• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.360-368
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• 2010

This paper describes the flow field and the blade pressure distribution of a horizontal axis wind turbine in various yawed flow conditions. These measurements were carried out with 2.4m-diameter rotor with pressure sensors and a 2-dimensional laser Doppler velocimeter for each azimuth angle in a wind tunnel. The results show that aerodynamic forces of the blade based on the pressure measurements change according to the local angle of attack during rotation. Therefore the wake of the yawed rotor becomes asymmetric for the rotor axis. Furthermore, the relations between aerodynamic forces and azimuth angles change according to tip speed ratio. By the experimental analysis, the flow field and the aerodynamic forces for each azimuth angle in yawed flow condition were clarified.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.367-380
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• 2019

A 1kW-class horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) rotor blade is taken into account to investigate elastic characteristics in 2-D. The elastic blade field is composed of symmetric cross-ply laminated composite material. Blade element momentum theory is applied to obtain the boundary conditions pressuring the blade, and the plane stress elasticity problem is formulated in terms of two displacement parameters with mixed boundary conditions. For the elastic characteristics a fair of differential equations are derived based on the elastic theory. The domain is divided by triangular and rectangular elements due to the complexity of the blade configuration, and a finite element method is developed for the governing equations to search approximate solutions. The results describe that the elastic behavior is deeply influenced by the layered angle of the middle laminate and the stability of the blade can be improved by controlling the layered angle of laminates, which can be evaluated by the mathematical approach.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.886-895
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• 2009

The purpose of this work is to compare and analyze computed results with experimental data of NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) Phase VI for the whole operating conditions of various wind speeds using $\kappa-\omega$ turbulence model provided in the commercial code, FLUENT. Performance results such as power coefficient, shaft torque, pressure coefficient show a good agreement with experimental data. But, root bending moment is over-predicted than the experimentally measured value by about 30% for the whole operating conditions because of indefinite measurement reference. Nevertheless, these results qualitatively show a good tendency in the aspect of aerodynamic performance. As wind speed increases, streamlines on the surface of blade show more and more complex pattern.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2008

In modem wind power system of large capacity above 1MW, horizontal axis wind turbine(HAWT) is a common type. And, the optimum design of wind turbine to guarantee excellent power performance and its reliability in structure and longevity is a key technology in wind Industry. In this study, mathematical expressions based upon the conventional BEMT(blade element momentum theory) applying to basic 1MW wind turbine blade configuration design. Power coefficient and related flow parameters, such as Prandtl's tip loss coefficient, tangential and axial flow induction factors of the wind turbine analyzed systematically. X-FOIL was used to acquire lift and drag coefficients of the 2-D airfoils and we use Viterna-Corrigan formula to interpolate the aerodynamic characteristics in post-stall region. In order to predict the performance characteristics of the blade, a performance analysis carried out by BEMT method. As a results, axial and tangential flow factors, angle of attack, power coefficient investigated in this study.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.444-447
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• 2009

The optimum design and the performance analysis software called POSEIDON for the HAWT (Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine) was developed by use of BEMT. The Prandtl's tip loss theory was adopted to consider the blade tip loss. The aerodynamic characteristics of NACA 63415 airfoils were predicted via X-FOIL and the post stall characteristics were estimated by the Viterna's equations. All the predicted aerodynamic characteristics are fairly well agreed with the Velux wind tunnel test results. The rated power of the testing rotor is 5kW at design conditions. The power, estimated by use of predicted lift and drag coefficient via X-FOIL becomes a little higher than experimental one.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.356-362
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• 2007

The optimum design and the performance analysis software called POSEIDON for the HAWT (Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine) was developed by use of BEMT. The Prandtl's tip loss theory was adopted to consider the blade tip loss. The aerodynamic characteristics of NACA 63-415 airfoils were predicted via X-FOIL and the post stall characteristics were estimated by the Viterna's equations. All the predicted aerodynamic characteristics are fairly well agreed with the Velux wind tunnel test results. The rated power of the testing rotor is 1 kW at design conditions. The power, estimated by use of predicted lift and drag coefficient via X-FOIL becomes a little higher than experimental one.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1170-1179
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 수평축 풍력터빈인 NREL Phase VI를 대상으로 ANSYS FLUENT에서 제공하는 LES와 FW-H 상사식을 이용하여 풍력발전기로부터 방사되는 저주파 공력소음을 수치적으로 예측하는 것이다. 풍력발전기 공력소음에 관한 어떠한 실험적 자료가 존재하지 않으므로, 먼저 정격풍속에서 토크와 출력 등의 공력성능 수치결과를 실험결과와 비교하여 소음원 예측의 타당성을 검증한 후, 풍속 변화에 따른 공력소음 특성을 분석하였다. 그 결과 수치성능결과는 약0.8%이내에서 실험결과와 잘 일치하였다. 풍속이 증가함에 따라 사극자와 이극자에 의한 총음압레벨은 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 풍력터빈 허브중심으로부터 거리가 증가함에 따라 원방에서는 $r^{-1}$, 근방에서는 $r^{-2}$에 비례하여 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 거리가 두배 증가함에 따른 총음압레벨은 약 6dB 감소하였다.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.288-294
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• 2010

In recent years, wind energy has been the world's fastest growing source of energy. This paper describes the structural design and analysis of composite blade for 2 kW-level HAWT (horizontal axis wind turbine). The aerodynamic design and force, which are required to design and analyze a composite blade structurally, are calculated through BEMT(blade element momentum theory) implemented in public code PROPID. To obtain the equivalent material properties of filament wound composite blades, the rule-of-mixture is applied using the basic material properties of fiber and matrix, respectively. Lay-up sequence, ply thickness and ply angle are designed to satisfy the loading conditions. Structural analysis by using commercial software ABAQUS is performed to compute the displacement and strength ratio of filament wound composite blades.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제40권7호
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• pp.564-573
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• 2012

새롭게 제안된 공력 설계 절차와 In-house 프로그램을 이용하여 1 MW급 수평축풍력 터빈 블레이드의 형상을 결정하였고, 기존에 개발된 블레이드의 실험 결과와 본 연구에서 제안한 블레이드와의 비교를 통하여 공력 설계에 대한 타당성을 제시하였다. 블레이드의 구조 설계는 Netting Rule과 Rule of Mixture를 적용하여 설계를 진행하였다. 설계된 블레이드의 구조적 안전성은 상업적 유한요소프로그램인 MSC.NASTRAN을 사용하여 다양한 하중에 따라 선형 정적해석, 변형해석, 좌굴해석, 진동모드해석 등을 수행하였다. 최종적으로 Spera가 제시한 실험식을 적용하여 요구된 피로수명에 대해 타당성을 확인하였다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.891-898
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• 2007

피치 제어형 수평축 풍력터빈에 대한 공력최적 설계 형상과 피치 변화에 따른 공력 성능 특성을 수치적으로 계산하였다. 수치적 방법은 날개 요소이론을 적용하였으며, Prandtl의 팁 손실 효과, 에어포일의 분포 효과, 후류의 회전 효과 등을 고려하였다. 블레이드 설계에는 총 6개의 서로 다른 에어포일을 사용하였으며, 구조적 강성을 갖기 위해서 허브 측에는 최대 40% 두께비의 에어포일을 분포시켰다. 최적 설계에서 얻어진 비선형 코드 길이는 제작성과 무게 등을 고려하여 선형화 시켰고, 선형화에 따른 공력성능 변화는 무시할만하다는 결과를 얻어내었다. 피치각 변화에 따른 동력성능, 추력성능, 토크 성능 곡선을 비교한 결과 $3^{\circ}$의 피치각 변화에도 민감한 공력 값의 변동이 생김을 알 수 있었고, 정밀한 피치 제어를 위한 각도 제어는 증분이 $3^{\circ}$보다 작은 값으로 피치 제어 알고리즘과 피치 구동 장치가 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 최대 토크는 설계속도비보다 작은 속도비에서 발생되는 결과를 보여주었다.