• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.489-517
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• 2004

The resolution of the 1993 Uruguay Round and the opening of Korea's construction market in '97 marked the beginning of the globalization of Korea's domestic construction market. Consequently, the process led to changes in contracting procedures, as well as disputes in construction management. With globalization came a rapid realization of reasonable values, which forced the hierarchical vertical relationship between the owners, constructors, and subcontractors into a more equal, horizontal relationship. Once the hierarchical relationship was altered, the late 1990's witnessed a dramatic increase in managerial disagreements, in addition to escalating legal disputes and expenditures. The horizontal relationship was a new concept and brought forth many complexities. Unfortunately, because all of this was new, management of construction disputes was elementary at best. Anticipation of disputes is the key to effective dispute management. This includes thorough reviews of contract documents, document management, construction records, and checklists. Also necessary is the education of owners and contractors with pertinent knowledge concerning dispute management. The following paper focuses on the importance of observing construction disputes in order to facilitate management thereof.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.71.2-71.2
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• 2014

For better understanding of the physics of pores, we have investigated horizontal and vertical motions of plasma in a pore obtained on 2013 August 24 by using high time and spatial resolution data from the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS) of the 1.6 meter New Solar Telescope (NST). We infer the LOS velocity by applying the bisector method to the wings of Ca II 8542 ${\AA}$ profile, and inspect oscillations of the intensity and the LOS velocity in the pore. In this presentation, we discuss the physical implications of our results in view of a connection between LOS and horizontal plasma flows in a concentrated magnetic flux.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.194-198
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• 1997

We realized CGH display of moving objects with an optical addressed spatial light modulator. CGH was calculated by the horizontal parallex method for saving a calculating time, and calculation speed was improved by making a lookup table of trigonometric function and root calculation. This lookup table was applied to a low resolution SLM, and succeeded in a simultaneous display of the three hologram images by the scanning method.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 1992

Handling the emergency problems such as Chemobyl accident require real time prediction of pollutants dispersion. One-point real time sounding at pollutant source and simple model including turbulent-radiation process are very important to predict dispersion at real time. The stability categories obtained by one-dimensional numerical model (including PBL dynamics and radiative process) are good agreement with observational data (Golder, 1972). Therefore, the meteorological parameters (thermal, moisture and momentum fluxes; sensible and latent heat; Monin-Obukhov length and bulk Richardson number; vertical diffusion coefficient and TKE; mixing height) calculated by this model will be useful to understand the structure of stable boundary layer and to handling the emergency problems such as dangerous gasses accident. Especially, this simple model has strong merit for practical dispersion models which require turbulence process but does not takes long time to real predictions. According to the results of this model, the urban area has stronger vertical dispersion and weaker horizontal dispersion than rural area during daytime in summer season. The maximum stability class of urban area and rural area are "A" and "B" at 14 LST, respectively. After 20 LST, both urban and rural area have weak vertical dispersion, but they have strong horizontal dispersion. Generally, the urban area have larger radius of horizontal dispersion than rural area. Considering the resolution and time consuming problems of three dimensional grid model, one-dimensional model with one-point real sounding have strong merit for practical dispersion model.al dispersion model.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.46-49
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• 2002

One problem of vision-based eye-gazed detection is that it gives low resolution. Base on the displacement of the eyes, we proposed method for vision-based eye-gaze detection. While looking at difference positions on the screen, the distance of the centers of the eyes change accordingly. This relationship is derived and used to map the displacement to the distance in the screen. The experiments are performed to measure the accuracy and resolution to verify the proposed method. The results shown the accuracy of the screen mapping function for the horizontal plane are 76.47% and the error of this function be 23.53%

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.34S no.2
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• pp.33-42
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• 1997

In this paper, a video coding method in wavelet transformed multi-resolution image using variable block sized motion estimation and multi-codebook is proposed. In the propoed method, the accuracy of motion estimation is increased by using variable block matching algorithm based on edge type of blocks which estimation is increased by using variable block matching algoritm based on edge type of blocks which is classified accoridng to the magnitude of wavelet coefficients in vertical subband and horizontal subband of the highest layer. Also, we increased the flexibility of bit allocation and decreased vector quantization error for motion compensated error transmission by using importance of each subband. Some experimental results confirm that he proposed mothod has fine reconstructed images without blocking effect at low bit rate, and especially reconstructs edges well to which human eyes are sensitive.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.532-533
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• 2009

The national wind map of South Korea has been established as a core data to support national strategy building and promotion of wind energy dissemination. The national wind map has been made by numerical wind simulation with the spatial resolution of 1 km horizontal, 10m vertical and temporal resolution of 1 hour interval for 5 years period (2003-2007). Therefore, an application system linked with the national wind map named KIER-WindMap$^{TM}$ is being developed to be used by the government, local government, developers and researchers. We introduce the current status of the application system and the future development plans.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.13 no.1 s.14
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• pp.1-16
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• 1998

A quantitative analysis has been made to estimate the horizontal variation of physical parameters in a loop type active prominence by analyzing Call H&K and $H_{\varepsilon}{\ldots}$ spectra taken from such an active prominence (appeared on May 23, 1981 with position angle 251 degree) with Littrow type spectrograph attached to 25cm coronagraph at Norikura Coronal Station of National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. The spectral resolution is 1.12A/mm and the spatial resolution is 25'/mm for Call H&K lines. The present study shows that the turbulent velocity ranges from 10km/s to 20 km/s in the loop prominence, which are in good agreement with those of Hirayama (1989). It is also found that the temperature of the loop prominence is higher than that of quiescent prominences$(\~8,000 K)$ by about 4,000 K, whose temperature deviation seems very high.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.49-51
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• 2006

A new data line reduction driving method was developed for high pixel density LCoS microdisplays. Its pixel structures and its corresponding gate line waveform were proposed, too. This idea can fulfill the increasing demand for higher resolution LCoS. In this method, no additional AC power is dissipated, and no more horizontal line time is needed. So this method can be applied to the high resolution microdisplay devices. It prefers being applied to the reflective liquid crystal on silicon microdisplays because of the pixel structure asymmetry and PMOS transistor switches used.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.07b
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• pp.882-886
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• 2005

As the TFT-LCD panels become larger and provide higher resolution, the distributed capacitive and resistive lines induce the propagation delay, reduce the TFT-on time and deteriorate the pixel chargingratio. A number of the compensation methods, like the H-LDC (Horizontal Line Delay Compensation), have been proposed to compensate the propagation delay of the large and high resolution panels [1]. These methods, however, require the comparatively accurate gate propagation delay estimates at each column driver. In this paper, by observing the actual gate and data waveform from 15-inch XGA TFT-LCD panels, we could predict the propagation delay along the row and column line.