• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

In this study, several new types of floating breakwater are proposed according to the geometry of the vertical barrier and the existence of horizontal plate, and are compared to the steel floating breakwater adopted in Won-Jun fishing port and the performance of wave control is numerically investigated by using Green function method. From the numerical results, model attached the horizontal barrier under the vertical barrier is more efficient for reflection and transmission coefficient than the steel floating breakwater in Won-Jun fishing port. It is confirmed that the transmitted waves can be controlled efficiently by optimizing the length and distance of a vertical and horizontal barriers.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.487-495
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was conducted to make a comparative biomechanical analysis of X-factor and X-factor stretch during driver and iron swing. The subjects were composed of 10 professional golfers with more than 10 years career. The result was as follows: First, the analysis of the back swing with driver and iron swing showed no differences statistically between both the timing in horizontal rotating of shoulder and hip, the time required for X-factor stretch also showed no differences statistically. Second, the back swing with a driver swing showed more maximum horizontal rotation of shoulder and hip joint than the back swing with an iron swing, but the twist of shoulder and hip that was X-factor stretch angle showed no difference. Third, the GRF of the max value for the left and right foot during shoulder and hip horizontal rotation of back swing showed no differences statistically in the movement of driver and iron swing during the back swing, and the GRF of X-factor stretch for the left and right foot showed no differences statistically in driver and iron swing. Therefore the result of this research showed that the operation of torso(X-factor stretch) and weight shifting were similar although the horizontal rotation of body was different during the driver and iron swing.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.61-78
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• 2018

Foreign subsidiary operation modes can be broadly divided into horizontal subsidiaries and vertical subsidiaries. According to institutional theory, foreign subsidiary operation mode differs depending on the host country institution. This study examines the effects of formal and informal institution on the foreign subsidiary operational mode of Korean firms. As a result of the empirical analysis, the higher the cultural distance and the lower political risks, the more favored the vertical foreign operation mode than the horizontal foreign operation mode. On the other hand, the higher the economic freedom and the lower corruption, the more favored the horizontal foreign operation mode than the vertical foreign operation mode.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.117-125
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• 2021

PURPSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the labio-lingual alterations of the alveolar bone where the implant was placed immediately after tooth extraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Implants were placed immediately after tooth extraction on anterior alveolar ridges in the maxilla and mandible. The pinguide system was used to help determine the location and path of implants during the surgical process. The horizontal distance from implants to the outer border of alveolar bone was measured at the rim and middle of the implants in the cone beam computed tomography images. The alteration of alveolar bone was evaluated comparing the horizontal distances measured immediately after surgery and 3 months after surgery. RESULTS. The results show that more resorption occurred towards the labial bone than the lingual bone in the maxilla. A similar amount of labial and lingual bone resorption was observed in the mandible. CONCLUSION. Considering the horizontal alteration of alveolar bone, labio-lingual positioning of the implant towards the lingual bone in the maxilla and at the center of the alveolar ridge in the mandible is recommended when it is placed immediately after tooth extraction.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.126-131
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• 2002

Anatomical shape of the mandibular ramus, which includes the area from the rear of the mandibular second molar to the mandibular posterior border and from the mandibular sigmoid notch to the inferior mandibular border, must be carefully considered to perform orthognathic surgery. The locations of the lingula and mandibular foramen in medial side of mandibular ramus are one of the most important factors to decide the location of the horizontal medial osteotomy in sagittal split ramus osteotomy and to select the line of vertical osteotomy in intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy. Sixty-five different Korean human dry mandibles were surveyed. All mandible have permanent dentition including complete eruption of the mandibular second molar. The locations of the lingula and mandibular foramen in medial side of the ramus were identified and following results were obtained. Anterior ramal horizontal distance from lingula was $16.13{\pm}3.53mm(range:8.6{\sim}24.3mm)$, anterior ramal horizontal distance from mandibular foramen was $23.91{\pm}4.79mm(range: 14.1{\sim}39.7mm)$, horizontal width of mandibular foramen was $2.79{\pm}0.95mm(range:1.5{\sim}6.1mm)$, height of lingula was $10.51{\pm}3.84mm(range:3.1{\sim}22.4mm)$, vertical distance from sigmoid notch to lingula was $19.82{\pm}5.11mm(range:9.1{\sim}35.3mm)$. From this study, the result could be used to select the location of osteotomy lines and to decide amount of periosteal elevation to avoid injury of neurovascular bundle, and to accomplish the appropriate split in Korean patients in mandibular orthognathic surgery.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.349-355
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• 1996

For a rail traffic noise, a typical source has a length of 200m - 400m so that the noise pollution areas have been located in the transition regions where the sound level drops between 3dB/dd and 6dB/dd. Therefore, in this region, parameters such as a horizontal distance from the track, the geometry of the ground surface, the environmental effect, and the boundary impedance condition play import roles, especially in our nation's situation. In this study, modelling techniques for the finite length of noise source have been investigated in order to evaluate the rail traffic noise level. Then. noise correction value .${\Delta}$SPL for various location in the track region is represented by the non-dimensionalized horizontal and parallel distance from the track. As an application, a high speed train is examined. Beas on the noise data measured for a Eurostar in France, the sound power value per unit length $H_1$is calcuated. It turns out that$H_1$is 109 dB. Overall sound power from the highspeed train to be serviced in our country is expected to 135 dBA.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.60-68
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• 2012

Focusing on the load tunnel, this study assessed the behavior of rock pillars with less than 0.5D of the minimized distance between the two horizontal tunnels by using a three dimensional numerical analysis. Based on a parameter affecting the behavior of rock pillars, this study evaluated different safety factors according to pillar width, depth and rock conditions. It turned out that as the pillar width increases, the current curve of safety factors in accordance with depth and rock conditions shows more of the nonlinear behavior. Judging from the minimum safety factor, the study suggested a design chart, working on the minimized distance between the two horizontal tunnels.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.41
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• pp.21.1-21.3
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• 2019

Background: Treatment planning the correction of a transverse maxillary occlusal plane cant often involves a degree of qualitative "eyeballing", with the attendant possibility of error in the estimated judgement. A simple chair side technique permits quantification of the extent of asymmetry and thereby quantitative measurements for the correction of the occlusal plane cant. Methods: A measuring instrument may be constructed by soldering the edge of a stainless steel dental ruler at 90° to the flat surface of a similar ruler. With the patient either standing in natural head position, or alternatively seated upright in the dental chair, and a dental photographic retractor in situ, the flat under-surface of the horizontal part of this measuring instrument is placed on a unilateral segment of a bilateral structure, e.g. the higher maxillary canine orthodontic bracket hook. The vertical ruler is held next to the contralateral canine tooth, and the vertical distance measured directly from the canine bracket to the flat under-surface of the horizontal part of the measuring instrument. Results: This vertical distance quantifies the overall extent of movement required to level the maxillary occlusal plane. Conclusions: This measuring instrument and simple chair side technique helps to quantify the overall extent of surgical levelling required and may be a useful additional technique in our clinical diagnostic armamentarium.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.29-40
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• 2004

This paper reports the frequency characteristics and the time response of parallel adjacent-transmission lines, crossed adjacent-transmission lines and parallel adjacent-transmission lines which are on the different planes by using FDTD-PML method. In the parallel adjacent-transmission lines, the crosstalks as a function of horizontal distance are calculated and in the crossed adjacent- transmission lines, the crosstalks as a function of vertical distance are simulated. Also, the crosstalks as functions of horizontal and vertical distances are measured and analyzed in the parallel adjacent-transmission lines which are on the different planes.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1979

A model study was conducted for the interpretation of simple geologic structures. Experiments were carried out for the cases of two horizontal beds and dipping beds in a water tank by using Wenner and Schlumberger arrays respectively. As a geologic stratum of experimental model, cement be (cement: sand=1:2) of $70cm{\times}60cm{\times}10cm$ was used. It was found out from a preliminary experiment that a measuring sounding of Wenner arrays is one third of the distance between two current electrodes, and Schlumberger arrays is one fourth of the distance which is a half of the value determined by usual method of calculation. Equi-resistivity curves were obtained for the cases of horizontal beds and dipping beds, and mapped on the longitudinal and cross sections of the water tank. These curves delineate the shape and degree of dip of bed to some extent. The calculation of depth to beds by using a master curve is somewhat complicated and inexact. In this study, new method for this calculation using a ${\rho}_a/{\rho}_1-a$ graph was proposed, and turned out that this method is simpler and exact.