• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3477-3485
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• 2012

This research focused on the cluster analysis for the vitalization of the innovation cluster, Gwanggyo Technovalley. The study was performed based on both theoretical study and quantitative and qualitative study approaches. Particularly, questionnaire survey was performed for the cluster analysis of the innovation cluster. The major determinants for vitalization of the innovation cluster, Gwanggyo Technovalley can be summarized as follows; the strategy formulation for the development of the innovation cluster, the enhancement of the host institution capability and gradual enlargement of the role of the host institution. In terms of the needs of times, this study regarding the cluster analysis for the vitalization of the innovation cluster, Gwanggyo Technovalley is anticipated to be a good reference for the R&D organizations and technology cluster participants in coming years.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.61-78
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• 2018

Foreign subsidiary operation modes can be broadly divided into horizontal subsidiaries and vertical subsidiaries. According to institutional theory, foreign subsidiary operation mode differs depending on the host country institution. This study examines the effects of formal and informal institution on the foreign subsidiary operational mode of Korean firms. As a result of the empirical analysis, the higher the cultural distance and the lower political risks, the more favored the vertical foreign operation mode than the horizontal foreign operation mode. On the other hand, the higher the economic freedom and the lower corruption, the more favored the horizontal foreign operation mode than the vertical foreign operation mode.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.53.1-53.1
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• 2015

The GMT-Consortium Large Earth Finder(G-CLEF) is one of the first light instruments at the Giant Magellan Telescope. The international consortium consists of five astronomical institutes including the Center for Astrophysics, the Observatories of Carnegie Institute, the University of Catolica in Chile, the University of Chicago, and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, led by CfA. The extremely precise radial velocity capability is one of the principal instrumental feature of G-CLEF. The RV goal is 10 cm/s capable of detecting an Earth-like planet around a Sun-like host star. This high precision wavelength calibration stability requires a set of significantly tight optomechanical tolerances in the mechanical design of the Flexure Control Camera system. KASI is in charge of the Flexure Control Camera and the Calibration Light System for the G-CLEF spectrograph. In this presentation, we introduce the preliminary design and analysis results of the G-CLEF Flexure Control Camera.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.425-435
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• 2020

Official development assistance (ODA) projects are conducted under the auspices of donor countries and on the principle of time-limited implementation for economic development and welfare improvement in a host country. Exit strategies on how to end official assistance are therefore crucial. Sudden economic recession in a donor country could lead to the suspension of ODA projects, which would affect diplomatic relations and project outcomes. Further, exit strategies can help continue the original project and create links with other ODA projects. This study shows how to employ exit strategies in the Korea-Mongolia Greenbelt Plantation Project and has implications for sustainability of development assistance. Exist strategies were not taken into consideration initially. In the course of implementation and management transfer upon the completion of plantation, various facets were considered later on in developing exit strategies. An ideal exit strategy is to reach the extent to which a host country no longer needs official assistance or has capacity of project implementation on its own. A year-by-year transfer of planted areas can be a phase-over strategy. The Korea Forest Service fulfilled transparent cooperation with Mongolian local governments, established appropriate arrangements with stakeholders, secured institutional and financial foundation for follow-up management by a host country, and realized predictability, responsibility, and sustainability. As a local institution, the plantation technology management center has been established for follow-up activities such as the introduction of agro-forestry. When the Korea Forest Service designed an urban forest project as an exit strategy, sustainability was ensured, which has implications in implementing other ODA projects.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2010

The Asian cultural landscape is a mirrored ecosystem of great complexity, formed by the interaction of man and nature, coupled with a host of ecological processes. The human dependencies on and environmental adaptation of the bio-organisms and the surrounding landscape constitute the typical cultural landscape. Islands are a good example of a cultural landscape, and each mosaic pattern of marine and coastal ecosystems reflects bio-cultural diversity. Along with land-use patterns, wise use of biological organisms and indigenous knowledge has expanded to islands in the Asia-Pacific region in several ways (sea current and human impact, etc.). Loss in biodiversity and landscape diversity as well as cultural diversity owing to global warming and rapid urbanization are emerging issues for island ecosystems all over the world. In order to sustain the historical coexistence between man and natural systems, we ecologists must continue to search for a holistic solution for academic consilience. In this paper, I present the vision and practical characteristics of island ecology with a view toward the conservation of the traditional landscape and bio-cultural diversities in the seascape.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 2015

Purpose: The incidence of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) in Korea has changed. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical changes of APSGN observed in a single Korean institution over two decades. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 99 children (0-15 years of age) who were admitted to our institution with APSGN between 1987 and 2013. The patients were selected based on the depression of serum complement 3 (C3, <70 mg/dL) and elevated titer of antistreptolysin O (ASO, >250 IU/dL) as evidence of previous streptococcal infection. Results: In the 99 patients, the mean age was $8.3{\pm}2.7$ years, and the male-to-female ratio was 2.2:1 (66:30). The annual number of cases fluctuated markedly, and most cases were observed during the late autumn and winter months. However, there have been few cases reported in the past 5 years. Clinical manifestations at presentation, including hypertension and generalized oedema, and the duration of hospitalization were higher and longer in patients admitted during the first half of the study period than during the most recent half-period, suggesting a more severe clinical course in the former group. Conclusions: APSGN has become a rare disease in Korea with a trend towards a less severe clinical course. This finding suggests that the prevalence of infection-related immune-mediated diseases could change over-time, together with environmental and possibly pathogen-host relationship changes.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.74.2-74.2
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• 2015

Strong outflows from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) may play a crucial role in galaxy evolution. Integral-field spectroscopy (IFS) is the most powerful tool to study the detailed kinematics of AGN outflows. We present the on-going optical 3D spectroscopic survey of ionized gas outflows. Type 2 AGN sample is uniquely selected from SDSS DR7 with a luminosity-limit (i.e., L[O III] > $10^{41.5}erg/s$) as well as strong kinematic signatures of ionized gas outflows ([O III] velocity shift > ~200 km/s or [O III] velocity dispersion (FWHM) > 1000 km/s), defining an extremely rare population (< ~0.5%). Thus, these AGNs with strong outflow signatures are one of the best suites for investigating AGN feedback. The IFS observations cover several kpc scales for the central region of the host galaxies, providing a detailed information of the kinematics and geometry of the gas outflows. In this contribution, we report the current status of the survey and the preliminary results on gas kinematics of 18 AGNs, based on the Magellan/IMACS-IFU and the VLT/VIMOS data.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.59
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• pp.59-78
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• 2013

The interpretation and application of investment treaties takes place mostly by ad hoc tribunals. Their composition varies from case to case. But in interpreting and applying investment treaties are bound to exist on a ground rule and coherent criteria. Given summarizing contents of this study, those are as follows. When interpreting investment treaties, (i) most tribunals is based on Article 31 and 32 of the VCLT, (ii) tribunals rely on previous decisions, (iii) tribunals resort to travaux pr$\acute{e}$paratoires, (iv) tribunals consider the interpretative statement. When applying investment treaties, (i) treaties apply only in relation to acts or events that occurred after their entry into force, (ii) tribunals have applied different inter-temporal rules to jurisdictional clauses and substantive provisions in treaties, (iii) the relevant date for purposes of jurisdiction is the date of the institution of proceedings, (iv) Under the ICSID convention, the host state and investor's nationality must be a party to the convention on the date the proceedings are instituted. This study is expected to possibly become guideline in the interpretation and application standards of investment treaties. So future disputes can be prevented and prepared in advance.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.183-189
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• 2017

AAALAC International is a private, nonprofit organization that promotes humane treatment of animals in science through a voluntary international accreditation program. AAALAC International accreditation is recognized around the world as a symbol of high quality animal care and use for research, teaching and testing, as well as promoting animal welfare. Animals owned by the institution that are used for research, teaching and testing are included as part of an accredited program. More than 990 animal care and use institutions in 42 countries around the world (more than 170 programs in 13 countries in the Pacific Rim region) have earned AAALAC International accreditation. The AAALAC International Council on Accreditation evaluates overall performance and all aspects of an animal care and use program, involving an in-depth, multilayered, confidential peer-review process. The evaluators (site visitors) consider compliance with applicable local animal legislation of the host country, institutional policies, and employ a customized approach for evaluating overall program performance using a series of primary standards that include the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, the Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching, or the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experimental and Other Purposes, Council of Europe (ETS 123), and supplemental Reference Resources, as applicable.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.517-521
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• 2016

Three species of micromoths, Acria emarginella Donovan, 1806 (Peleopodidae), Yponomeuta cinefactus Meyrick, 1935 (Yponomeutidae) and Depressaria leucocephala Snellen, 1884 (Depressariidae) are reported for the first time from Korea. These species were collected at their larval stage on the host plants, and reared until their emergence. Images of larvae, pupae, and adults of all species are given, and the male or female genitalia are illustrated.