• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.492-501
• /
• 2013

본 논문에서는 S-밴드에서 하나의 급전 회로로 4개의 편파(수직 편파, 수평 편파, 좌선회 편파, 우선회 편파)를 선택적으로 사용할 수 있는 다중 편파 재구성 마이크로스트립 안테나를 제안하였다. 제안된 안테나는 십자 슬롯과 원형 슬롯을 포함하는 정사각형 형태의 마이크로스트립 패치와 4개의 PIN 다이오드로 구성되어 있으며, 커플링을 통한 급전 방식을 이용한다. 각각의 PIN 다이오드에는 직류 전압을 인가하기 위한 바이어스 단이 있으며, 직류 전압의 인가에 따른 다이오드 ON / OFF 동작으로 편파를 재구성할 수 있다. 제작된 안테나는 수직 편파(3.17~3.21 GHz), 수평 편파(3.16~3.20 GHz), 좌선회 편파(3.08~3.19 GHz), 우선회 편파(3.10~3.20 GHz)에서 VSWR 2:1을 만족하며, 선형 편파에서는 20 dB 이상의 교차 편파 및 5 dBi 이상의 이득 특성을 갖고, 원형편파에서는 50 MHz 이상의 3 dB 축비 특성을 나타낸다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제26권12호
• /
• pp.1717-1725
• /
• 2013

The objectives of this study were to compare visual observation and an electronic grazing time method and to evaluate the effects of nutritional plans on intake, grazing behavior and horizontal and vertical locomotion of young bulls in a tropical pasture. Thirty-nine Nellore young bulls with an average body weight of $345{\pm}9.3$ kg kept in pasture were used. The experimental treatments consisted of: restricted: animals kept in a plot with a low mass of forage receiving mineral mixture only; control: animals receiving mineral mixture only; HPHC: a high protein and high carbohydrate supplement; HPLC: a high protein and low carbohydrate supplement; LPHC: a low protein and high carbohydrate supplement; LPLC: a low protein and low carbohydrate supplement. GPS collars equipped with activity sensors were used. Information about head position, latitude, longitude and altitude were recorded. Daytime grazing behavioral patterns monitored by a continuous focal animal recording method was compared to behavior estimated by the activity sensor. Feed intake was estimated by a marker method. The Restricted group presented lower (p<0.05) intake of dry matter and TDN. However, difference in dry matter intake was not found (p>0.05) between non-supplemented and supplemented animals. Difference was not found (p>0.05) in daytime grazing time obtained by visual observation or the activity sensor method. The restricted group showed longer (p<0.05) grazing time (9.58 h/d) than other groups, but difference was not found (p>0.05) in the grazing time between Control (8.35 h/d) and supplemented animals (8.03 h/d). The Restricted group presented lower (p<0.05) horizontal locomotion distance (2,168 m/d) in comparison to other groups (2,580.6 m/d). It can be concluded that the use of activity sensor methods can be recommended due to their being similar to visual observation and able to record 24-h/d. While supplements with high carbohydrates reduce pasture intake, they do not change grazing behavior. Moderate supplementation (until 50% of protein requirement and 30% of energy requirement) of beef cattle on tropical pasture has no effect on daily locomotion.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.91-102
• /
• 1979

The basic problem of the broiler industry is that of fluctuating prices, mainly thanks to unstable supply of and inelastic demand for products as usually indicated as a peculiarity of agricultural commodities. This particularly brings the producer to a great economic risk, because he has to sell products under the condition of pure competition, whereas others from whom he has to buy deal under the condition of oligopoly or even monopoly. Therefore, producers economic position is generally placed in the worst comparing others dealing with, which results in unbalanced economic status of elements involved in broiler operation and further obstruction of industry development as a whole. A certain type of business coordination to overcome such a problem should be measured in order to improve the efficiency of entire operation and thus assure the balanced industry development. The concept of the economic integration developed in modern business system had been adapted to U.S. poultry industry which became common later around the world as a means of stabilizing producers price and whole industry as well. There are two main typos of integration; horizontal and vertical The former refers to the general grouping of similar business units, eg. a hatchery tying with other hatchery, while the latter refers to the knitting together of two or more stages of economic activities, eg. tying together among units of hatching, fled milling, production, processing and marketing. By having the industry integrated, risk and uncertainty involved in various stages of operation could be diversified. The typo of integrating contract between producers and integrators include the share of profits, flat fee payment, feed conversion payment and salary basis. In the U.S., extensive changes in production, processing, and marketing during the last few decades have changed the thicken broiler industry from one of small, widely scattered farms to one that is largo, concentrated and efficient. More than 99 percent of all broilers produced are grown under contract and by integrated firms which vary in size of operation and complexity. About 84 percent of all production is concentrated in 10 States. Some of the other factors ;hat contributed to these choses arc costs, energy use, prices, processing, marketing and demand. No integrated broiler production system has yet been applied in Korea's poultry industry, thus all stages all broiler operation run independently seeking for its own profit. Consequently, producers price fluctuate very widely around the year even more than 50 percent in a few months. This also leads to disadvantages of material supplies, processors and distributors and enforce the industry unstable. The current economic environment in Korea seems that the time for broiler integration comes and as an ideal integrator, feed millers, food processors and producers group may be considered.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.22-33
• /
• 1984

Husk separator is an indispensable equipment in rice milling plants. However, any basic research on the designing and operating criteria of the husk separator have rarely been conducted in Korea. According to the survey results reported recently, grain loss occurs in the process of rice husk separation at custom rice milling plants in Korea and the performance of husk separator has also not been identified. With this regard this study was conducted with a typical commercial husk separator to investigate the effect of the operational factors such as feed rate, blower speed and opening ratio on the velocity distribution in the air duct and the performance of the separator. The results are summerized as follows: 1. The average wind velocity in the primary air duct increased linearly with the blower rpm and the size of air inlet port in both cases of double type and single type operations. 2. The coefficient of variation in the horizontal wind velocities in the primary air duct was the minimum when the opening ratio was 0.22 ($0.052m^2$ of air inlet port) in both cases of single type and double type operations regardless of the blower speeds used in this test. The average wind velocity at the upper part of air duct was greater by 2-5 m/s than the velocity at the bottom part in double type operation. In case of single type operation, however, the average velocity in the middle part was greater than the upper or bottom part when the opening ratio was greater than 0.74. 3. The relationship between the overall effectiveness of separation(Ed for double type and Es for single type) and the average wind velocity (Va) in the primary air duct was expressed in the following quadratic functions. $$Ed=-190.84+106.18Va-10.052Va^2$$ ($r^2$ = 0.97782) $$Es=-223.76+106.23Va-9.1935Va^2$$ ($r^2$ = 0.97029) The average wind velocity required to obtain the overall effectiveness of separation more than 80% ranged from 4.04 m/sec to 5.84 m/sec in case of double type operation, and from 4.70 m/sec to 6.20 m/sec in case of single type. 4. An optimum wind velocity can be obtained with an increase in the blower speed or the size of air inlet port as presented in Figure 8. There was a tendency that the faster the blower speed, the narrower the control range of the air inlet port. 5. The feed rates (1850kg/hr and 2100kg/hr) adopted in this experiment did not bring about a significant difference in both the overall effectiveness of separation and the power consumption. 6. The energy consumption increased cubically with the blower speed but linearly with the size of the air inlet port. On the basis of the results described in items 1, 3, and 6, it would be more economic to adjust the size of the air inlet port larger with a relatively low blower speed than to adjust the size smaller with a relatively high speed.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제11권5호
• /
• pp.853-859
• /
• 2007

본 논문은 Ku-대역 위성 통신에서 배열 안테나의 하나의 단일 안테나로 사용 가능한 송/수신 겸용 구조의 마이크로스트립 패치 배열 안테나에 관한 것이다. 본 논문에 제시된 마이크로스트립 패치 배열 안테나의 단일소자인 하나의 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나는 고이득과 광대역 특성을 구현하기 위하여 한 개의 방사패치와 두 개의 기생패치로 구성된 삼중 적층 구조 형태로 설계하였다. 이러한 단일 패치 안테나 소자는 고이득의 특성을 얻기 위하여 $1{\times}8$ 배열 구조로 배열하였으며, 안테나 크기 및 급전 손실을 고려하여 직렬과 병렬 급전을 혼합하여 급전 회로를 설계하였다. 제안된 삼중 적층 송/수신 겸용 배열 안테나는 무궁화 3호 위성과의 방송 및 통신 송수신을 위해 송신 주파수대역($14.0{\sim}14.5GHz$)은 수직편파, 수신 주파수대역($11.1{\sim}12.75GHz$)은 수평편파로 설계하였다. 설계한 안테나의 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 삼중 적층 구조의 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나를 실제 제작 및 측정하였다. 그 결과 송/수신 대역 내에서 배열 안테나 이득은 $17{\sim}18dBi$이고, 임피던스 대역폭은 전대역에서 10% 이상의 결과를 보이며, 교차편파 레벨은 -25 dB 이하, 부엽레벨은 -9.4 dB 이하의 양호한 결과를 보였다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.418-430
• /
• 2009

두루미류 취식무리의 미소 취식지 선호에 대한 특성을 밝히기 위하여 철원지역에서 월동기인 2005년 12월에서 2006년 2월, 2007년 1월에서 2월까지 총 12회 실시하였다. 두루미와 재두루미가 먹이로 하는 쌀 낙곡의 밀도는 논의 중앙보다 가장자리에 많았다. 하지만, 두루미류는 논의 중앙보다는 논둑 인근 지역을 취식장소로 이용하는 경우가 많았다. 상대적으로 재두루미는 두루미에 비하여 논의 중앙 지역을 취식장소로 이용하는 비율이 높았다. 두루미의 경우 논둑이 높고 논둑 식생의 높이가 높은 경우와 논둑 높이와 식생의 높이를 합한 높이가 높은 경우를 취식위치로 선호하였다. 재두루미는 논둑, 식생, 논둑과 식생의 높이 합이 키에 비하여 높은 경우를 선호하지 않았다. 또한, 두루미와 재두루미에서 모두 은폐지역에서 취식하는 비율이 날씨요인과 관계가 없었다. 이러한 결과는 두루미류가 개방된 취식지(수평가시권이 넓은 지역)를 선호한다는 기존 가설과는 달리 은폐된 취식지를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 종간의 비교에서는 두루미가 재두루미에 비하여 은폐된 지역을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 무리크기별 은폐지역과 비은폐지역 취식비율은 두루미와 재두루미 모두 무리크기를 고려하지 않은 취식비율과 차이가 없었다. 결과적으로 두루미가 은폐지역을 선호하고 재두루미가 은폐지역에 상관없이 취식지를 선택하는 경향은 취식무리의 크기에 좌우되지 않는 종 특이적인 성향을 보였다.

• 한국지구과학회지
• /
• 제38권7호
• /
• pp.469-480
• /
• 2017

Controversy has surrounded the potential impacts of phytoplankton on the tropical climate, since climate models produce diverse behaviors in terms of the equatorial mean state and El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) amplitude. We explored biophysical impacts on the tropical ocean temperature using an ocean general circulation model coupled to a biogeochemistry model in which chlorophyll can modify solar attenuation and in turn feed back to ocean physics. Compared with a control model run excluding biophysical processes, our model with biogeochemistry showed that subsurface chlorophyll concentrations led to an increase in sea surface temperature (particularly in the western Pacific) via horizontal accumulation of heat contents. In the central Pacific, however, a mild cold anomaly appeared, accompanying the strengthened westward currents. The magnitude and skewness of ENSO were also modulated by biophysical feedbacks resulting from the chlorophyll affecting El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ and La $Ni{\tilde{n}}a$ in an asymmetric way. That is, El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ conditions were intensified by the higher contribution of the second baroclinic mode to sea surface temperature anomalies, whereas La $Ni{\tilde{n}}a$ conditions were slightly weakened by the absorption of shortwave radiation by phytoplankton. In our model experiments, the intensification of El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ was more dominant than the dampening of La $Ni{\tilde{n}}a$, resulting in the amplification of ENSO and higher skewness.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제22권8호
• /
• pp.1186-1194
• /
• 2009

The objective of this study was to estimate the optimum dietary essential amino acid pattern for male Taiwan country chicks. A series of experiments was conducted with chicks, 14 d of age, for 2 wks. A basal synthetic diet was established using a dose response test for all essential amino acids referring to the broiler requirements recommended by NRC (1994). Twelve chicks were sacrificed at the beginning to provide initial body nitrogen data, and every group of six birds received the basal diet or a diet with a deficiency in a single essential amino acid in twenty one treatments by intubation according to their daily metabolic body weight (MBW). Deposited body nitrogen was determined using comparative slaughtering. According to the daily intake from the limiting amino acid per unit of MBW and the body nitrogen accretion rates for every two deficient groups with the same limiting amino acid but at different levels, a corresponding straight line was computed for each essential amino acid to intersect with a horizontal line made by the body nitrogen accretion rate of the control group. The x coordinate of the intersection represented the daily requirement for growth plus maintenance based on MBW corresponding to the essential amino acid. The amino acid ratios can be considered as the optimum pattern of dietary essential amino acids. The results, expressed with respect to lysine = 100, were arginine 105, methionine 81, histidine 34, tryptophan 18, leucine 103, phenylalanine 135, isoleucine 69, threonine 65 and valine 79. This pattern could be utilized to compute the dietary requirements (g/kg feed) for all essential amino acids by multiplying by the requirement of a single essential amino acid cited from the literature.

• 한국항행학회논문지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.23-35
• /
• 2000

본 논문에서는 적층된 구조에 의한 광대역 방법을 사용하여 PCS 기지국용 안테나 설계를 연구하였다. 적층된 구간의 마이크로스트립 안테나의 특성변화에 민감한 파라미터들 즉, 기생소자의 크기, 상하패치 사이의 공기층 높이, 급전점 변화 등을 각각 분류하고 시뮬레이션을 통하여 특성을 고찰하였다. 설계된 안테나는 임피던스 대역폭이 257.5MHz(VSWR${\leq}$2), 수평빔폭 $64.1^{\circ}$, 이득 14.7dBi인 비교적 양호한 특성을 확인하였다. 본 논문에서 연구한 적층된 마이크로스트립 안테나의 설계를 통하여 국내 PCS 기지국용 안테나로의 이용 가능성을 고찰하였다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제16권12호
• /
• pp.1194-1205
• /
• 2005

본 논문에서는 접지면을 변형시킨 대역 저지 특성을 갖는 CPW 급전 타원형 UWB 안테나를 제안하였다. UWB 시스템 전대역(3.1 GHz${\~}$10.6 GHz)에서 2 이하의 VSWR을 만족하는 특성을 구현하였고, IEEE 802.11a에 의한 5 GHz대역(5.15 GHz${\~}$5.825 GHz)과의 간섭을 차단하기 위해 복사 소자에 수평 슬롯을 삽입하여 안테나를 제작${\cdot}$측정하였다. 뒷면에 접지면이 없는 단일 평면의 CPW 급전 구조를 사용해 제작이 용이하였고, 초박형, 초소형화가 가능하였다. 측정 결과 UWB 전대역에서 -10 dB 이하의 양호한 반사 손실과 2.1 dB${\~}$4.75 dB의 최대 이득을 보였으며 전방향 복사 패턴을 나타내었고, 선형 위상 특성을 보였다.