• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.209-215
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• 1996

DNA polymorphisms were analyzed for 8 clones of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer, by random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR). The insect has different host preferences and was even classified into two different species, M. persicae Sulzer and Myzus nicotinae Blackman by their morphological characters, but this point is still in arguement. To identify the differences between two types of the green peach aphid by RAPD-PCR, the template DNA was extracted from 4 clones each of tobacco-feeding and non-tobacco-feeding forms and one hundred primers of 10-nucleotideslong were tested in PCR. The amplified DNAs were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Eighty-three primers gave amplified DNA fragments with 1 to 22 in number and 500 to 20,000 base pairs in length, but no amplification was observed in the other 17 primers. The average number of fragment per each amplification was about 13. In the case of 82 out of 83 random primers, band patterns of amplified DNA were identical among 8 clones, even though some differences were noticed in the intensity of specific bands. Polymorphism was detected by only one primer within the tobacco-feeding forms, but not between the two host types. The results did not detect any relationship between RAPD polymorphism and their host preference.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.155-164
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• 2011

The use of antimicrobials will be soon removed due to an increase of occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria or ionophore-resistant Eimeria species in poultry farms and consumers' preference on drug-free chicken meats or eggs. Although dietary antimicrobials contributed to the growth and health of the chickens, we do not fully understand their interrelationship among antimicrobials, gut microbiota, and host immunity in poultry. In this review, we explored the current understanding on the effects of antimicrobials on gut microbiota and immune systems of chickens. Based on the published literatures, it is clear that antibiotics and antibiotic ionophores, when used singly or in combination could influence gut microbiota. However, antimicrobial effect on gut microbiota varied depending on the samples (e.g., gut locations, digesta vs. mucosa) used and among the experiments. It was noted that the digesta vs. the mucosa is the preferred sample with the results of no change, increase, or decrease in gut microbiota community. In future, the mucosa-associated bacteria should be targeted as they are known to closely interact with the host immune system and pathogen control. Although limited, dietary antimicrobials are known to modulate humoral and cell-mediated immunities. Ironically, the evidence is increasing that dietary antimicrobials may play an important role in triggering enteric disease such as gangrenous dermatitis, a devastating disease in poultry industry. Future work should be done to unravel our understanding on the complex interaction of host-pathogen-microbiota-antimicrobials in poultry.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.113-113
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• 2002

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.223-230
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• 1991

The structural specificity and the chemical dynamics between ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ and aspirin were studied by FT-IR UN, $^1H$ NMR. $^{13}C NMR$. and FAB-MS spectroscopy in solution and solid state, A stable solid inclusion complex was prepared by the recrystallization method, From the spectral changes of the host and guest molecules, orientational preference for binding in the cyclodextrin cavity was determined.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2013

In this study, the distribution of Cantao ocellatus in Korea occurred at Jindo, Tongyoung, Gwangju and Taean including Jejudo in 2012 and was coincidentally in accordance with the distribution of Mallotus japonicus as a host plant. The adult emerges in M. japonicus occur from late June to early July and can be observed until the end of October. The investigation of the female and male was measured, developmental characteristics, host plant and oviposition preference under the conditions of temperature $25^{\circ}C({\pm}2)$, humidity 65%(${\pm}2$), day length 16L:8D, by indoor breeding. For females and males respectively, average body lengths were 26.20 mm and 23.88 mm, body widths 11.35 mm and 10.57 mm, head widths 3.84 mm and 3.64 mm, probosics lengths 7.90 mm and 7.27 mm, antennal lengths 9.87 mm and 9.69 mm, anterior leg lengths 12.50 mm and 12.27 mm, intermediate leg lengths 14.61 mm and 13.12 mm, posterior leg lengths 16.90 mm and 16.53 mm, and fresh weights 0.46 g and 0.31 g. It was seen that two kinds of C. ocellatus had prickles at the end of the pronotum which had developed in the fifth instars. The female is distinguished from the male by the reproductive organ and the spotted pattern on the abdominal segment. The preference of drinks was fruit, leafstalk, midrib, and branch in Mallotus japonicus (Thunb.) Muell. Arg., Mallotus japonicus 'Variegatus', Ricinus communis L., Lonicera japonicus var. repens (Siebold) Rehder, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck and Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2001

Host plants or Ectinohoplia rufipes (Motschulsky) (En) were investigated in golf courses and laboratory. E. rufipes adults fed on 61 plant species of 27 families out of 101 plant species of 41 families supplied in laboratory. In addition, twenty-seven plant species in 8 families were observed to be fed on from golf courses. Thus, total number of host plants of E. rufipes were 84 species in 29 families. E. rufipes adults preferred Japanese green alder (Alnus firma) , cherry apple (Malus sieholdii), cherry (Prunus serrulata var. spontanea) and sweet oliver (Osmantus asiaticus) in golf courses . The preference of E. rufipes adults with A. firma , P. serrulata vu. spontanea and O. asiaticus was bioassayed in laboratory. E. rufies adults preferred A. firma consuming 58.1% to O. asiaticus and p. serrulata vats. spontanea. The most number of E. rufipes adults was attracted to damaged leaf of A. firma by E. rufipes representing 45.3clo and followed by artificial damaged leaf representing 26.5% , untried feeding leaf representing 12.9% and undamaged leaf representing 4.0%. More E. rufipes adults were attracted to damaged leaf of A. firma by 67.5% than artificially damaged leaf by 30.5% or undamaged leaf treated with feces of E. rufipes by 2%.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.277-286
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• 2021

The natural enemy was identified as a parasitic wasp, Binodoxys communis Gahan. B. communis taxonomically belongs to the family braconidae, subfamily aphidinae, and genera binodoxys. It develops normally at 17.5 to 32.5℃, and not at 35℃. Depending on the temperature, the longest development period of B. communis was 21.9 days at 17.5℃, and shortest was 6.46 days at 32.5℃. The effective accumulated temperature was 175.44 DD for females as well as males; however, the developmental threshold temperature was 10.87℃ and 10.74℃ for females and males, respectively. This parasitic wasp was found to prefer cotton aphids and soybean aphids as its prey.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.287-296
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• 2017

In order to check host plant diversity and to confirm the potential risk to be invaded, we documented host plant flora and plant part of C. pentagona, an invasive parasitic plant in field survey and induced parasitic infection by them in the laboratory experiment. Parasitic interaction(12% of total tree species) was found in twig and leaf of tree such as Quercus mongolica and Abies holophylla that was not developed into ligninfication. There were most host plant species belong to Compositae, but the species parasitic rate of family was higher in Cyperaceae, Polygonaceae and Leguminoceae. Through the inducible infection experiment with C. pentagona, all species except one species show parasitic interaction between host plan and C. pentagona. These result means that the limiting stage for invading area is dispersion process for invading other area in Korea. Infection plant part by C. pentagona was dominantly both shoot and leaf, rather than only leaf or only shoot. We found newly 12 families and 45 host plant species including 33 herbacious one and 12 woody one. Crop plant such as Setaria italica and 6 endangerd one such as Scrophularia takesimensis, especially the later rare endemic plant was to death by parasitic infection of C. pentagona. These results indicate that C. pentagona is potential risk to both wild and cultivated plant in Korea.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.519-525
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• 1998

Intraspecific genetic diversity of Korean isolates of Phytophthora drechsleri was investigated based on PCR-RFLP of rDNA along with closely related species in the genus; P. cryptogea, P. melonis, P. erythroseptica, P. cinnamomi, P. cambivora and P. cactorum. Gene regions of nuclear small subunit and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) in rDNA were amplified with polymerase chain reaction and digested with 9 restriction enzymes. Phytophthora species was readily differentiated from each other based on the digestion patterns, however, P. cryptogea was not separable from some isolates of P. drechsleri. Twenty one isolates of P. drechsleri originated from 15 host plants were divided into three distinct groups designated as PdG1, PdG2 and PdG3, respectively. Four isolates in PdG1 were originated from green vegetables and tomato and nine isolates in PdG2 were mainly isolated from medicinal plants. The two groups showed 95.3% homology and four isolates of P. cyptogea came under the groups. However, Eight isolates in PdG3 collected from cucurbits were clearly differentiated from those of PdG1 and PdG2 by 66.5% homology, but completely matched with a Taiwan isolate of P. melonis. Results indicated that three distinct groups exist in Korean isolates of P. drechleri and each group has host preference. In addition, reclassification of the cucurbits isolates are reserved because of their distinct genetic characters from other intraspecific groups in P. drechsleri.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 1993

This study investigated seasonal occurrence, host preference and developmental characteristics of E. lagerstroemiae was most likely to have two generations a year with first occurrence of adults form late April to late may and second from late August to late October including 2 peaks in early May and late August, respectively. Overwintering stages were mostly eggs and larvae and its composition rate was 57.1% of eggs and 42.9% of larvae. Host plats investigated were 7 species 7 families and most preferred species were Lagerstroemia japonica and Diospyros kaki. As morphological characteristics of E. lagerstroemiae, sized of length/sidth were 0.29/0.16 mm for the egg. 0.41/0.16 mm for the first instar larva, 0.96/0.47 mm for the male adult. Number of eggs deposited per female adult was 221.9 individuals. Hatching rate at various temperatures was above 90% at below $30^{\circ}C$. Egg periods were also short\ened with increase of temperatures at below $30^{\circ}C$ but decreased to 56.3% at $35^{\circ}C$. Egg periods were also shortened with increase of temperatures at below $30^{\circ}C$. Hatching rate was not affected by photoperiods but egg periods were shortened with increase of day length.