• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.559-575
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to systematically explain and discuss the return migration of Koreans in Central Asia to the Russian Far East. The Koreans' return migration is explained by the combination of push and pull factors inherent in the host and home countries. The structural or institutional push factors in Central Asia include the linguistic policy of a country, civil war, ethnic conflicts, while the micro ones are the Koreans' high concern of their children's education and the improvement of a socio-economic status. The macro pull factors operated in the Russian Far East are the permission to use the housing facilities and land previously controlled by military authorities and the laws of recovering the koreans' basic right and honor, while the micro ones are the networks of relatives and friends living in Central Asia and the Russian Far East. The two aspects related to the Koreans' return migration are also discussed. Firstly, the return migration of Koreans in Central Asia is interpreted as a migration of ethnic affinity. Secondly, the establishment of an autonomous district of Koreans in the Russian Far East is discussed.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.107-110
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• 2008

Tropical fire ant, Solenopsis geminata (Fabricius) is distributed over the tropical and temperate areas. It is a polyphagous pest attacking to various plant and causes the pain to the people doing outdoor work. So it is known for a hygienic pest to human being, especially the people doing outdoor activities. It can cause severe pain to human, even with just a bite. Of particular concern is the possibility of its settlement in this country, if it invade to the farmlands and/or forests of Jeju Island and southern part in Korea. It is listed as a regulated pest in Plant Quarantine Act of Korea. This ant is usually imported through a ship and early settled in the port area where it is already distributed. Recently its distribution is rapidly spreading into Southeast Asia and southern part of China. In Korea, it was detected the one time in 1990s, but was detected the ten times from 2000 to 2006 by an imported plant quarantine process. Therefore, we would like to provide some information on the species, including morphology, distribution, host plant, damaged symptom and its general bionomics, which will be useful data for plant quarantine process and control.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 1999

Successful hosting of mesa-events such as the universiade games usually brings many external changes such as more domestic and foreign travelers, image improvement of the host country and region as well as promotion of the local economy through improving the infrastructure for the contest. This longitudinal study analyzed the effects of the winter universiade games, which were held at Muju in 1997, on the hosting rural area, based upon a multidimensional study. As a result, the inhabitants sensed that hosting the winter universiade games had large-scale investment effects on both the tourism industry and the regional development. On the other hand, hosting this kind of event was not quite successful in terms of activating the local economy, and the environment of Togyusan National Park was harmed.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.135-159
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• 2013

The globalization of business is making it more important than ever to understand how international human resource can be utilized more competitively. This study explores how the international human resource strategies between global integration and local responsiveness affects the company's competitive advantage. The findings for global integration strategy suggest that when a subsidiary is highly dependent on the parent company's resources and the findings for local responsiveness suggest that when a subsidiary is highly dependant on the host country's resources and institution. This study proposes competitive advantage by the global integration strategy and local responsiveness strategy. The effects of IHRM to create value for company's core competence was analyzed. Two IHRM strategic choices will affect the different competences such as integration and localization abilities. This paper also suggests the two kinds of core competences of IHRM strategies how impact on company's performance.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.57-93
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• 2003

Twelve species in five genera of parasitic copepods are recorded from seventeen species of freshwater fishes of Korea. They are Ergasilus coniformis n. sp., Ergasilus ventriosus n. sp., E. briani Markewitsch, E. peregrinus Heller, Neoergasilus joponicus (Harada) N. lonsispinosus Yin, N. inflatus Yin, N. bullatus n. sp., N. angustus n. sp., Sinergasilus undulatus (Markewitsch), Lernaea cyprinacea L., and Lamproglena chinensis $Y{\"{u}}.$ As the most prevalent parasitic copepod, Neoergasilus japonicus is found to parasitize as many as ten species of freshwater fishes in Korea. The fish Zacco platypus, from which seven species of parasitic copepods are discovered, turned out to be the most preferred host of the parasitic copepods in this country. Full descriptions are given of the new species and new records of Korea. Lamproglena chinensis, an incompletely known species, is also redescribed.ibed.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.63-80
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• 2020

Purpose - Recent empirical studies have shown that FDI is expected to be strongly associated with democratic governance, political stability, and sound macroeconomic conditions of the host country. We attempt to take it a step further to see if governments implement a major change in institutional characteristics, will the institutional reform toward better governance have a substantive effect in enhancing FDI inflows. This paper thus aims to analyze the importance of good governance as an important factor in the attractiveness of FDI inflows in ASEAN+3 (Korea, China, Japan) countries. Design/methodology - To determine the effects of good governance on FDI inflows across ASEAN+3 countries recorded between 1996-2018, the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) are used to investigate the impact of good governance on FDI inflows. The model has been estimated by using fixed effects to show the robustness of the results. Findings - Our main findings can be summarized as follows: Political Stability, Rule of Law, and Voice and Accountability have a statistically significant impact on the inflow of FDI in the ASEAN+3 Countries, especially for Korean economy. Moreover, GDP growth continue to exert their positive influence. However, Regulatory Quality, Government Effectiveness and Control of Corruption, though equally important, are insignificant to attract FDI inflows. The key finding is that good governance has a significant impact on inward FDI in the ASEAN+3 countries. Originality/value - Existing studies focus on the impact of political factors on FDI across countries. This paper instead attempts to investigate which type of good governance is the most important in promoting FDI inflows across ASEAN+3 countries, which is essential for multinationals to consider when choosing a foreign site as a possible FDI destination.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.47-67
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to determine factors of FDI inflows which positively influence economic development. While MNCs ultimately decide on which country to engage in FDI, it can be affected by the general investment environment of host countries. Thus, it may be closely linked to national macro socio-economic factors. In the fixed-effect panel regression analysis using 30 years of data of 13 developed countries and 15 developing countries, results indicate that labor redemption exerts the greatest influence on global FDI inflows; this implies that FDI decisions are based on locations featuring higher productivity by the reduction of labor costs. According to the level of economic development, the motive of FDI inflows differs. In developed countries, GDP, government expenditure and consumer expenditure exert the greatest influence on FDI inflows; which shows characteristics of market seeking and horizontal investment. However, in developing countries, labor redemption and human capital exert the greatest influence on FDI inflows; which shows characteristics of efficiency seeking and vertical investment.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.29
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• pp.193-222
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• 2011

Our country successfully hosted the G20 summit in Seoul in November, 2010. Afterwards, however, the Yeonpyungdo shelling incident took place by the North, and the North Korean nuclear issue have strained interKorean relations. Our country is going to host the nuclear security summit, which is of great significance at this point of time. The nuclear security summit is to be attended by 47 countries. The participant countries of this summit is larger in number than those of the ASEM, APEC and the G20 summit that our country has ever hosted. That is a large-scale international conference that invites the UN, the IAEA and the EU, which are three major nuclear-related international organizations. A successful hosting of the nuclear security summit will serve as an opportunity to boost our country's national prestige, and is likely be beneficial to the settlement of the North Korean nuclear issue. Like other international submits in foreign countries, however, violent anti-globalization demonstrations are expected to occur when the nuclear security summit is held in April next year. The purpose of this study was to make a case analysis of demonstrations during multilateral international conferences hosted by foreign countries over ten years between 1999 and 2009, to examine the controversial points over the demonstrations, and ultimately to seek ways of ensuring safety against possible assemblies and demonstrations during the forthcoming nuclear security summit, which is scheduled to be held in April next year. The findings of the study on feasible security measures are as follows: First, information and intelligence gathering should be reinforced, and the inspection should be stepped up. Second, pacification among domestic NGOs and the supplementation of the existing legal devices are required. Third, publicity should be strengthened. Fourth, riot police officers should be selected as early as possible to bolster their education and training, and more reinforced emergency measures should be taken. It's needed to seek assistance from the military as one of emergency measures, and national defense readiness should be bolstered across the nation in collaboration with the Ministry of National Defense when the summit is near at hand. Finally, CBR countermeasures should be taken in preparation for CBR terrorism.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.45 no.2 s.143
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• pp.195-200
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• 2006

This study was carried out to clarify the biologies and morphological characteristics of Rhynchaenus sanguinipes. Also some chemicals were tested to screen the effective insecticide for the control of the species. Up to date, Zelkova serrata has been hewn as host plant of Rhynchaenus sanguinipes, which shows serious damage in this country. In the present study, Ulmus pumila was first found as host plant in this study. Body lengths of larvae, pupa and adult were 4.53$\pm$0.30 mm, 3.30$\pm$0.42 mm and 2.96$\pm$0.12 mm, respectively. The overwintered adult of the species emerged on early April to late April, and adult of nekt generation emerged on early May to late May, Pupal periods were 10, 7.2, 5.1 and 4 days on 16, 20, 24 and 28$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The lower developmental threshold temperature was 5.8$^{\circ}C$. Four braconid parasitoids were found as natural enemies, which emerged mainly on late April to early June. Insecticidal activities with treatments of fenitrothion 50% EC, indoxacarb 30% WG, ethofenprox 20% EC and thiacloprid 10% SC was investigated against adult of R. sanguinpes, and they showed >90% mortality.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.260-279
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• 2010

The analysis on bibliography and field investigation of Callipogon relictus Semenov, 1898 (Korean natural monument number 218) shows that the size varies from country to country, and Korean specimens, for which male is 85~120mm and female is 65~85mm, are found to be the largest. The average diameter and length of egg are 2.60mm and 6.72mm respectively. The larva has milky color and is about 100~150mm in length. The pupa is nearly 70~110mm. An adult generally appears from June to September in Korea in the broadleaf forest of lowland, whereas it appears from June to July in China. It is known that the pupa largely feed on the old tree trunk of Carpinus laxiflora (Siebold & Zucc.) blume in Korea, but no such data have been reported in China and Russia, showing differences in host plants. While the larva period is not exactly known in Korea, it is reported to be two years in China. It appears that the species inhabits in very limited regions of approximately between geographical latitude $37.5^{\circ}{\sim}47.8^{\circ}$ and longitude $126^{\circ}{\sim}140^{\circ}$ including Korea, China and Russia. To conserve the long-horned beetle in Korea, this research drew out following some conclusions through analyzing the references and field survey data. First, it need to perform precise survey on the natural environment of occurring and collected area or place including host plant kinds, temperate, humidity, latitude, longitude etc. Second, habitat region must be designated as a restricted development area, and it need to exclude or reduce the damage factors to prosper reproduction of the species. Third, it is necessary to keep loosing cautiously artificial breeding individuals in the reported sites, not disturbing scope of natural populations. Fourth, it needs to educate or publicize many people importance and value of this species through many methods.