• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.221-230
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• 2016

To establish objective criteria for high pedestrian accident zones, we combined Getis-ord Gi* and Kernel Density Estimation to select high pedestrian accident zones for 54,208 pedestrian accidents in Seoul from 2009 to 2013. By applying Getis-ord Gi* and considering spatial patterns where pedestrian accident hot spots were clustered, this study identified high pedestrian accident zones. The research examined the microscopic distribution of accidents in high pedestrian accident zones, identified the critical hot spots through Kernel Density Estimation, and analyzed the inner distribution of hot spots by identifying the areas with high density levels.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.sup3
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• pp.59-64
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• 2016

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in females (27% of the total) and the main cause of death (16%) due to cancer in women in developed and developing countries. Variations in its incidence rate among geographical areas are due to various contributing factors. Since there have been a lack of studies on this topic in our country, the present spatial analysis of breast cancer incidence in Iran in 2009 was conducted using data from the national cancer registry system. The reported incidences of the disease were standardized according to the World Health Organization population and the direct method. Then data was inserted into the GIS software and finally, using the Hot Spot Analysis (Geties-Ord Gi), high-risk areas were drawn. Provinces with incidences 1.96 SD higher or lower than the national average were considered as hot spots or cold spots, at the significance level of 0.05%. In 2009, a total of 7,582 cases of BC occurred in Iran. The annual incidence was 33.2 per hundred thousand people. Our study showed that the highest incidence of BC in women occurred in the central provinces of the country, Tehran, Isfahan, Yazd, Markazi and Fars. The results of hot spots analysis showed that the distribution of high-risk BC was focused in central parts of Iran, especially Isfahan province (p <0.01). The other provinces were not significantly different from the national average. The higher incidence in central provinces may be due to greater exposure to carcinogens in urban areas, a Western lifestyle and high prevalence of other risk factors. Further epidemiological studies about the etiology and early detection of BC are essential.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.415-424
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• 2024

Lots of progress have been made about pathogen system of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and hibiscus chlorotic ringspot virus (HCRSV), however, interactions between H. rosa-sinensis and HCRSV remain largely unknown. Hereon, firstly, HCRSV infection in H. rosa-sinensis from Zhangzhou city of China was confirmed by traditional electron microscopy, modern reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and RNA-seq methods. Secondly, sequence feature analysis showed the full-length sequence of HCRSV-ZZ was 3,909 nucleotides (nt) in length and had a similar genomic structure with other carmovirus. It contains a 5' untranslated region (UTR), followed by seven open reading frames encoding for P28, P23, P81, P8, P9, P38, and P25, and the last a 3-terminal UTR. Thirdly, HCRSV-ZZ-derived vsiRNAs were identified and characterized for the first time from disease H. rosa-sinensis through sRNA-seq to reveal interactions between pathogen ant plant host. It was shown that the majority of HCRSV-ZZ-derived vsiRNAs were 21 nt, 22 nt, and 20 nt, with 21 nt being most abundant. The 5'-terminal nucleotide of HCRSV-ZZ vsiRNAs preferred U and C. HCRSV-ZZ vsiRNAs derived predominantly (72%) from the viral genome positive-strand RNA. The distribution of HCRSV-ZZ vsiRNAs along the viral genome is generally even, with some hot spots and cold spots forming in local regions. These hot spots and cold spots could be corresponded to the regions of stem loop secondary structures forming in HCRSV-ZZ genome by nucleotide paring. Taken together, our findings certify HCRSV infection in H. rosa-sinensis and provide an insight into interaction between HCRSV and H. rosa-sinensis and contribute to the prevention and treatment of this virus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.353-361
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• 2015

The area of red tides occurences, which brings enormous damages every year, have been expanded to the coastal waters across the nation. Regarding to this trend, the development of red tide detection technology by using the GOCI (Geostationary Ocean Color Imager) of COMS lauched in 2010 has been drawn attentions of researchers. This study purposed on analyzing the frequency and density of red tides occurence by using the GOCI for detecting the southern sea, whereas targeted area. The observation has brought over the last three years (2012, 2013, and 2014) before the analysis was conducted. Followingly, the study could be resulted in extracting and revealing the hot spots of the red tides from two of analysis in the overlay and density. The distribution patterns of red tide occurrences according to those observed years has been shown in irregular characteristics and various changes. However, the analysis of hot spots, based on the frequency of the red tide occurrence, has revealed that the frequency of red tide occurences is continuously increased in the specific sea area. Therefore, it is concluded in that the continuous monitoring can contribute to predict accurate movements of red tides, so as establish systematic plans for preventing disasters.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.99-111
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• 2009

In wireless sensor networks, various schemes have been proposed to store and process sensed data efficiently. A Data-Centric Storage(DCS) scheme assigns distributed data regions to sensors and stores sensed data to the sensor which is responsible for the data region overlapping the data. The DCS schemes have been proposed to reduce the communication cost for transmitting data and process exact queries and range queries efficiently. Recently, KDDCS that readjusts the distributed data regions dynamically to sensors based on K-D tree was proposed to overcome the storage hot-spots. However, the existing DCS schemes including KDDCS suffer from Query Hot-Spots that are formed if the query regions are not uniformly distributed. As a result, it causes reducing the life time of the sensor network. In this paper, we propose a new DCS scheme, called TPDCS(Time-Parameterized DCS), that avoids the problems of storage hot-spots and query hot-spots. To decentralize the skewed. data and queries, the data regions are assigned by a time dimension as well as data dimensions in our proposed scheme. Therefore, TPDCS extends the life time of sensor networks. It is shown through various experiments that our scheme outperform the existing schemes.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.45
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• pp.243-271
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• 2015

The primary aim of this study is to provide effective operational directions of multi-purpose maneuver patrol via practical analysis on the fear of crime and its impact factors in the Hot Spots Policing target region. Comparative Analysis on fear of crime and its impact factors such as informal social control, disorder, and the perception of police activities is conducted in regions of maneuver patrol against its neighborhood. In Conclusion, no evident differences in fear of crime between the regions of maneuver patrol and its neighborhood were found. However, regions of maneuver patrol displayed significant distinctions in informal social control and perception of crime frequency in comparison to its neighborhood of no such patrol. In addition, it was noticed that in both regions disorder and perception of crime frequency served as the impact factors of fear of crime, which in part exhibits positive relationship with perception of hot spots policing. This study concludes that criterion in deciding on the regions of maneuver patrol should include subjective impact factors such as fear of crime. Furthermore, it suggests that along with the current unsatisfactory maneuver patrol system there needs specific guideline to enhance the perception of police activities including strengthened interactions with residents, improvement in social disorder.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.47-58
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• 2016

In modern era Busan, newspaper articles about cherry blossom attractions from FuzanNippo and ChosenJiho have changed from places of landmark cherry trees to recreational activities under the cherry blossom. This means that the place characteristics of the cherry blossom attractions helped transform modern Busan. This study is to clarify the real image of the cherry blossom attractions where they were and when it was established in modern Busan. In order to discuss the location characteristics and the timing of identification as it changed from cherry-blossom viewing spots to picnic spots under the cherry blossom, current articles published in the FuzanNippo and ChosenJiho were collected. This study results are as follows: First of all, cherry blossom attractions are located in private gardens, gardens at hot spring inns, public lands such as schools, temples, reservoirs and malls such as Dongnae hot spring and the Midoricho red-light district. The location feature was that they were found at the edges of settlement environments, at the interface of city and natural spaces in modern Busan. Secondly, newspaper articles about cherry blossom attractions gradually changed from cherry blossom viewing spots to picnic spots under the cherry blossom, which became the peak of the cherry blossom attractions in modern Busan. The main focus of cherry blossom attractions changed from cherry-blossom viewing to picnicking under cherry blossoms around 1920. This means that the establishment of cherry blossom attractions can be seen around 1920. Articles of cherry-blossom viewing picked up sites not easy to access such as private gardens and reservoirs, articles about picnic spots under cherry blossoms noted public places that everyone could access. Cherry blossom attractions sites became spring resorts in modern Busan.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2021

To control hot spot in a plug flow reactor (PFR) is important for the yield and purity of products and safety. In this paper, coolant temperature is set as a state variable, and radial distributions of heat and mass are considered to model the PFR more realistic than without considering radial distributions. The model consists of three state variables, reactant concentration, reactant temperature, and the coolant temperature. The flow rate of the isothermal coolant is a manipulated variable. This paper shows that the controller considering the radial distributions of heat and mass is more effective than the controller without them. Assuming that u3,0 is 0.7, the suggested control equation was robust when St is bigger than 1.3, and Ac/A is smaller than 2.0. Under this condition, the hot spot temperature changed within the relative error of one percent when the temperature of input altered within the range of five percent.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10b
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• pp.229-230
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• 2002

This paper presents the hot spot behaviors on the rubbing surface of ventilated disk brake by using finite element method. The depth of asperities on the rubbing surface is usually $2-3\;{\mu}m$ so the real contact area is microscopically. Non-uniform contacts between the disk and the pads lead to high local temperatures, which may cause the material degradation, and develops hot spots, thermal cracking, and brake system failures at the end. High contact asperity flash temperatures in rubbing systems, which is strongly related to the hot spot. It was generally known that high temperature over about $700^{\circ}C$ may form martensite on the cast iron which is material for automotive disk brakes. In this paper, the contact stress, temperature distribution and strain have been presented for the specific asperities of real contact area microscopically by using coupled thermal-mechanical analysis technique.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.533-538
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• 2000

This study has been carried out to develop a CRT die using hot forging. The conventional CRT die made by casting has defects such as void and inclusion. These defects of the cast die make micro-spots on the surface of the CRT which affect the quality of the final product. So, a hot forging process is developed to avoid these defects of CRT die by the model material test and the rigid-plastic FEM. Firstly, model material tests are carried out with plasticine billets in order to investigate the material flow pattern in the die cavity and to get the reasonable initial values for designing the preform in the FE simulation. And then a finite element analysis has been performed to Predict the preform and the forging load of a CRT die. We also suggest an integrated die-set which combines two die-sets into one die-set to save manufacturing time and cost in case of similar die-size.