-Insulated) GaAs(100) 단결정 박막의 광흡수 스펙트럼을 10 K에서 293 K까지 측정하였다. 광흡수 스펙트럼으로부터 구한 에너지 갭 $E_g(T)$는 varshni 공식 $E_g(T)=E_g(0)=({\alpha}T^2/T+{\beta})$을 잘 만족함을 알 수 있었다. 여기서 $E_g(0)=2.34\;eV$, ${\alpha}=8.81{\times}10^{-4}\;eV/K$, ${\beta}=251\;K$였다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2016

Purpose: In this study, we evaluate the annual energy performance of the detached house which was designed with the aim of zero energy. Method: The experimental house which was constructed in Gonju Chungnam in 2013, is the single family detached house of light weight wood frame with $100m^2$ of heating area. Thermal transmittance of roof (by ISO 10211) and building external walls are designed as $0.10W/m^2K$ and $0.14W/m^2$ respectively and low-e coating vacuum window glazing with PVC frame was installed. Also grid connected PV system and natural-circulation solar water heater was applied and 6kWp capacity of photovoltaic module was installed in pitched roof and $5m^2$ of solar collector in vertical wall facing the south. We analyzed the 2014 annual data of the detached house in which residents were actually living, measured though web-based remote monitoring system. Result: First, as a result, total annual energy consumption and energy production (PV generation and solar hot water) are 7,919kWh and 7,689kWh respectively and the rate of energy independence is 97.1% which is almost close to the zero energy. Second, plug load and hot water of energy consumption by category showed the highest numbers each with 33% and 31%, with following space heating 24%, electric cooker 8%, lighting 3% in order. Hot water supply is relatively higher than space heating because high insulation makes it decreased.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.2681-2692
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• 1996

The finite-volume method for radiation in a three-dimensional non-orthogonal gas turbine combustion chamber with absorbing, emitting and anisotropically scattering medium is presented. The governing radiative transfer equation and its discretization equation using the step scheme are examined, while geometric relations which transform the Cartesian coordinate to a general body-fitted coordinate are provided to close the finite-volume formulation. The scattering phase function is modeled by a Legendre polynomial series. After a benchmark solution for three-dimensional rectangular combustor is obtained to validate the present formulation, a problem in three-dimensional non-orthogonal gas turbine combustor is investigated by changing such parameters as scattering albedo, scattering phase function and optical thickness. Heat flux in case of isotropic scattering is the same as that of non-scattering with specified heat generation in the medium. Forward scattering is found to produce higher radiative heat flux at hot and cold wall than backward scattering and optical thickness is also shown to play an important role in the problem. Results show that finite-volume method for radiation works well in orthogonal and non-orthogonal systems.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.366-376
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• 1997

수평 전기로에서 $CdGa_2Se_4$ 다결정을 합성하여 HEW 방법으로 $CdGa_2Se_4$ 박막을 성장하였다. $CdGa_2Se_4$ 박막 성장은 증발원과 기판의 온도를 각각 $580^{\circ}C$, $420^{\circ}C$로 성장하였을 때 이중 요동곡선(DCRC)의 반폭치(FWHM)값이 162 arcsec로 가장 작아 최적 성장조건이었으며, 성장된 박막의 두께는 3 $\mu \textrm{m}$ 였다. Van der Pauw 방법으로 Hall 쵸과를 측정하여 운반자 농도와 이동도의 온도의존성을 연구하였으며, 이동도는 30 K에서 200 K까지는 piezoelectric 산란에 기인하고, 200 K에서 293 K까지는 polaroptical 산란에 의하여 감소하였다. 광전도 셀의 특성으로 spectral response, 최대 허용 소비전력(MAPD), 광전류와 암전류(pc/dc) 및 응답시간을 측정하였다. Se 분위기에서 열처리한 광전도 셀의 경우 $\gamma$=0.98, pc/dc=$9.62{\times}10^6$ MAPD : 321 ㎽, rise time : 9 ㎳, decay time : 9.5 ㎳로 가장 좋은 특성을 얻었다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.341-350
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• 1996

HWE 방법으로 CdS 박막을 quartz plate 위에 성장하였다. CdS 박막을 성장할 때 증발원과 기판의 온도를 각각 $590^{\circ}C$, $400^{\circ}C$로 하였고 성장된 두께는 $2.5\;\mu\textrm{m}$였다. 성장된 CdS 박막의 X-선 회절 무늬로부터 외삽법에 의해 구한 a와 c는 각각 $4.137\;{\AA}$과 $6.713\;{\AA}$인 육방정계임을 알았다. Van der Pauw 방법으로 Hall 효과를 측정하여 운반자 농도와 이동도의 온도 의존성을 연구하였다. 이동도는 30 K에서 200 K까지는 piezoelectric 산란에 기인하고, 200 K에서 293 K까지는 polar optical 산란에 의하여 감소하였다. 광전도 셀의 특성으로 spectral response, 최대 허용 소비전력 (MAPD), 광전류와 암전류비 (pc/dc), 및 응답시간을 측정하였다. Cu 증기 분위기에서 열처리한 광전도 셀의 경우 ${\gamma}=0.99,\;pc/dc=9.42{\times}10^{6}$, MAPD : 318 mW, rise time 10 ms, decay time 9 ms로 가장 좋은 광전도 특성을 얻었다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.687-690
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• 2002

Multimode boundary-layer transition on a NACA0012 airfoil is experimentally investigated under periodically passing wakes and the moderate level of free-stream turbulence. The periodic wakes are generated by rotating circular cylinders clockwise or counterclockwise around the airfoil. The free-stream turbulence is produced by a grid upstream of the rotating cylinder, and its intensity(Tu) at the leading edge of the airfoil is $0.5\;or\;3.5\;{\%}$. The Reynolds number ($Re_c$) based on chord length (C) of the alrfoil is $2.0{\times}10^5$, and Strouhal number ($St_c$) of the passing wake is about 0.7. Time- and phase-averaged streamwise mean velocities and turbulence fluctuations are measured with a single hot-wire probe, and especially, the corresponding wall skin friction is evaluated using a computational Preston tube method. The wake-passing orientation changes pressure distribution on the airfoil in a different manner irrespective of the free-stream turbulence. Regardless of free-stream turbulence level, turbulent patches for the receding wakes propagate more rapidly than those for the approaching wake because adverse pressure gradient becomes larger. The patch under the high free-stream turbulence ($Tu=3.5{\%}$) grows more greatly in laminar-like regions compared with that under the low background turbulence ($Tu=0.5{\%}$) in laminar regions. The former, however, does not greatly change the original turbulence level in the very near-wall region while the latter does it. At further downstream, the former interacts vigorously with high environmental turbulence inside the pre-existing transitional boundary layer and gradually lose his identification, whereas the latter keep growing in the laminar boundary layer. The calmed region is more clearly observed under the lower free-stream turbulence level and for the receding wakes. The calmed region delays the breakdown further downstream and stabilizes more the boundary layer.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.149-153
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• 1984

Postoperative radiotherapy of breast cancer makes it possible to reduce loco-regional recurrence of breast cancer. The treatment technique, which can reduce the low-dose region at the junction and lung, is required. To produce proper dose distribution of internal mammary chain and chest wall, authors tried to find the method to expose $^{60}Co\;\gamma-ray$ on internal mammary region and 7MeV electron on chest wall. Exposure time of $^{60}Co\;\gamma$ and monitor unit of 9MeV were selected so that dose of $^{60}Co$ at 4cm depth was the same as that of 7Mev electron at $80\%$ dose depth. The position and direction of electron beam were changed for $^{60}Co$ beam: $0^{\circ},\;5^{\circ}$ for 0cm seperation; $0^{\circ},\;5^{\circ},\;10^{\circ}$ for 0.5cm seperation; $5^{\circ},\;10^{\circ},\;15^{\circ}$ for 1cm seperation. The results are as followings. 1. When the seperation of two fields was increased, dose on the axis of $^{60}Co$ beam was increased and dose at the junction region decreased while the volume of lung to be exposed to high dose and hot spot size were irregularly changed. 2. The dose distribution in the target volume of internal mammary and chest wall was most ideal when the seperation of two fields was $0\~0.5cm$ and the direction of electron beam was parallel to $^{60}Co$ beam.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.921-928
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• 2006

Wake-induced boundary-layer transition on a NACA0012 airfoil with zero angle of attack is experimentally investigated in periodically passing wakes under the moderate level of free-stream turbulence. The periodic wakes are generated by rotating circular cylinders clockwise or counterclockwise around the airfoil. The free-stream turbulence is produced by a grid upstream of the rotating cylinder, and its intensities $(Tu_{\infty})$ at the leading edge of the airfoil are 0.5 and 3.5%, respectively. The Reynolds number (Rec) based on chord length (C) of the airfoil is $2.0{\times}10^5$, and Strouhal number (Stc) of the passing wake is about 1.4. Time- and phase-averaged streamwise mean velocities and turbulence fluctuations are measured with a single hot-wire probe, and especially, the corresponding wall skin friction is evaluated using a computational Preston tube method. The patch under the high free-stream turbulence $(Tu_{\infty}=3.5%)$ grows more greatly in laminar-like regions compared with that under the low turbulence $(Tu_{\infty}=0.5%)$ in laminar regions. The former, however, does not greatly change the turbulence level in very near-wall region while the latter does it. At further downstream, the former interacts vigorously with high environmental turbulence inside the pre-existing transitional boundary layer and gradually loses its identification, whereas the latter keeps growing in the laminar boundary layer. The calmed region is more clearly observed under the lower free-stream turbulence level and with the receding wakes.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.46-46
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• 2009

The photoconductive $AgGaSe_2$(AGS) layers were grown by the hot wall epitaxy method. The AGS layer was confirmed to be the epitaxially grown layer along the <112> direction onto the GaAs(100) substrate. The band-gap variation as a function of temperature on AGS was well fitted by $E_8(T)=1.9501-8.37{\times}10^{-4}T^2/(T+224)$. The band-gap energy of AGS obtained at 293 K was determined to be 1.8111 eV.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집E
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• pp.708-713
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• 2001

The paper presented some results of a experimental study of natural convection in partitioned 2D square enclosure. The square enclosure consist of two adiabatic vertical walls and the upper cold and the lower hot walls. A partition is positioned perpendicularly at the center of left vertical insulated wall The PIV mesaurements were performed with the variations of the partition length and inclination of enclosure. The working fluid is water with a Prandtl number of 6.996 at $20^{\circ}C$ temperature. A captured images were calculated by using a Cross-Correlation(Multi-frame/Single-exposure) method.