• 복식
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• 제19권
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• pp.209-240
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• 1992

The costume of any nation is an attribute of a culture. This study concerns chinese and Mongolian costume's 'collar' form according to the observation of some reports about import folk materials and the pictures of the genuine objects, the author has investigated and rearranged them focusing on 13th Century's. 1. Traditional OverCoat or National costume on the poing of won dynasty in china such as Jacket, Coat, Mantle for making classical matching color, lacing, pearl pieces, and all costume shall be properly decorated and disigned. The example, Chinese Women's Gown and Double Jacket, on top of alignment of plaid, focus shall be placed on chinese classical form and color-matching, such as flowers and bireds, butterflies, made wishing ornaments, which shall be either hand painted or embroidered on collars, fronts, sleeves openings, and lower portion of gown. 2. Mongolian Costume, the stone status of a person, are seen at the territory of the Republic of Mongolia was a powerful country of Asia. So during the Mongolian Empire a lot of Missions from many countries came to kharakorom for establishing official relations between Mongolia and a country represented by mission. In particularly, the costume of mongols on the point of Chinggis khan Empire which the upper clothes in cluded ; a several kinds of the Caftan as compared with in Korea as to material (Silk caftan, Cotton Caftan, Fur Caftan) with closing to the right due to overlapping and Stand-up-Shawl Collars will pancho style & Round or V Neckline. 3. As compared with in Korea it is said that this a sort of Simui was brought in prior to the middle of Koryeo dynasty. Korean Simui system was complied with chinese system through confucian domestic behaviour. This was respected for court dress of confucian scholars, as it was, Chumri can ordinary dress of schloars) and Hakchangui ( a uniform of confucian student). Generally its form or shape of the outer lapels of Korean jacket were used together Squar-Tray-Collar. In late Yi-dynasty the inside collar length was longer than the outside collar length and the width of the collar was gradually narrow. And so the Traditional costume's outer collar of Jacket and OverCoat became small while the width and length of breast-tie became large. The same thing as the form of the collar on these days had been appeared by the design method or adjust one's dress. Therefore the form of collar in the china and Mongolian Traditional OverCoat & National Costume is fix arranged according to Stand up Collar, Without Collar, Clothing to the Right, Central opening, Horizontal Row of Button with Round or V Neckline and so on.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2016

In general, the crash reduction effect of the rumble strip is reported to be about 30% in Korea, while it is about 40-60% in the United States. However, the effect is erroneously overestimated because the simple comparison was only made before and after the installation. Accordingly, this study will reassess the crash reduction effect of the rumble strip. The study will also examine the former's geometric characteristics as well as its effect on the causes of the crash. This study analyzed the crash effect while taking into consideration the changes in the horizontal and vertical alignment, including the width of pavement shoulders, using the crash data for two years before and after the installation of the rumble strip. The types of crash caused by the rumble strip were identified using the classification discriminant function. The crash effect on the rumble strip is estimated to be 28.3%, but the pure effect, with the exception of the effect by other elements, was analyzed to be 7.4%. For each expressway design element, the downhill section (2.0-3.0%), the section with less than 3,000 m and more than 10,000 m of the curve radius, and the section with less than 3.0 m of the pavement shoulder width were found to be effective in crash reduction. For each cause of crash, the rumble strip was analyzed to be effective in the reduction of crash caused by "not keeping the safe distance", "sleeping", "negligence in keeping eyes forward", and "excessive handle operation". In particular, the rumble strip was analyzed and seen to be especially effective in preventing crash caused by "not keeping a safe distance," and "sleeping". The installation of the rumble strip was found to be effective in the prevention of crash caused by "not keeping the safe distance" and "sleeping". The results of this study may thus be used in deciding the causes of crash and the installation location of the tailored rumble strip that would be suitable for the geometric characteristics of the roads. This study will also be helpful in the establishment of future traffic safety measures.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.373-380
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• 2012

목적: 본 연구에서는 각막 이심률과 RGP 렌즈의 중심안정위치와의 상관관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 각막 이심률이 0.28~0.78인 각막 84안을 대상으로 구면 및 비구면 RGP 렌즈를 피팅 상태를 달리하여 착용시키고 각막에서의 중심안정위치를 초고속 카메라로 촬영하여 분석하였다. 결과: 구면과 비구면 RGP 렌즈의 수평방향 중심안정위치는 이심률이 작은 각막에서는 귀쪽으로의 치우쳐짐이 컸으나 이심률이 큰 경우는 각막 중심에 더 가까이 위치하였다. 구면 및 비구면 RGP 렌즈 모두 피팅 상태가 플랫할수록 이심률에 따른 중심안정위치의 차이가 커졌으며, 비구면 RGP 렌즈의 경우 각막 이심률이 작은 경우와 큰 경우 모두 중심안정위치의 차이가 구면 RGP 렌즈 보다 더 적었다. 구면 및 비구면 RGP 렌즈 착용 시 수직방향으로의 중심안정위치는 피팅 상태에 상관없이 모두 각막 중심을 기준으로 아래쪽에 위치하였으며 각막 이심률에 따른 차이는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 그러나 이심률이 클수록 RGP 렌즈가 상안검에 맞닿는 경우가 많았다. 결론: 각막 이심률에 따라 구면 RGP 렌즈뿐만 아니라 비구면 RGP 렌즈의 중심안정위치가 달라졌으므로 RGP 렌즈의 피팅 및 제조 시에 이러한 점들이 고려되어야 할 것으로 보인다.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 차량 이용이 많은 도심지역 편도 2차선의 도로 상에서 차량과 차량 사이에 통신이 이루어지는 경우 송.수신 차량 좌, 우측 반사체와 인접한 차량들에 의해 발생하는 다중경로파의 영향을 고려한 전파예측모델을 제안하였다. 이 때 곡선 도로의 반경을 600[m], 곡선도로의 거리는 $5.24\sim471.2[m]$, 도로교각은 $5o\sim45o$, 곡선도로에 위치한 수신차량은 도로교각과 곡선도로의 거리변화에 대응하여 최소 3.3[m]에서 최대 29.5[m]간격으로 변화시키면서 시뮬레이션 하였다. 그 결과 도로교각이 $5o\sim15o$인 경우 전파경로손실의 경우 수신 차량의 곡선도로 위치에 관계없이 1[dB]이내였고, $15o\sim45o$인 경우 도로교각이 변화함에 따라 대략 $1\sim8[dB]$이었다. 그리고 전파경로의 경우에는 도로교각의 변화에 따라 $0.4\sim120[m]$까지 변화함을 알 수 있었다. 이 때 전파경로 차가 120[m] 발생함에 따른 전파지연시간은 400[nsec]이다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2011

Ultrasonography (US) is a recent technique that has proven to be useful for assessing muscle thickness and guiding the rehabilitation decision-making of clinicians and researchers. The purpose of this study was to determine the inter-rater reliability of the US measurement of transversus abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) thicknesses for different probe locations and measurement techniques. Twenty healthy volunteers were recruited in this study. Muscle thicknesses of the transversus TrA, IO, and EO were measured three times in the hook-lying position. The three different probe locations were as follows: 1) Probe location 1 (PL1) was below the rib cage in direct vertical alignment with the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS). 2) Probe location 2 (PL2) was halfway between the ASIS and the ribcage along the mid-axillary line. 3) Probe location 3 (PL3) was halfway between the iliac crest and the inferior angle of the rib cage, with adjustment to ensure the medial edge of the TrA. The two different techniques of thickness measurement from the captured images were as follows: 1) Muscle thickness was measured in the middle of the muscle belly, which was centered within the captured image (technique A; TA). 2) Muscle thickness was measured along a horizontal reference line located 2 cm apart from the medial edge of the TrA in the captured image (technique B; TB). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC [3,k]) was used to calculate the inter-rater reliability of the thickness measurement of TrA, IO and EO using the values from both the first and second examiner. In all three muscles, moderate to excellent reliability was found for all conditions (probe locations and measurement techniques) (ICC=.70~.97). In the PL1-TA condition, inter-rater reliability in the three muscle thicknesses was good to excellent (ICC=.85~.96). The reliability of all measurement conditions was excellent in IO (ICC=.95~.97). Therefore, the findings of this study suggest that TA can be applied to PL1 by clinicians and researchers in order to measure the thickness of abdominal muscles.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.160-165
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 드론 무선충전을 위해 지상 고정 무선전력전송 송신기에 착륙하는 드론과 같이, 고정 송신기와 상대적인 거리 및 코일 정렬이 변화하는 수신기에 적용하는 6.78 MHz 자기공진 무선전력전송 기술을 제안하였다. 송신 및 수신 코일간 상대 거리와 코일 면적 부정렬비 등에 따른 전력전달 특성을 연구하였다. 송수신 코일은 직접 급전방식으로 60×80mm² 크기로 설계하고 상대거리 최대 50mm에서 수평 방향 면적 부정렬 상태를 가정하여 코일 중심축이 XY평면에서 각각 0-40mm 어긋날 때 특성을 유도하였다. 송수신 코일간 거리 및 면적 부정렬비에 따라 3차원 전자계 시뮬레이션을 통한 전력전송특성을 유도하고 제작한 시스템 특성을 시뮬레이션과 비교하였다. 무선전력전송 송수신 코일간 시뮬레이션 특성과 측정치는 수직거리 최대 30mm, 50% 면적 부정렬 상태에서-3dB 이상의 전달특성을 나타내었다. 본 연구를 통해 송수신기간의 상대거리 및 부정렬 상황에 따라 직접 급전 방식에 따른 특성을 예측할 수 있었으며 직접 급전 방식은 송수신 코일간 상대적 거리가 짧고 부정렬 면적비가 작아 결합계수가 큰 경우 유리함을 알수 있었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.509-519
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• 2000

Enlow의 구조적 대응체 분석법은 개개인에서 두개안면의 구성양상이 발달되어온 해부학적, 발육학적 특징의 복합체를 설명하고자 하는 것으로 다수의 평균에 의한 정상치와 비교하는 것이 아니고 개인에게서 나타나는 값을 비교하여 분석하는 방법이다. 본 연구의 목적은 두개안면의 골격형태에 인종적, 지역적으로 골격형태의 변이가 있으므로 한국인에 Enlow의 구조적 대응체 분석법을 적용해봄으로써 한국인 정상교합자에 나타나는 두개안면골격의 특성을 규명해보고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 안모와 교합상태가 양호하고 교정치료의 경험이 없는 정상 교합자 100명(남자 50명, 여자 50명)을 대상으로 구조적 대응체 분석법을 이용하여 계측점과 계측선을 설정하고, 통계처리하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. PCF와 PMV 간의 각도는 한국인 남자 평균 $38.54{\pm}2.93^{\circ}$, 여자 $38.43{\pm}2.90^{\circ}$으로 나타났고, Wits' appraisal은 한국인 남자 평균 $-2.51{\pm}3.25$와 여자 $-2.3{\pm}2.26$으로 나타났다. 하악지 배열을 나타내는 R4는 한국인 남자 $1.89{\pm}3.15$, 여자 $2.36{\pm}2.84$를 나타냈다. 2. 후두개저와 하악지의 골격적인 수평 길이 차이를 나타내는 A3-B3에서 여자가 남자보다 유의성있게 더 큰 차이를 나타내고 있어 여자가 남자에 비해 하악지가 후두개저(PCF)보다 더 긴 것으로 나타났다. 3. 상악골과 하악체의 길이 차이를 나타내는 A4-B4에서는 남자가 여자보다 유의성있게 더 큰 차이를 나타내고 있어 남자가 여자에 비해 하악체가 상악골보다 더 긴 것으로 나타났다. 4. 상악과 하악의 수평적인 전체 길이차를 나타내는 Al-Bl에서는 남녀에서 성차를 나타내고 있지 않았다. 이상의 결과에서 한국인은 서양인에 비하여 중안면부가 함몰되고 하악골은 전돌되며 하악지가 후하방으로 회전되어 있는 양상을 보인다. 또한 한국인에서 여자가 남자에 비해 하악지가 후두개저에 비해 더 크며 이에 보상적으로 하악체는 상악골에 비해 남자가 여자에 비해 더 크게 나타나는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 이로인해 결과적으로 상악과 하악의 전체적인 길이 차이에서는 남녀간의 차이를 나타내지 않았다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.99-124
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• 2009

Many firms in Korea have adopted and used advanced information technology in an effort to boost efficiency. The process of adapting to the new technology, at the same time, can vary from one firm to another. As such, this research focuses on several relevant factors, especially the roles of social interaction as a key variable that influences the technology adaptation process and the outcomes. Thus far, how a firm goes through the adaptation process to the new technology has not been yet fully explored. Previous studies on changes undergone by a firm or an organization due to information technology have been pursued from various theoretical points of views, evolved from technological and institutional views to an integrated social technology views. The technology adaptation process has been understood to be something that evolves over time and has been regarded as cycles between misalignments and alignments, gradually approaching the stable aligned state. The adaptation process of the new technology was defined as "appropriation" process according to Poole and DeSanctis (1994). They suggested that this process is not automatically determined by the technology design itself. Rather, people actively select how technology structures should be used; accordingly, adoption practices vary. But concepts of the appropriation process in these studies are not accurate while suggested propositions are not clear enough to apply in practice. Furthermore, these studies do not substantially suggest which factors are changed during the appropriation process and what should be done to bring about effective outcomes. Therefore, research objectives of this study lie in finding causes for the difference in ways in which advanced information technology has been used and adopted among organizations. The study also aims to explore how a firm's interaction with social as well as technological factors affects differently in resulting organizational changes. Detail objectives of this study are as follows. First, this paper primarily focuses on the appropriation process of advanced information technology in the long run, and we look into reasons for the diverse types of the usage. Second, this study is to categorize each phases in the appropriation process and make clear what changes occur and how they are evolved during each phase. Third, this study is to suggest the guidelines to determine which strategies are needed in an individual, group and organizational level. For this, a substantially grounded theory that can be applied to organizational practice has been developed from a longitudinal comparative case study. For these objectives, the technology appropriation process was explored based on Structuration Theory by Giddens (1984), Orlikoski and Robey (1991) and Adaptive Structuration Theory by Poole and DeSanctis (1994), which are examples of social technology views on organizational change by technology. Data have been obtained from interviews, observations of medical treatment task, and questionnaires administered to group members who use the technology. Data coding was executed in three steps following the grounded theory approach. First of all, concepts and categories were developed from interviews and observation data in open coding. Next, in axial coding, we related categories to subcategorize along the lines of their properties and dimensions through the paradigm model. Finally, the grounded theory about the appropriation process was developed through the conditional/consequential matrix in selective coding. In this study eight hypotheses about the adaptation process have been clearly articulated. Also, we found that the appropriation process involves through three phases, namely, "direct appropriation," "cooperate with related structures," and "interpret and make judgments." The higher phases of appropriation move, the more users represent various types of instrumental use and attitude. Moreover, the previous structures like "knowledge and experience," "belief that other members know and accept the use of technology," "horizontal communication," and "embodiment of opinion collection process" are evolved to higher degrees in their dimensions of property. Furthermore, users continuously create new spirits and structures, while removing some of the previous ones at the same time. Thus, from longitudinal view, faithful and unfaithful appropriation methods appear recursively, but gradually faithful appropriation takes over the other. In other words, the concept of spirits and structures has been changed in the adaptation process over time for the purpose of alignment between the task and other structures. These findings call for a revised or extended model of structural adaptation in IS (Information Systems) literature now that the vague adaptation process in previous studies has been clarified through the in-depth qualitative study, identifying each phrase with accuracy. In addition, based on these results some guidelines can be set up to help determine which strategies are needed in an individual, group, and organizational level for the purpose of effective technology appropriation. In practice, managers can focus on the changes of spirits and elevation of the structural dimension to achieve effective technology use.