• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 1996

The phase separated structure and the electo-optical properties of the polymer /liquid crystal(LC) composite films including a dye were investigated. The phase separated structure of the polymer /LC / dye composite film(GH composite film) including below 2wt% dye against LC was almost same with the composite film which does not include dye. But the electro-optical properties of the GH composite film strongly depended on weight fraction of the dye against the LC. The response time of the GH composite film increased with the increase of the dissolved dye in LC because the dye acts as a registivity for the orientation of LC molecules by the electric filed.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 디스플레이 광소자 분야
• /
• pp.57-60
• /
• 2002

In generally, the guest-emitter doped system has been reported to give a bright electroluminescence(EL). The purpose of using doped system is to improve for increasing lifetime and efficiency, and tuning multicolor light. This indicates an enhanced electron-hole recombination rate in emitting layer. The purpose of this study is to obtain the high performance EL devices for flat panel display with red emission. We fabricated EL devices using the guest-host system. where DCM derivatives were taken as a dopant. The devices are fabricated in multilayer system with various concentration of the dopant (red light emitting dye). We measured the I-V characteristics and EL spectra from these devices. and we compared with photoluminescence(PL) quantum yield among the DCM derivatives. The emission mechanism of devices is participated in energy transfer. The energy transfer from these hosts to DCM generates luminescence spectra that vary from yellow red to red, depending on DCM derivatives. Absorption and emission spectra of organic materials composing the devices depend on the emission materials doped with the DCM derivatives. We demonstrated that the high EL efficiency can be achieved by doping host material with DCM derivatives and molecular steric structures

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제10권12호
• /
• pp.5375-5400
• /
• 2016

IOMMU is a hardware unit that is indispensable for DMA. Besides address translation and remapping, it also provides I/O virtual address space isolation among devices and memory access control on DMA transactions. However, currently commodity virtualization platforms lack of IOMMU virtualization, so that the virtual machines are vulnerable to DMA security threats. Previous works focus only on DMA security problem of directly assigned devices. Moreover, these solutions either introduce significant overhead or require modifications on the guest OS to optimize performance, and none can achieve high I/O efficiency and good compatibility with the guest OS simultaneously, which are both necessary for production environments. However, for simulated virtual devices the DMA security problem also exists, and previous works cannot solve this problem. The reason behind that is IOMMU circuits on the host do not work for this kind of devices as DMA operations of which are simulated by memory copy of CPU. Motivated by the above observations, we propose an IOMMU para-virtualization solution called PVIOMMU, which provides general functionalities especially DMA security guarantees for both directly assigned devices and simulated devices. The prototype of PVIOMMU is implemented in Qemu/KVM based on the virtio framework and can be dynamically loaded into guest kernel as a module, As a result, modifying and rebuilding guest kernel are not required. In addition, the device model of Qemu is revised to implement DMA access control by separating the device simulator from the address space of the guest virtual machine. Experimental evaluations on three kinds of network devices including Intel I210 (1Gbps), simulated E1000 (1Gbps) and IB ConnectX-3 (40Gbps) show that, PVIOMMU introduces little overhead on DMA transactions, and in general the network I/O performance is close to that in the native KVM implementation without IOMMU virtualization.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2009년도 9th International Meeting on Information Display
• /
• pp.843-845
• /
• 2009

A polymeric host for triplet emitters composed of N-alkylcarbazole and tetramethylbenzene units was successfully synthesized. Efficient energy transfer was observed between this polymeric host and green phosphorescent dyes. The device fabricated using 5 wt% green 1 in the polymeric host as the emitting layer showed the best performance. Thin films of this host-guest system, exhibiting clear stripe patterns could be prepared through the LITI process. The patterned films were then used to fabricate electrophosphorescent devices, which show performance characteristics similar to those of spin-coated devices. The new host material is a good candidate to be used in polymer-based full-color electrophosphorescent light-emitting displays.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제21권11호
• /
• pp.1119-1124
• /
• 2000

$\beta-Cyclodextrin$ derivatives connected with diaza-18-crown-6 through flexible bridges (R) at the secondary face 1a-c (1a: R = $-(CH_2)4-;$ 1b: R = $-CH_2CH_2OCH_2CH2-;$ 1c: R = $-(CH_2)8-)$ have been prepared. The associa tion constants of 1 with (2-naphthoxy)alkylammonium ions (2a: alkyl = butyl; 2b: alkyl = octyl) were determined by induced circular dichroism (ICD) spectroscopy and it was found that the derivatization of $\beta-CD$ with the diazacrown resulted in enhanced binding with 2, compared to the native $\beta-CD.$ ICD Characteristics of the host-guest complexes indicate that a part of the alkylammonium moiety of 2 is protruded from the secondary side of the $\beta-CD$ cavity, and the guest molecules 2a and 2b move to the secondary and primary side, respectively, to make the binding of the ammonium group with the diaza-18-crown-6 moiety more feasible. The energy accompanied by the relocation of the guest molecules inside $\beta-CD$ moiety is compensated by the interaction energy between the ammonium ion and diazacrown ether.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제35권9호
• /
• pp.2774-2780
• /
• 2014

A dynamics study of relaxation and fragmentation of icosahedral argon cluster with a vibrationally excited $Ar_2^+$ (${\nu}$) is presented. Local translation is shown to be responsible for inducing energy flow from the embedded ion to host atoms and fragmentation of the cluster consisting of various low frequency modes. The total potential energy of $(Ar_2^+)Ar_{12}$ is formulated using a building-up procedure of host-guest and host-host interactions. The time dependence of ion-to-host energy transfer is found to be tri-exponential, with the short-time process of ~100 ps contributing most to the overall relaxation process. Relaxation timescales are weakly dependent on both temperature (50-300 K) and initial vibrational excitation (${\nu}$ = 1-4). Nearly 27% of host atoms in the cluster with $Ar_2^+$ (${\nu}$ = 1) fragment immediately after energy flow, the extent increasing to ~43% for ${\nu}$ = 4. The distribution of fragmentation products of $(Ar_2^+)Ar_{12}{\rightarrow}(Ar_2^+)Ar_n+(12-n)Ar$ are peaked around $(Ar_2^+)Ar_8$. The distribution of dissociation times reveals fragmentation from one hemisphere dominates that from the other. This effect is attributed to the initial fragmentation causing a sequential perturbation of adjacent atoms on the same icosahedral five-atom layer.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제27권11호
• /
• pp.1737-1740
• /
• 2006

The optimized structures and complexation energies of bis(18-crown-6-ether) analogue (2) of Trgers base (1) with a series of primary alkylbisammonium ions have been calculated by DFT B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) method. The calculated complexation efficiency (-142.84 kcal/mol) of 2 for butane-1,4-diylbisammonium guest is better than twice of the value (-61.40 kcal/mol) for butylammonium ion. The multiple hydrogen-bond abilities for the complexes are described as the function of the length of the alkyl substituents of the bisammonium guests with normal-alkyl chain [$-(CH_2)_{n-}$, n = 4-8]. The longer bisammonium guest shows the stronger hydrogen-bonding characterizations (the distance and the quasi-linear angle of the N-H…O) to the host 2 than the shorter bisammonium ions. These calculated results agree with the experimental data of the complexation of 2 with bisammonium salts ([$NH_3(CH_2)_nNH_3$] $Cl_2$).

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국신재생에너지학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.387-390
• /
• 2006

We report here that under strong attacksof external $CH_4$ guest molecules the sII and sH methane hydrates are structurally transformed to the crystalline me framework of sI, leading to favorable change of the lattice dimension of the host-guest networks. The High Power Decoupling $^{13}C$ NMR and Raman spectroscopies were used to identify structure transitions of the mixed $CH_4+C_2H_6$ hydrates (sIIl) and hydrocarbons (methylcyclohexane, isopentane) + $CH_4$ hydrates (sH). The resulting spectra indicate that most of the synthesized sII and sH hydrates were transformed to methane hydrate of sl under 110 bar and particularly the coexistence of sl with sII or sH appear according to the surrounding methane-rich gas conditions. The present findings might be expected to Provide rational evidences regarding the preponderant occurrence of naturally-occurring sI methane hydrates in marine sediments.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.48-52
• /
• 2002

Using several molecular modeling programs we have performed computer simulations to investigate the complexation behaviors of an ester derivative of p-tert-butylcalix[5]arene (1e) toward a variety of butylammonium ions. Semi-empirical AM1 method was used for calculating the binding energies and the formation enthalpies. MM and CVFF forcefields for molecular mechanics calculations were adapted to express the complexation energies of the host. Molecular dynamics were performed to the calculated complex systems to simulate the ionophoric behavior of the host-guest complexes. The absolute Gibbs free energies of the host (1e) complexed with four kinds of butylammonium ions have been calculated using the Finite Difference Thermodynamic Integration (FDTI) method in Discover. Calculation results show that the trend in complex formation is n-$BuNH_3^+$ > iso-$BuNH_3^+$ >> sec-$BuNH_3^+$ > tert-$BuNH_3^+$, which is in good agreement with the experimental results.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.84-87
• /
• 2011

We fabricated phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices with a 1,1-bis[(di-4-tolylamino)phenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC) host layer. Two kinds of devices, one of ITO/TAPC/TAPC:FIrpic/TAZ/LiF/Al (device A) and one of ITO/TAPC:FIrpic/TAPC/TAZ/LiF/Al (device B), were prepared to investigate electrical and optical properties. Iridium(III) bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,$C^{2'}$]picolinate (FIrpic) and 3-(4-biphenylyl)-4-phenyl-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ) were used as a blue phosphorescent guest material and an electron transport layer, respectively. The TAPC layer in device B strongly contributes to whitish emission, higher driving voltage, and lower current efficiency characteristics compared with device A. The mechanisms of these electrical and optical characteristics of the devices were investigated.