• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.174-187
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• 2021

Cytotechnologists evaluate and analyze disorders of cells that constitute the human body, and are involved in the primary assessment of diverse diseases, including cancer. However, the employment conditions and workload of cytotechnologists are poorly understood. This study was undertaken to provide basic data for establishing the criteria for quality control certification factors based on the scope of effective task performance of cytotechnologists, and to provide results of their workload analysis according to the type of medical institution. The study was conducted by enrolling certified cytotechnologists working at various nationwide medical institutions. Our analysis revealed that 178 personnel (72.7%) were involved in primary screening of samples. On an average, the daily number of primary screening of samples performed per cytotechnologist (76 respondents) was determined to be 75.4 chapters (16.8 chapters/hours) at the university hospital level, 72.4 chapters (18.6 chapters/hours) at the general hospital level, and 231 chapters (32.6 chapters/hours) at professional trust institutions. Our results indicate the necessity to establish a consultant with the Korean Cell Pathology Association, to enable finding solutions to solve existing issues by establishing accurate standard guidelines for assessing cell screening.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.83-112
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• 2008

In this study, the effects of the founder's characteristics on venture's business success factors for pet business was investigated focused on the pet hospitals. The effects of the founder's background and psychological characteristics, the business start-up preparing procedure characteristics, and service factor characteristics for customers on the business performance was analyzed by classifying it into financial business performance and non-financial business performance for the he pet hospitals. The questionnaire survey for 150 pet hospitals located in Seoul and Gyunggi-do area was performed, and the main conclusions was drawn as follows. First, as a result of research model analysis for financial business performance among the business performance, it was analyzed that the founder's academic background factor among the founder's background factors had a statistically significantly negative Influence on the financial business performance, on the contrary, the control locus factor among the founder's psychological factors, and the financing factor among the business start-up preparing procedure factors had a statistically significantly positive influence on the financial business performance. Second, as a result of research model analysis for non-financial business performance among the business performance, it was analyzed that the danger acceptance propensity factor among the business start-up preparing procedure factors and the intangible service quality factor among the service quality factors had a statistically significantly positive influence on the non-financial business performance.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.48-52
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• 2013

Purpose: The Molybdenum which is the raw material of $^{99}Mo-^{99m}Tc$ generator is produced from the nuclear reactor. However, output has dwindled as the two nuclear reactors supplying the bulk of radioactive material-one in Chalk River, Ontario and the other in Petten, the Netherlands-have been closed for repairs or maintenance. This resulted in the enhancement of its price. So $^{99}Mo-^{99m}Tc$ generator using$(n,{\gamma})^{99}Mo$ is developed by Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI). Medicinal availability of this generator is evaluated in this study. Materials and Methods: The radioactivity of $^{99m}Tc$ eluted in generator 1, 2 and 3 unit developed by KAERI was measured. The quality control test of generator such as appearance test, pH test, LAL test, sterility test, chemical impurity (Al) test and radiochemical purity test were performed. Planar and SPECT/CT image sof SD rat (6 weeks, Female) at 2 hr after injection of $^{99m}Tc-HDP$ (hydroxymethylenediphosphonate) (TechneScan HDP, Malinckrodt Medical, Dutch) and $^{99m}Tc-DPD$ (diphosphono-1, 2-propanedicarboxylicacid) (TECEOS, CIS bio international, France) which were labeled with $^{99m}Tc$ eluted in KAERI and commercial generator (40.5 GBq, Malinckrodt Medical, Dutch) using SPECT/CT camera (Symbia, Siemense, Germany) were obtained respectively. Results: The mean radioactivity of $^{99m}Tc$ elution generator 1unit was 4.18 GBq (113 mCi), generator 2 unit was 4.73 GBq (128 mCi) and generator 3 unit was 3.33 GBq (90 mCi). All quality control tests were within normal limit except pyrogentest. Pyrogen test was positive. Planar and SPECT/CT images of rat injected $^{99m}Tc-HDP$ which was labeled with $^{99m}Tc$ eluted in commercial generator show increased uptake in bone, stomach and bowl. Planar images show increased uptake in liver and bone in case of $^{99m}Tc-DPD$. However, images of rat injected $^{99m}Tc-HDP$ and $^{99m}Tc-DPD$ which were labelled $^{99m}Tc$ eluted in KAERI generator show increased uptake in bone, liver and spleen. Conclusion: If shortcoming is removed such as pyrogen and liver appearance, domestic role as an alternative generator is thought to be able to fill and to secure the national medical service by supplying $^{99m}Tc$ when the supply of $^{99m}Tc$ be comes short.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.25-33
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• 2016

This study was to analyze relations between health promoting behavior and emotional labor, quality of life, and job satisfaction among 293 dental hygienists of Daegu and Kyeongbuk areas. This data was analyzed by using Spss win 12.0 program. Health promoting behavior of 10 item, The highest 3.25 points on 'I consult close people to me for my problems and worries'. Health promoting behavior according to their general characteristics, it was higher according to older age, better educational, general hospital. Emotional labor according to their general characteristics, it was high according to duration of service was short or the longest, high educational, worked at a clinic. Quality of life according to their general characteristics, it was higher according to older age, had better educational, worked at a clinic, income of 2501-3000 thousand won. Job satisfaction according to their general characteristics, it was high when they were in older age, high educational, were married, worked at a clinic, income of 2501-3000 thousand won. Health promoting behavior had positive correlations between their emotional labor, quality of life, and job satisfaction. The regression analysis results Y(Health promotion behavior)= 1.452+ 0.318(Quality of life). Therefore, To improve the quality of life of the dental hygienist should be made health promoting education.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 2003

Objectives: The object of this study was to compare between perceived stress, coping strategies and quality of life between parents of childhood cancer and normal controls. Methods: Global assessment of recent stress(GARS) scale and symptom checklist-90-revised (SCL-90-R) were used to measure perception for stressors and stress responses(psychopathology). Coping scale and Smithklein Beecham quality of life scale were used to measure coping strategies and quality of life. Results: Scores of perceived stress related to interpersonal, changes in relationship, sickness or illness, financial, unusual happenings on the GARS scale were significantly higher in parents of childhood cancer than normal controls. Scores of the SCL-90-R, somatization, depression, anxiety, hostility subscale were also significantly higher in parents of childhood cancer than normal controls. Scores of self control and positive reappraisal were significantly higher in parents of childhood cancer than normal controls. Parents of childhood cancer scored significantly lower in quality of life than normal controls. Scores of depression were also significantly higher in parents of children diagnosed as acute lymphocytic leukemia(ALL) than those as acute nonlymphocytic leukemia(ANLL). Conclusions: The results suggest that patients with parents of childhood cancer were likely to have higher levels of perceived stressor and psychopathology and lower quality of life than normal controls.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.3444-3450
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• 2009

Our study was carried out to suggest the way of improving the accessibility of medical service through identifying the factors that make patients be hospitalized in non-residential area not in their residential area. The subjects were 523,782 inpatients of the 2005 Patient Survey data. The 2004 Hospital Evaluation data, the 2005 census data which were obtained from the Korean National Statistics Office, and the 2006 Survey on National Healthcare Resources data were used. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test and logistic regression in a SAS program. The most important factor was quality level of care of local hospitals. In the possibility of being hospitalized in non-residential areas, the region with the score of more than 9.5 per 100,000 people in the hospital evaluation was 8.3 times more than the region with the score of less than 9.5. However patients is hospitalized in the area with the hospitals with above 910 beds per 100,000 people more than in the area with the hospitals with less than 910 beds by 2.0 times. For the accessibility of medical services, government policy should focus on improving the quality of care in local hospitals not on increasing and distributing health care resources.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 1998

Purpose : Hospice Care is considered as one of the most perfect solutions for the problems brought up as the number of chronically ill patients are increasing rapidly and most of social welfare oriented countries are seeking the quality of life. Our former studies(1996, 1997) were to find out the current status of the hospice care in Korea by surveying terminally ill patients and their family members as well as medical professionals. The former study was also to conduct the operation research by developing an information service system for training of hospice care teams and volunteers, and hospice patients management. The purpose of this study was that hospice information service system was tested by home visiting hospice care through visiting nurses. Methods : From October 1, 1997 to March 31, 1998, Twenty six terminal cancer patients were included in this study from Seoul National University Hospital and other hospital. Databases and homepage, hospice information service system were designed and developed for the information needed for the hospice care before this study by our research team and this services were available through the internet. Visiting nurses were trained about this system and they visited the patients with PC notebook and provided them hospice care with hospice information system. They collected physical, psychiatric, social data of the subjects at the first visit and during hospice care at home. Results : Sixteen subjects(61.5%) died during the study and the mean survival was 20.7 days. Anorexia(96.2%), immobility(88.5%) and pain(84.6%) were the major symptom in the 26 subjects, Altered nutrition(26.1%) and pain(12.4%) were the most frequent diagnoses in 226 nursing diagnoses of the subjects. Families understood and demanded the hospice care more than patients. And most patients and families didn't demand spiritual or social care. Conclusion : Through this demonstration study, it was found that we have to provide the information of pain management and nutritional support for patients by the nurses and visiting hospice nurse. The information service system needs to be upgraded with information and manpower of spiritual and social care according to the findings.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.29-43
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• 2012

This study evaluated 23 botanic gardens and arboretums under two main categories including professional group and operational group. As for professional group, the main difference between the functions of botanic gardens and arboretums was analyzed. In the case of operational group compared professional group respectively, on categories including importance of function and implementation, seeking to provide fundamental data of botanic gardens and arboretums by enhancing the quality of visitors and examining functional differences. The result of a difference in arboretums' function between professional and operational groups, the study analyzed the importance of botanic gardens and arboretums in terms of detailed categories such as research, education, collection, display, retention, and service for visitors. As a result, professional group showed retention 4.32>education 4.11>research 4.09>service for visitors 4.05, and operational group showed retention 3.70>service 3.52>education 3.41>research 3.37, indicating that both groups had retention as the most selected answer. Looking closely at the functions of the currently implemented detailed categories of botanic gardens and arboretums, such as research, education, collection, display, retention, and service for visitors, the study showed that 91.3% selected rare species and individual multiplication for research function, 78.3% chose education of natural ecosystem for children for education, 73.9% answered space for experiencing nature for display, and 73.9% also replied managon, diof rare species, reproduction, and retention of native plants' species for retention category, and service for visitors showed 95.7% for implementation. The study could not clearly point out the influence between predictors due to absence of an established comprehensive evaluation model. Also, it analyzed and reviewed comparison of functions of professional group and operational group, but in the future, it should conduct study on a systemic and objective classification of botanic gardens and arboretums to clearly examine the difference in views between groups, which also requires, at the same time, study on management policy of botanic gardens and arboretums or suggesting guidelines that suit types of forms, and also study on facilities and program development that can be applied to each class.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.48-64
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• 1997

This study was conducted to evaluate the satisfaction level of interns and residents on training and job environment of two university hospitals in Pusan. The concept of subject's satisfaction was evaluated in general characteristics, socioeconomic status, working condition, human relationship, and job status and scored from 1 to 5. The newly developed questionnaire for this study(32 items) was revised and modified by the preliminary survey. The internal consistency of questionnaire was 0.73(Cronbach's alpha). The self-administered questionnaire was provided to 218 subjects and collected the answering from March 2 to March 25th, 1997, and statistical significances were tested by $x^2-test$, t-test and ANOVA. The satisfaction level between the residents group was significantly different, but satisfaction level of working condition, human relationship and job status showed no difference. The service division part showed highest(2.73) and the surgical division part showed lowest(2.57). The job satisfaction level between the subjects showed higher satisfaction level in working condition, socioeconomic status, and total satisfaction dimension, and intern group showed higher satisfaction level than resident group. Satisfaction level in human relationship dimension, resident group showed higher satisfaction level than intern group, but showed no statistically difference. To improve the working condition for residents, public welfare facilities was firstly suggested and the next was salary increase, overloaded work, respectively. For intern groups, overloaded work and waste work were firstly suggested and the next was public welfare facilities and salary increase, sequentially. The career gets longer, the satisfaction level on general characteristics of working condition, socioeconomic status, and total satisfaction level were increased. The subjects who have religion and higher socioeconomic status showed higher satisfaction level than the other group. The general satisfaction level of subjects in all dimensions showed lower aver age(3.0) and the overall satisfaction level showed below than average. Thus, in order to improvement of subject's working condition, higher quality of life is necessary rather than economic state. In future, these results might be considered to improve the working condition for interns and residents.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.44-59
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• 1994

Medical consumers(patients) want evening-clinic because of busy work. For patient's convenience and improving service, hospital should accept it. Considering payment system and patient's demand, personnel expenses, hospital can not accept. The practice of shift system to accept patient's demand and hospital's economic aspect was made. To analysis the effect of the system and probability to alternative to evening clinic this study was done. This study was composed of basal study, intervention, evaluation of effect. The basal study were composed of studying demand on evening clinic, the number of beds, doctors employee, the time table of practice and work, and the number of patients at arrival time. The intervention composed of changing of practice time, changing of working time by the number of patients at arrival time, increasing of employee. The evaluation of effect were composed of evaluating the number of patient at time, the effect of shift system, the comparison of the number of in and out patients and questionnairing the practice of shift system. In the practice time at 2 shift system First team works 7-15 hours and Second team 12-20 hours. there are no lunch and supper time. At 18-20 hours the number of patients were 25-30. The number of patient a depart were 6-7. The number of out-patient increase in 13% and inpatient increase in 10% before the system. Doctors(100%), employee(94.6%), and patients(86.4%) approved this system. The advantage of this system were utilization of surplus time, lengthen the practice time, even distribution of patients and shortening of waiting time, rapid treatment of emergent patients. The disadvantage of this system were shortage of manpower, not all depart practice, continuity of practice, no lunch and supper time, irregular rounding. At present because of small Demanding on evening clinic, this shift system was economical. To succeed this study more effectively all depart in hospital participate. But because of economical reason it is impossible for hospital to do it. If the government assist the economic loss that all depart participate in this system it is very helpful for hospital to succeed in implementing this system more early.